• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 1992

The second case of human infection with Mesccestoides Zineatus in Korea was reported. The patient, a farm worker, complained of abdominal pain and massive discharge of sesame-like proglottids in his stool for several months. Worms, recovered by chemotherapy with niclosamide, consisted of 32 strobilae. This may be the heaviest worm burden in human infection ever reported. The infected man habitually ate the raw viscera of chickens.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1988

A human case of Centrocestus armatus (Heterophyidae) infection was proved by identifying an adult worm collected after treatment with praziquantel in Korea. The case is 42-year old man who resides in a rural area in Sanchung-gun, Kyeongsangnam·do. The case was concomitantly infected with Clonorchis sinensis and had the history of eating raw (reshwater fishes including Zacco platypus, which are known to be the second intermediate host of C. armatus in Korea. This is the first report of natural human infection by C. armatus in the literature.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2014

The interaction between viral HA (hemagglutinin) and oligosaccharide of the host plays an important role in the infection and transmission of avian and human flu viruses. Until now, this interaction has been classified by sialyl(${\alpha}2-3$) or sialyl(${\alpha}2-6$) linkage specificity of oligosaccharide moieties for avian or human virus, respectively. In the case of H5N1 and newly mutated flu viruses, classification based on the linkage type does not correlate with human infection and human-to-human transmission of these viruses. It is newly suggested that flu infection and transmission to humans require high affinity binding to the extended conformation with long length sialyl(${\alpha}2-6$)galactose containing oligosaccharides. On the other hand, the avian flu virus requires folded conformation with sialyl(${\alpha}2-3$) or short length sialyl(${\alpha}2-6$) containing trisaccharides. This suggests a potential future direction for the development of new species-specific antiviral drugs to prevent and treat pandemic flu.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2002

The effect of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on three human monocyte cell lines at different stages of differentiation was investigated. While the viability of HL-60 cells or U-937 cells was not significantly affected by HCMV infection, the viability of THP-1 cells was reduced. Acridine orange/ethidiurn bromide staining revealed that the reduction of THP-1 cell viability was due to increased apoptotic death following HCMV infection. Apoptosis in HL-60 cells was not affected by HCMV infection, and induction of apoptosis of U-937 cells by HCMV was intermediate between HL-60 and THP-1 cells. Since HL-60 cells are the least differentiated and THP-1 cells are the most differentiated, the induction of apoptosis of human monocytes appears to be related to the degree of cell differentiation. Flow cytometric and confocal microscopic studies using fluorescent calcium indicator Fluo-3 suggested a significant increase in intracellular free calcium concentration (［Ca$\^$2+/］i) in THP-1 cells undergoing apoptosis by HCMV infection. Again ［Ca$\^$2+/］i in HCMV-infected HL-60 cells was not critically altered, and that in HCMV-infected U-937 cells was intermediate between THP-1 cells and HL-60 cells. Calcium influx blockers such as verapamil and nifedipine partially reversed HCMV-induced apoptosis in THP-1 cells.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2004

Avian influenza(AI) is an epizootic disease of variable severity caused by type A influenza viruses of the orthomyxovirus group. Chickens were the most frequently affected avian species with AI viruses. There were many outbreaks of fowl plague, now known as highly pathogenic AI(HP AI), throughout the world since Perroncito described the fowl plague in 1978 in Italy. In recent years HPAI viruses of different serotypes such as H5, H7 and H9 has been isolated from humans on several occasions either related with outbreak of HPAI in birds or not. In 1997, one of the most noteworthy events in AI history was the human mortality with H5N1 HPAI virus infection in Hong Kong. Six persons of total 18 persons with clinical signs of influenza were died. Recently the human cases with mortality related with HP AI outbreaks in poultry industry has been increased such as outbreaks of HP AI throughout Asia countries including Korea, Japan, China, Vietnam, Thailand and others in 2003. Although these outbreaks revealed the capable of spreading from birds to human, the capability for transmission between people was not clear. Therefore, this report will review the possibility of HP AI infection in human associated with HPAI outbreak in poultry industry.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8085-8091
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• 2016

Human papillomavirus is a virus that is distributed worldwide, and persistent infection with high-risk genotypes (HR-HPV) is considered the most important factor for the development of squamous cell cervical carcinoma (SCC). However, by itself, it is not sufficient, and other factors may contribute to the onset and progression of lesions. For example, infection with other sexually transmitted diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be a factor. Previous studies have shown the relationship between HPV infection and SCC development among HIV-infected women in many regions of the world, with great emphasis on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Brazil is considered a LMIC and has great disparities across different regions. The purpose of this review was to highlight the current knowledge about HPV infection and cervical abnormalities in HIV+ women in Brazil because this country is an ideal setting to evaluate HIV impact on SCC development and serves as model of LMICs and low-resource settings.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 1988

A human case of Echinostoma cinetorchii infection was found in Seoul Paik Hospital on August, 1987. Large trematode eggs, $98.9{\times}62.7{\mu\textrm{m}}$ in average size, were detected in stool examination. The eggs had a small.sired operculum and abopercular wrinkling. After treatment with praziquantel (single dose of 16.2mg/kg) and purgation with magnesium citrate, an adult fluke was collected. It was 8.0 mm long, equipped with 37 collar spines around head crown, and had only one testis just behind the Mehlis' gland. It was identified as E. cinetorchis Ando et Ozaki, 1923. The patient is an 18-year old man residing in Seoul, and was hospitalized due to nephritis. He had eaten raw meat juice of fresh water fishes such as top minnows (Orygias Satipes) and loaches, or tadpoles, which are considered possible source of this fluke infection. This is the 4th human case of E, cineterchis infection in Korea.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.669-674
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• 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to various clinical symptoms including anemia. Lipocalin-2 has various biological functions, including defense against bacterial infections through iron sequestration, and it serves as a biomarker for kidney injury. In a human protein array, we observed increased lipocalin-2 expression due to parental SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Calu-3 human lung cancer cell line. The secretion of lipocalin-2 was also elevated in response to parental SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants similarly induced this phenomenon. In a Calu-3 implanted mouse xenograft model, parental SARSCoV-2 and Delta variant induced lipocalin-2 expression and secretion. Additionally, the iron concentration increased in the Calu-3 tumor tissues and decreased in the serum due to infection. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the production and secretion of lipocalin-2, potentially resulting in a decrease in iron concentration in serum. Because the concentration of iron ions in the blood is associated with anemia, this phenomenon could contribute to developing anemia in COVID-19 patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.621-626
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• 2011

Purpose: Implant-based breast reconstruction has multiple advantages such as decreased morbidity, shorter operative time and faster recovery. However, postoperative infection with tissue expander increases medical cost and causes a delay in concurrent antineoplastic treatment. To reduce tissue expander infection, it is important to identify related risk factors and minimize them when possible. Methods: A retrospective review of patient records in a single breast cancer center was performed. Eighty-six tissue expanders were placed in 80 women for postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Variables including patients'age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative breast volume, operation time, drain indwelling time, postoperative seroma/hematoma formation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy were evaluated. Infection was defined as the status that shows any symptom of local inflammation and identification of pathogens. Representative values were compared through Student's t-test and univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: We examined 86 postmastectomy tissueexpanders which were placed between June 2004 and April 2010. Seven cases of tissue expander infection (8.1%) were identified. The infected tissue expander was removed in three of the cases. The relationship between BMI, and preoperative breast volume and that between infection and non-infection groups were significant ($p$ <0.05). Univariate analysis showed significant association between BMI ($p$=0.023) and preoperative breast volume ($p$=0.037). Multivariate analysis revealed that BMI and preoperative breast volume were independent variables regarding tissue expander infection. Conclusion: Certain characteristics of implant-based breast reconstruction patients increase infection rate of tissue expander. These risk factors should be monitored and evaluated before surgeries for more successful outcome.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2001

Reactivation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) from latency is often fatal to immunocompromised individuals. To understand the effect of HCMV on human monocytes where HCMV establishes latency, two human monocyte cell lines at different stages in differentiation, THP-1 and HL-60 were infected with HCMV. While the viability and morphology of HL-60 cells were not significantly affected by HCMV, the viability of THP-1 cells was dramatically decreased by HCMV infection. THP-1 cells infected with HCMV became aggregated and adhered to the surface of culture dishes, probably due to the increased expression of adherence molecules CD11b on the infected THP-1 cells. THP-1 cells established a latent HCMV infection were induced to differentiate by treatment with TPA and hydrocortisone. Recovery of infectious HCMV from the culture supernatant of differentiated THP-1 cells was dependent on the time of induction of differentiation after HCMV infection. Thus, in vitro model of reactivation of HCMV from latently infected monocytes was established.