• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3773-3778
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• 2014

Background: The study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in northern Thailand and the clinicopathological difference with regard to HPV infection status. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of vulvar SCC diagnosed between January 2006 and December 2012 were collected. HPV infection was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers MY09/11 and GP5+/6+. HPV genotyping was performed using the Linear Array Genotyping Test, followed by type-specific PCR targeting the E6/E7 region of HPV16/18/52 if the Linear Array test was negative. The histologic slides of vulvar lesions and the medical records were reviewed. Results: There were 47 cases of vulvar SCC included in the study (mean patient age $57.9{\pm}13.2$ years). HPV infection was detected in 29 cases (62%), all of which had single HPV infections. HPV16 accounted for 23 (49%). The patients with HPV-positive SCC had a significantly younger mean age than those with HPV-negative tumors (52.7 years vs 66.2 years, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in tumor stage distribution with regard to the status of HPV infection. The presence of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) of usual type (basaloid or warty) was significantly more frequent in HPV-positive cases compared with HPV-negative cases (62% vs 6%, p<0.001), whereas differentiated-type VIN was more common in HPV-negative cases (24% vs 0%, p=0.019). Conclusions: HPV infection was detected in 62% of vulvar SCC in northern Thailand. HPV16 was the predominant genotype similar to the data reported from other regions. HPV-positive SCC occurred in younger patients compared with HPV-negative SCC, and was associated with usual-type VIN. Vaccination against HPV16/18 may potentially prevent almost one half of vulvar SCC in northern Thailand.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2387-2391
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• 2013

Resistance to apoptosis is a major obstacle preventing effective therapy for malignancies. Bcl-2 plays a significant role in inhibiting apoptosis. We reconstructed a stable human Bcl-2 transfected cell line, BIU87-Bcl-2, that was derived from the transfection of human bladder carcinoma cell line BIU87 with a plasmid vector containing recombinant Bcl-2 [pcDNA3.1(+)-Bcl-2]. A cell line transfected with the plasmid alone [pcDNA3.1(+)-neo] was also established as a control. BIU87 and BIU87-neo proved sensitive to adriamycin induced apoptosis, while BIU87-Bcl-2 was more resistant. In view of the growing evidence that NF-${\kappa}B$ may play an important role in regulating apoptosis, we determined whether Bcl-2 could modulate the activity of NF-${\kappa}B$ in bladder carcinoma cells. Stimulation of BIU87, BIU87-neo and BIU87-Bcl-2 with ADR resulted in an increase expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ (p<0.001). The expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ in BIU87-Bcl-2 was higher than in the other two cases, with a concomitant reduction in the $I{\kappa}B{\kappa}$ protein level. These results suggest that the overexpression of Bcl-2 renders human bladder carcinoma cells resistant to adriamycin-induced cytotoxicity and there is a link between Bcl-2 and the NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway in the suppression of apoptosis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 1999

In oral and maxillofacial surgery, there are many cases requiring the graft of epidermal tissues such as maxillectomy, and vestibuloplasty. There have been so many challenges for the culture of the epidermal tissue. Observing the ultrastructure of the cultured human oral kertinocytes, we could compare this findings with that of in vivo ones. With that, we could find the differencies and similarities between cultured cells and in vivo ones, and evaluate the clinical applications of cultured tissue. Human gingiva was obtained and the specimen was explanted on 24-well plate. Two types of culture media were used in this culture system. One was for the growth of the keratinocytes (Media I), and the other was for the stratification (Media II). Media I had special ingredients for the epidermal growth. Those were 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 30ng/ml of epidermal growth factor (EGF), 30ng/ml of cholera toxin, and $5{\mu}g/ml$ of transferrin. We cultured the oral keratinocytes for 3 weeks, and at that time the cultured keratinocytes were processed to prepare the specimen for the TEM study. The results were as follows.; 1. In the phase contrast micrograph, epidermal outgrowth firstly appeared on the 3rd day after explantation, and the growing keratinocytes were activley mitotic, and had polygonal shape and increased N/C ratio. 2. In the phase contrast micrograph, the outer most cells exhibited areas where broad cytoplasmic processes extended out onto the culture subtratum(fan-like appaearance). 3. In the TEM micrographs, the cultured keratinocytes showed stratification. The cells were in elongated form, and there were no morphologic differencies among the layers usually found in the in vivo gingiva. 4. Most of cellular organelles underwent lysis, and keratohyaline granules were seen. Tonofibrils were dispersed in the cytoplasm. 5. The cells were interconnected by desmosomes, and their frequency of distribution was considered to be lower than that of in vivo keratinocytes. 6. We could conclude the cultured oral keratinocytes exhibited signs of terminal differentiation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.425-428
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• 2017

Human diphyllobothriasis is a parasitic disease caused by ingestion of larvae (plerocercoids) in raw or undercooked fish and commonly found in temperate areas. Rare cases were reported in tropical or subtropical areas especially in children. The first documented case of pediatric diphyllobothriasis in Taiwan had been reported 11 years ago. Here, we report another 8-year-old girl case who presented with a live noodle-like worm hanging down from her anus, with no other detectable symptoms. We pulled the worm out and found the strobila being 260 cm in length. Examination of gravid proglottids showed that they were wider than their lengths, containing an ovoid cirrus sac in the anterior side and the rosette-shaped uterus. Eggs extracted from the uterus were ovoid and operculated. Diphyllobothrium latum was confirmed by molecular analysis of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The girl was treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel, and no eggs or proglottids were observed from her stool in the subsequent 3 months. The reemergence of human diphyllobothriasis in non-endemic countries is probably due to prevalent habit of eating imported raw fish from endemic areas. This pediatric case raised our concern that human diphyllobothriasis is likely underestimated because of unremarkable symptoms.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.67-83
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• 2016

Ebola virus disease is a lethal viral hemorrhagic fever that has been boiling in sub-Saharan Africa since 1970s. Last year, The Ebola virus epidemic that has spread not only mainly in West Africa, but also in locals such as USA, Europe and the Antipodes via infected travelers, was brought up. Human-to-human transmission of Ebola virus disease is known only through direct contact with the blood, secretions, tissues or other bodily fluids, including saliva. Although there has not been reported infection cases in the dental healthcare settings, the fact that the infection of the Ebola virus may be made from human secretions such as saliva suggests that there is a high risk of infection for the Ebola virus of dental healthcare workers. Therefore, it is important dental healthcare workers to identify infection-suspected patients through the oral findings for infection prevention. This article will review the oral signs and symptoms of Ebola virus disease and discuss the pathogenesis, treatment and prevention. Furthermore, Infection control guidelines for oral healthcare workers are also proposed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2017

This is the first study to report Chrysomya pinguis (Walker) and Lucilia porphyrina (Walker) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as forensically important blow fly species from human cadavers in Thailand, in addition to Chrysomya villeneuvi (Patton) already known in Thailand. In 2016, a fully decomposed body of an unknown adult male was discovered in a high mountainous forest during winter in Chiang Mai province. The remains were infested heavily with thousands of blow fly larvae feeding simultaneously on them. Morphological identification of adults reared from the larvae, and molecular analysis based on sequencing of 1,247 bp partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (CO1) of the larvae and puparia, confirmed the above mentioned 3 species. The approving forensic fly evidence by molecular approach was described for the first time in Thailand. Moreover, neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis of the CO1 was performed to compare the relatedness of the species, thereby affirming the accuracy of identification. As species of entomofauna varies among cases in different geographic and climatic circumstances, C. pinguis and L. porphyrina were added to the list of Thai forensic entomology caseworks, including colonizers of human remains in open, high mountainous areas during winter. Further research should focus on these 3 species, for which no developmental data are currently available.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.248-251
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• 2011

Objective : In the field of spinal surgery, a few laboratory results or clinical cases about robotic spinal surgery have been reported. In vivo trials and development of related surgical instruments for spinal surgery are required before its clinical application. We investigated the use of the da $Vinci^{(R)}$ Surgical System in spinal surgery at the craniovertebral junction in a human cadaver to demonstrate the efficacy and pitfalls of robotic surgery. Methods : Dissection of pharyngeal wall to the exposure of C1 and odontoid process was performed with full robotic procedure. Although assistance of another surgeon was necessary for drilling and removal of odontoid process due to the lack of appropriate end-effectors, successful robotic procedures for dural sutures and exposing spinal cord proved its safety and dexterity. Results : Robot-assisted odontoidectomy was successfully performed in a human cadaver using the da $Vinci^{(R)}$ Surgical System with few robotic arm collisions and minimal soft tissue damages. Da $Vinci^{(R)}$ Surgical System manifested more dexterous movement than human hands in the deep and narrow oral cavity. Furthermore, sutures with robotic procedure in the oral cavity demonstrated the advantage over conventional procedure. Conclusion : Presenting cadaveric study proved the probability of robot-assisted transoral approach. However, the development of robotic instruments specific to spinal surgery must first precede its clinical application.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.140-155
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• 2018

In response to the development of IT technology in the 21st century and the advancement of the public human rights consciousness, it has become necessary to continuously evolve the office environments to support the changes of organizational structure and work methods of the police investigation departments. As a facility standard, continuous researches on standardized design space models and guidelines of the police investigation departments are needed. In respond to the organizational changes for the convenience of the working police investigators and the protection of the human rights of the visiting public, the environmental improvement projects for the office of the investigation department of the police stations are going on since 2014. In this study, analyzation and verification of the 3 cases of pilot projects for the improvement of police investigation departments would be done, based on the policy research project in 2014: 'the standard design direction of police officers for the protection of human rights and benefit of police investigation process.' The purpose of this study is, first of all, the actual situation survey for presenting the standard design space model and guidelines of investigation department of the police department. Secondly, the validation of the spatial model adequacy for for the past 3 years' case study of the police investigation department's environmental improvements by the application of standardized design space models and guidelines. The result of this study would be to enable the more effective police department investigation environment improvement policy by presenting the standard design space models and guidelines of the investigation departments of the police facilities.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.45 no.1 s.141
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• pp.33-38
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• 2007

To know the prevalence of heterophyid trematodes among inhabitants of a southern coastal village, i.e., Sacho-ri, Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do(Province), 82 stool samples were examined on helminth eggs and protozoan cysts using Kato-Katz and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. Total 33 people(40.2%) were positive for trematodes(Heterophyes nocens; 15 people, Pygidiopsis summa; 3, Metagonimus sp.; 4, Clonorchis sinensis; 7, Gymnophalloides seoi; 6) and/or protozoa(Entamoeba coli; 3). Among intestinal trematode egg positive cases, 17 were treated with praziquantel and their whole diarrheic stools were collected after purgation. Adult flukes of H. nocens(number of specimens=1,294), P. summa(386), Stellantchasmus falcatus(5), Stictodora lari(4), and Heterophyopsis continua(1) were collected using a stereomicroscope. To know the source of human H. nocens infections in this village, metacercarial infections in mullets(10) were examined and most H. nocens metacercariae(101/105, 96.2%) were found in the trunk portion. From above results, the surveyed coastal village has been newly known as an endemic focus of human H. nocens infection and consuming raw mullets was the presumable source of human heterophyid infections.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.501-506
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• 2008

Purpose: In order to overcome the limitations of the conventional cryopreserved fibroblast or keratinocyte allograft method used in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, we reported a pilot study in 2004 demonstrating promising results of a fresh fibroblast allograft method in eight patients. However, the number of cases was insufficient for full evaluation and the follow-up duration was not long enough to determine the efficacy and safety of the method. This encouraged us to conduct this follow-up study to fully evaluate the use of noncryopreserved fresh human fibroblast allografts in treating diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with diabetic foot ulcers were treated using fresh fibroblast allografts. Human dermal fibroblasts from healthy teenagers were cultured in DMEM/F-12 medium supplemented with 10% serum. The cultured cells were applied on the wounds immediately following debridement, with fibrin being used as a cell carrier. In eight weeks, percentages of complete healing, mean healing time, and patient satisfactions were assessed, with follow-up time ranging from 6 to 40 months. Results: Our study showed that 83.8% of the treated patients were complete healed. The time required for complete healing was $30.9{\pm}10.1$ days. Patient satisfaction scores for the experimental treatment were higher than those for the conventional method(mean scores of $8.1{\pm}1.1$ and $4.8{\pm}1.4$, respectively). No adverse events related to the study treatment occurred. Conclusion: The use of fresh human fibroblast allografts was found to be a safe and effective treatment for diabetic foot ulcers.