• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is etiologically associated with a variety of diseases including lymphoproliferative diseases, lymphomas, carcinomas, and autoimmune diseases. Humans are the only natural host of EBV and limited species of new-world monkeys can be infected with the virus in experimental conditions. Small animal models of EBV infection, required for evaluation of novel therapies and vaccines for EBV-associated diseases, have not been available. Recently the development of severely immunodeficient mouse strains enabled production of humanized mice in which human immune system components are reconstituted and express their normal functions. Humanized mice can serve as infection models for human-specific viruses such as EBV that target cells of the immune system. This review summarizes recent studies by the author's group addressing reproduction of EBV infection and pathogenesis in humanized mice.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 1997

Infection of human fibroblast (HF) cells with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) result in changes in the intracellular level of second messengers. Since nitric oxide (NO) production has been known to be related with other second messengers, it is probable that HCMV infection of HF cells may involve NO. To test this possibility, the amount of NO was measured following ogenous addition of NO generators such as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or S-nitroso-N-a-cetylpenicillamine (SNAP) immediately after HCMV infection, however, inhibited virus multiplication. Furthermore, immunoblot experiment using monoclonal antibody to HCMV major immediate early (MIE) proteins or CAT assay using pCMVIE/CAT (plasmid containing CAT gene driven by HCMV MIE promoter) revealed that SNP or SNAP blocked the MIE gene expression. SNP was more effective than SNAP in hibiting HCMV multiplication or MIE gene expression. SNP produced more NO than SNAP in inhibiting HCMV multiplication or MIE gene expression. SNP produced more NO than SNAP. Although the mechanism for the inhibition of HCMV multiplication and MIE gene expression by NO is still elusive some correlation with NO-mediated inhibition of HCMV-induced increase in cytosolic free Ca$\^$2+/ concentration ([Ca$\^$2+/]) was observed. The increase of [Ca$\^$2+/] following HCMV infection was inhibited by SNP, and less effectively by SNAP. Raising [Ca$\^$2+/ with bromo-A23187 partially reversed the SNP block of MIE gene expression. Thus, there appear to e some relationships among NO. [Ca$\^$2+/], and HCMV MIE gene expression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6169-6173
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• 2012

Infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of common sexually transmitted diseases leading to cervical cancer. Evaluation of parental knowledge and attitudes toward HPV were aims of present study to provide an appropriate method to decrease burden of this infection on society. During this study, 358 parents were assessed for knowledge about HPV and its related disorders. Some 76% of parents had no information about HPV infection and among the informed parents 36% had obtained their information via internet and others from studying medical resources. The average score of mothers information about HPV infection was higher than that of fathers, and also educational level and age had significant impact on knowledge of parents about HPV. Parent knowledge about the hazards of HPV was higher than their knowledge about modes of transmission. Lack of awareness about HPV infection was high in this study, underlining the urgency of education among all adult people in our society.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 1992

Asian Taenia saginata낭미충에 의한 인체감염이 성립된다는 것을 실험적으로 확인하였다. 감염에 사용한 5개의 낭미충은 우리나라 돼지간에 자연감염되었던 것으로 청주 소재 도축장에서 얻은 것이었다. 감염 후 제76일에 활발한 운동성을 가진 수태편절이 자연배출되었다. 2년 후 치료하여 두마리의 성충을 회수하였다. 두절에는 소구가 없었고 수태편절의 자궁측지수는 16∼21개 이었으며 다른 부분은 형태학상으로 무구조충과 유사하였다. 돼지 간을 날로 먹으면 우리나라에서 Asian Taenia saginata에 감염될 수 있다는 것을 실험적으로 증명하였다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is the most frequent neurological complication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, related with diverse etiologies including inflammation, opportunistic infection and side effects of medications. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate characteristics of HIV associated neuropathy according to the stage of HIV infection. Methods: In reviewing the medical records of HIV patients who underwent electrodiagnostic studies between 1997 and 2011, total 11 patients (all males; median age, 47 years; range, 28-71 years) with comorbid neuropathy were enrolled. Stage of HIV infection was categorized according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. Classification of peripheral neuropathy was based on clinical and electrophysiological features. Results: Distal symmetric polyneuropathy was observed in 8 patients (72.7%), inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in 2 patients (18.1%), and polyradiculopathy in 1 patient (9.1%). Median CD4+ T cell count was $123/mm^3$ (range, $8-540/mm^3$) and 7 patients (60%) had the most advanced HIV disease stage (CDC-C3). There was no neuropathy caused by CMV infection. Conclusions: Distal symmetric polyneuropathy was the most common type of neuropathy in HIV infection, but various forms of neuropathy such as inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and polyradiculopathy were also present. HIV associated neuropathy is more frequently associated with advancing immunosuppression, although it can occur in all stages of HIV infection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7483-7487
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• 2013

Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection plays an important role in the development of cervical cancer, but the prevalence of HPV infection in women of Shenzhen city remains unclear. The present study was performed to describe the change of cervical HPV infection in females who participated in voluntary cervical cancer screening from 2006 to 2010 in Shenzhen city, China. Methods: A total of 4, 413 women were recruited. HPV infections were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reversed dot blot hybridization in Shenzhen Maternity and Child Health Hospital. Results: The prevalence of HPV infection was 13.8%. The five most commonly found HPV types were HPV16 (3.47%), HPV58 (1.68%), HPV33 (1.38%), HPV43 (1.36%) and HPV18 (1.27%). The secular trends of major HPV type-specific were diverse. Among of them, the prevalence of HPV18 increased sharply while others increased slowly or even decreased in the period. The change of total HPV, single HPV and multiple HPV infection were similar during the five years. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that HPV infection is common with HPV16 and HPV 58 as the primary subtypes in women in Shenzhen city.The prevalence of HPV 18 infection is increasing faster than any others, which will lead it to be one of the main subtypes in this city in the future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1521-1525
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• 2014

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide and the association between HPV infection and genital cancers has been well established. This study concerned the possible role of HPV infection in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in the Iranian population. Materials and Methods: We examined 80 tissues obtained from patients with colorectal cancer consisting of 58 colon cancer samples and 22 rectal cancer samples and 80 tissues from patients with unremarkable pathologic changes as matched controls by sex, study center and anatomical sites. HPV infection and genotypes were detected using nested PCR and sequencing methods, respectively. Results: HPV DNA was detected in 5/80 (6.25%) cases including 1 of 22 (4.54%) patients with rectum cancer and 4 of 58 (6.9%) patients with colon cancer and 1/80 (1.25%) of controls. Furthermore, HPV-18 was detected as the most frequent type and we found no significant correlation between prevalence of HPV infection and anatomical sub- sites. Conclusions: Although a causal relation between human papillomavirus and colorectal cancer was not found through this study, analysis of medical records pointed to a possible role for high- risk types of HPV in increasing the potential of aggressiveness in colorectal cancer. This study shows a particular frequency of HPV genotypes in patients with colorectal cancer in Iran. Since HPV vaccines are limited to a few types of virus, using cohort studies in different geographical zones to screen for patterns of HPV infection in different organs might increase the efficacy and optimization of the current vaccines.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.133-136
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• 2007

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. An estimated 6.2 million people are infected with HPV every year. Randomized controlled studies consistently show that HPV vaccine is effective in preventing infection and HPV related cervical lesions. In June 2006, Gardasil (qadrivalent HPV recombinant vaccine) was approved by the FDA for use in females 9-26 years of age. This article reviews published data to evaluate the effectiveness of HPV vaccine for the prevention of cervical cancer.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.79-81
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• 2015

Oral hairy leukoplakia occurs on the lateral surface of the tongue that clinically as an asymptomatic white lesion. It is mainly found in patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. However, it rarely outbreak immunosuppressed patients after organ transplantation, or the patients taking steroids or immunosuppressants. It is the result of proliferating Epstein-Barr virus in the oral epithelium. Most of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with oral hairy leukoplakia are highly contagious and possible to progress acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Therefore, the early diagnosis of oral hairy leukoplakia is very important. Taking a thorough history and human immunodeficiency virus screening test is highly recommended in case oral hairy leukoplakia is detected. In this case, a 29-year-old man presented with whitish lesion on lateral border of tongue is diagnosed as oral hairy leukoplakia and human immunodeficiency virus infection.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2015

We investigated whether multiple infections can be used as predictors of progression to carcinogenesis in accordance with the cytological diagnosis in women receiving abnormal cytologic diagnosis as analysis genotype and compared to single infection. HPV prevalence is highest in the age of under 30 years old woman, HPV prevalence is started to lower after 30 years old and started to increase over 60 years old as like a U-shape. The specific HPV genotypes is an important factor because increased single infection and reduced multiple infections and appeared single infection with AC in progressing carcinogenesis. HPV 16 revealed the statistical significance at the single infection in squamous cell lesions, and HPV 18 revealed the statistical significance at the single infection in adenocarcinoma with showed HPV 16, 58, 18, 52-type distribution.