The Quality Characteristics of Black Sesame Gruels Made with Different Concentrations of Steamed Black Sesame and Various Kinds of Rice Powder

쌀가루의 종류와 농도를 달리한 찐 흑임자 첨가 흑임자죽의 품질특성

  • Park, Jung-Lee (Department of Culinary & Foodservice management, Sejong University) ;
  • Chae, Kyung-Yeon (Department of Human Life Sciences, Sejong University) ;
  • Hong, Jin-Sook (Department of Culinary & Foodservice management, Sejong University)
  • 박정리 (세종대학교 조리외식경영학과) ;
  • 채경연 (세종대학교 생활과학과) ;
  • 홍진숙 (세종대학교 조리외식경영학과)
  • Published : 2007.12.31

Abstract

In this study, we applied a steam treatment to black sesame to determine the optimum treatment conditions, and also examined the antioxidant effects and quality characteristics. For black sesame gruels, roasting can be used in a variety of ways in cooking to enhance functionality and preference. We found that the solid content increased with the addition of 70% steamed black sesame in the glutinous rice-black sesame gruel samples, and for glutinous black rice-black sesame gruels, solid content was highest with the addition of 50% steamed black sesame. For the chromaticity, the L-value decreased as the addition of steamed black sesame increased in all the black sesame gruels made with the steamed black sesame. With regard to texture, the cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness, and adhesiveness of the gruels made with steamed black sesame were highest when 60% steamed black sesame was added. The results of the sensory test showed that overall preference was highest for the glutinous rice-black sesame gruel made with 60% steamed black sesame, while the glutinous brown rice-black sesame gruels were preferred with 60% and 70% additions, and the glutinous black rice-black sesame gruel was deemed best with 60% steamed black sesame. The most appropriate ratios of steamed black sesame in the black sesame gruels, with regard to overall quality, are as follows: 60% steamed black sesame for the glutinous rice-black sesame gruel, 60% and 70% steamed black sesame for the glutinous brown rice-black sesame gruel, and 60% steamed black sesame for the glutinous black rice-black sesame gruel.

흑임자를 찌는 방법으로 처리 조건을 달리하고 각각의 쌀가루(찹쌀가루, 찹쌀현미가루, 찰흑미가루)에 찐 흑임자의 첨가 비율을 달리하여 흑임자죽을 제조한 후 측정한 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. sesamin 함량은 591.919 mg/100g seed, sesamolin의 함량은 550.081 mg/100g seed, lignan 총 함량은 1142.000 mg/100g seed이었다. SOD 유사활성은 15분 쪄서 처리한 흑임자 시료는 천연항산화제인 tocopherol보다는 활성이 다소 낮았지만 천연항산화제인 sesamol보다는 활성이 높게 나타났으며 생 흑임자 시료의 활성보다 다소 높았다. 지방산 분석 결과 15분 쪄서 처리한 흑임자 시료는 생 흑임자에 비하여 myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid의 함량이 높았다. 고형분의 함량은 찹쌀 흑임자죽은 찐흑임자 70%, 찰흑미 흑임자죽은 50%이상 찐 흑임자를 첨가했을 때 높았다. 찹쌀 현미 흑임자죽 고형분 함량에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. L값은 찹쌀 흑임자죽, 찹쌀현미 흑임자죽, 찰흑미 흑임자죽 모두 찐 흑임자의 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. a값의 경우 찹쌀 흑임자죽, 찹쌀현미 흑임자죽은 대조군에서 가장 낮았고, 찰흑미 흑임자죽은 70%에서 가장 낮았다. b값은 찹쌀 흑임자죽과 찰흑미 흑임자죽은 대조군에서 낮았고, 찹쌀현미 흑임자죽은 40%이상 찐 흑임자를 첨가하였을 때 낮았다. Texture는 찹쌀 흑임자죽, 찹쌀현미 흑임자죽, 찰흑미 흑임자죽 모두 hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, adhesiveness가 찐 흑임자를 60% 이상 첨가하였을 때 전반적으로 높은 경향을 보였다. 흑임자죽의 관능검사 결과 전반적인 기호도는 찹쌀 흑임자죽은 60%, 찹쌀현미 흑임자죽은 $60{\sim}70%$, 찰흑미 흑임자죽은 찐 흑임자를 60% 첨가한 시료에서 기호도가 좋게 평가되었다. 이상의 연구 결과 찐 흑임자를 죽에 이용하기 위한 최적 조건은 찐 흑임자의 첨가 비율을 찹쌀 흑임자죽에서는 60%, 찹쌀현미 흑임자죽에서는 $60{\sim}70%$, 찰흑미 흑임자죽에서는 60% 첨가하는 것이 전반적으로 가장 적절할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. 김우정, 구경형. 2001. 식품관능검사법. 효일출판사. 서울. p 117
  2. 윤서석. 1984. 한국음식. 역사와 조리. 수학사. 서울. p 135
  3. 천상욱, 부희옥, 한승관, 이장원. 2003. 참깨의 기능성. 전남대학교 출판부. 광주. pp 100-101
  4. 홍윤호. 2003. 기능성 식품학. 전남대학교 출판부. 광주. pp 70-71
  5. 홍진숙, 박혜원, 박란숙, 명춘옥, 신미혜, 최은정, 이영근, 윤옥현, 윤재영, 신애숙, 정혜정, 차명화. 2003. 고급한국음식(코스 및 응용 상차림). 교문사(주). 서울. p 15
  6. 나미끼 미쓰오(최춘언역). 1999. 참깨 그 과학과 기능성. ゴマ-その科學と機能性. 식품저널. 서울 pp 35, 47
  7. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed, Association of official analytical chemists. Washington, DC. p 777-784
  8. Chang JO, Ryu HJ. 1998. The Physical Properties of Rice and Color Rice-Added Cakes. Journal of The east Asian of Dietary life 8(1): 51-56
  9. Choo SI, Chung KW, Ryu SN, Lee DJ, Lee BH. 1999. Effects of accerated aging on germinability, Water uptake and seed component in Adzuki bean(Vigna angularis W). Kor J Int'l Agri 11: 62-73
  10. June JH, Yoon JY, Kim Hee Sup. 1998. A study on the development of 'Hodojook.' KSFC. 13(5): 509-518
  11. Kang MH, Ryu SN, Bang JK, Kang CH, Kim DH, Lee BH. 2000a. Physicochemical Properties of Introduced and Domestic Sesame Seeds. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 29(2): 188-192
  12. Kang MH, Oh MK, Bang JK, Kim DH, Kang CH, Lee BH. 2000b. Varietal Difference of Lignan Contents and Fatty Acids Composition in Korean Sesame Cultivars. The Korea J Crop Sci 45(3): 203-206
  13. Kang MY, Choi YH, Nam SH. 1996. Inhibitory Mechanism of Colored Rice Bran Extract Against Mutagenicity Induced by Chemical Mutagen Mitomycin C. The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry 39(6): 424-429
  14. Kim HW, Chung SY, Woo SJ. 1999. Studies on the physico-chemical characteristics of sesame with roasting temperature. Korean Soc Food Sci Technology 31(5): 1137-1143
  15. Kim JS, Sohn JW, Yum CA. 1996. Sensory Characteristics of White and Black Sesame Gruels with Different Mixing Ratio and Decortication. The Korean Society of Food & Cookery Science 12(4): 547-556
  16. Kim KA. 1996. Physicochemical Properties of Nonwaxy and Waxy Brown Rice Flour .The Korean Society of Food & Cookery Science 12(4): 557-561
  17. Halick JV, Kelly VJ 1959. Gelatinization and pasing characteristics of rice varirties as related to cooking behavior. Cereal Chem 36: 91
  18. Ha TY, Park SH, Lee CH, Lee SH. 1999a. Chemical Composition of Pigmented Rice Varieties. The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 31(2): 336-341
  19. Ha TY, Park SH, Lee SH, Kim DC. 1999b. Gelatinization Properties of Pigmented Rice Varieties. The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 31(2): 564-567
  20. Lee DH. 2004. Change in physicochemical and quality characteristics during storage in sesame gruels using sesame. MS Thesis. Department of Bio-industrial Engineering Graduate School of Industry Pukyong National University. pp 1-2, P 26
  21. Lee EJ, Seo HS, Lee SY, Kim SH, Hwang IK. 2006. Quality Characteristics of Black Sesame Gruel with High-Dietary Fiber Rice 'Goami 2'. The Korean Society of Food & Cookery Science. 22(6): 940-948
  22. Lee JI, Kang CW, Bang JK, Kim KJ, 1991. Sesame breeding for oil quality improvement. IV. Variety differences of oil content and fatty acid composition. The Korean Society of Crop Science (品質硏究 3號): 20-32
  23. Lee MJ, Kim KH. 2005. The Comparison in the Physicochemical Properties of Sesame Seeds by Producing Areas. The korean society for Applied Biological chemistry 48(2): 128-131
  24. Marklund S, Marklund G. 1974. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 47(3): 469-474 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x
  25. Na GM, Han HS, Ye SH, Kim HK. 2004. Extraction Characteristics and Antioxidative Activity of Cassia tora L. Extracts. The Korean Society of Food Culture 19(5): 499-505
  26. Nam SH, Kang MY. 1998. Comparison of Inhibitory Effect of Rice Bran - extracts of the Colored Rice Cultivars on Carcinogenesis. The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry 41(1): 78-83
  27. Oh GS, Na HS, Lee YS, Kim K, Kim SK, 2002. Texture of Cooked Milled Added Waxy Black Rice and Glutinous Rice. The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 34(2): 213-219
  28. Ramarathnam N, Osawa T, Ochi H, Kawakishi S. 1995. The contribution of plant food antioxidants to human health. Trends Food Sci Technol 6(3): 75-82 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(00)88967-0
  29. Shim YH, Cha GH, Sin JW. 1995. Studies on the experimental cookery and the preservation of the Hugimja Dashik, J Nat Sci Inst Seoul Worman's Univ 6: 13-26
  30. Shyu YS, Hwang LS. 2002. Antioxidative activity of the crude extract of lignan glycosides from unroasted burma black sesame meal. Food Res Int 35(4): 357-365 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00130-2
  31. Song JH, Lee HS, Hwang JG, Jeong TY, Hong SL, Park GM. 2003. Physiological Activities of Phellinus ribis Extracts. The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 35(4): 690-695
  32. Song JY, Shin MS. 1998. Solublity Patterns and Gelatinization Properties of Waxy Rice Starches. The Korean Society for Applied Biological chemisty. 41(7): 516-521
  33. Tester RF, Morrison WR. 1990a. Swelling and gelatinization of cereal starches. I. Effects of amylopectin, amylose, and lipids. Cereal Chem 67 : 551-556
  34. Tester RF, Morrison WR. 1992b. Swelling and gelatinization of cereal starches. III. Some properties of waxy and normal nonwaxy barley starches. Cereal Chem 69 : 654-658
  35. Yoon GS. 2001. Effect of Partial Replacement of Rice Flour with Black or Brown Rice Flour on Textural Properties and Retrogradationof Julpyun. The Korean Home Ecomomics Association 39(1): 103-111