• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.3907-3909
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• 2014

Background: Cytogenetic abnormalities have important implications in diagnosis and prognosis of acute leukemia and are now considered an important part of the diagnostic workup at presentation. Karyotype, if known at the time of diagnosis, guides physicians to plan appropriate management strategies for their patients. Aim and Objectives: To determine the cytogenetic profile of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Pakistani children in order to have insights regarding behavior of the disease. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all the cases of ALL (<15years old) diagnosed at Aga Khan University from January 2006 to June 2011 was performed. Cytogenetic analysis was made for all cases using the trypsin-Giemsa banding technique. Karyotypes were interpreted using the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN) criteria. Results: A total of 153 patients were diagnosed as ALL during the study period, of which 127 samples successfully yielded metaphase chromosomes. The male to female ratio was 1.8:1. A normal karyotype was present in 51.2% (n=65) of the cases whereas 48.8% (n=62) had an abnormal karyotype. Most of the abnormal cases showed hyperdiploidy(13.4%) followed by t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) (7.08%). Conclusions: This study revealed a relative lack of good prognostic cytogenetic aberrations in Pakistani children with ALL.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.194-203
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• 1982

In this investigation we undertook to evaluate the utility of radionuclide cardiac angiography in the detection of cardiac shunts before and after surgical correction. Time-activity curves of ventricles and lungs were evaluated after bolus intravenous injection of 99mTc-human serum albumin in 512 preoperative patients and 551 post-operative patients. Omitting 31 cases of technical failure due to poor bolus, we detected shunts in 459 cases of 481 preoperative evaluations, so the detectability was 95.4%. The cases which couldn`t be detected by this method had small amount of shunt. Also the degree of shunt detected by radioisotope methods were well correlated with oxymetry method. [r=0.89, p<0.01 ] In postoperative evaluations, 18 out of 411 patients with left to right shunt and 10 out of 140 right to left shunt were found to have remnant shunts with radionuclide cardiac angiography. Of the 28 cases with failed operation, 2 were confirmed in reoperation, 2 by cardiac catheterization, 2 by two -dimensional echocardiography. All except one .f these patients had membranous ventricular septal defects and those with left to right shunts had moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension and shunt amount. Also those had larger septal defects than control group. We consider that radionuclide cardiac angiography is a simple and noninvasive method which can show the preoperative diagnosis and postoperative follow up of cardiac shunts.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.308-313
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• 2013

Among 179 specimen diagnosed with ASCUS but did not go through biopsy or other tests, 26 cases (14.52%) showed positivity in HPV Hybrid Capture II Test. There were 25 cases of HPV high risk factor(+), marking 13.96%, and 3 cases of low risk factor(+) at 1.67%. According to cytology manifestation, patients with over LSIL can increase their complete recovery rate with continuous tests, but most patients diagnosed ASCUS do not go through any tests at all. It is considered that in order to prevent and start early treatment on cervical cancer, the HPV Hybrid Capture II Test must be enforced to patients diagnosed with ASCUS. Negative patients should go through routine screening, and positive patients should receive treatment after colposcopy.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to evaluate appraiser's consistency and accuracy about pulse diagnosis (PD) in discrimination of eight-constitutions using Gage R&R study. Cumulative numbers of PD for discrimination of eight constitutions of three appraisers' experience were 75,000 cases, 50,000 cases, 1,100 cases, respectively. Three Appraisers diagnosed subject's eight-constitutions by PD with blinded method. Gage R&R study was used to verify the results. In the measurements of consistency, appraiser B (agreement = 80%, Value of k = 0.8276) was very good, appraiser A (agreement = 70%, Value of k = 0.7465) was good, and appraiser C (agreement = 50%, Value of k = 0.5365) was moderate. In the measurements of accuracy, appraiser B (agreement = 70%, Value of k = 0.6812) was good, appraiser A (agreement = 60%, Value of k = 0.6414) was good, and appraiser C (agreement = 0%, Value of k = -0.1000) was poor. The results suggest that accuracy of discrimination of constitutions relatively depend on experience and number of cases of PD. Further large controlled study is needed to evaluate the accuracy of PD.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2000

Exceptive clause of ambulance stated in Road Traffic Laws of ambulance car accidents is not properly applied and emergency staffs who transfer over 85% of emergency cases are to be forced to start out to the emergency field with unstable conditions which they may be punished on the criminal and civil laws. Hereby this study makes the following suggestions to activate the duties of transferring emergency cases by emergency staffs, promote their morale and diminish the victim of emergency staffs due to traffic accidents. 1) It is prescribed that ambulance car drivers should be protected legally by applying the exceptive clauses thoroughly regulated in special case clauses because ambulance cars are used for the purpose of saving the human life. 2) On the traffic accidents occurred during the transfer of emergency cases, the special insurance system is created for treating the ambulance car accidents, not to bind the emergency staff's mistake to traffic law and the victims are compensated by the nation on the basis of insurance system and emergency staffs have the systematic security. 3) On the road over six lanes, emergency lane is set on the center and ambulance car should be used as the exclusive lane. 4) Ambulance car drivers must have the habit of transferring emergency cases rapidly within the range of legal operation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

Purpose: Paraquat, a globally used herbicide, is highly toxic to human beings. Hence, we reviewed some cases of paraquat poisoning in Korea. Methods: We analyzed the clinical and laboratory findings of 50 patients poisoned with paraquat retrospectively. The patients were admitted to the department of internal medicine in the Eumseong KeumWang hospital from January 2008 to December 2008. Results: Among 50 cases of paraquat poisoning, 28 cases were male. Twenty-four cases (48%) were over 60 years old. Fourty-nine patients ingested paraquat on purpose as suicidal attempts, while 1 patient underwent accidental ingestion. Seven patients swallowed less than one mouthful of paraquat, of which 4 patients survived. Eleven patients swallowed two mouthfuls of paraquat, of which 8 patients survived. Thirty-two patients swallowed over three mouthfuls of paraquat and they all died. Thirty-one patients with leukocytosis died. Twenty-one patients with metabolic acidosis died. Increased levels of blood amylase and glucose were related to high mortality, and increased level of blood creatinine was related to severe mortality. Hemoperfusions were accomplished in 27 patients of paraquat poisoning, of which 12 patients survived. Conclusion: Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide. When patients arrive at the hospital, laboratory findings, urine paraquat concentrations, arrival time, and the amount of paraquat consumed must be considered for treatment plan.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.448-455
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• 2023

The azygos vein can be formed as a single root, two roots, and three roots, namely lateral, intermediate and the medial roots respectively. The hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein are the tributaries of azygos vein rather than its left side equivalents. Its variations, especially in young persons without any relevant risk factors, may result in thromboembolic illness. This study aimed to describe the morphological and morphometric variations of azygos system of veins. The present study was conducted on thirty formalin fixed adult human cadavers by dissecting azygos vein from formation to termination and variations were noted. The azygos vein was formed by a single root in 56.7%, by two roots: the lateral root and intermediate root in 36.7% cases and by the lateral root and medial root in 6.6%. The vertebral level of termination of azygos vein was seen at the level of T4 vertebrae in 70% cases, at the level of T3 vertebrae in 20% of cases and at the level of T5 vertebrae in 10% cases. The course of azygos vein was varying in 13.3%. These morphological variations can be useful while performing mediastinal surgery, mediastinoscopy, surgery of the deformations of the vertebral column, neurovascular surgeries of the retroperitoneal organs, disc herniation and fracture of thoracic vertebrae.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 1996

The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is the single most intensively studied chromosome alteration characterizing a human malignancy. The specific genetic alteration of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is the formation of the BCR/abl fusion gene in leukemic cells. The presence of the BCR/abl gene has important diagnostic and prognostic implications in CML. The detection of BCR/abl transcripts by reverse transcriptase based polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was investigated in patients with CML in whom the Ph chromosome abnormality was documented by cytogenetic analysis. In a total of 68 CML patient cases, the Ph chromosome was found in 53 cases (77.9%) by cytogenetic analysis. On the other hand, sixty two cases (91.2%) were detected to have BCR/abl gene rearrangement Of these, b3a2 was 44 cases (64.7%) and b2a2 was 17 cases (25,0%). There was one case with both b3a2 and b2a2 (1.5%). Of the fifteen cases of Ph chromosome negative by cytogenetic anlaysis, the BCR/abl gene was observed in nine cases, The results of BCR/abl fusion gene confirmed by the direct sequencing method correlated well with PCR analysis, The amplified PCR products were detected by $1{\times}10^{-5}$ dilutions. In conclusion, PCR technique is sensitive, rapid and relatively simple for a laboratory test in detecting the BCR/abl fusion gene with CML regardless of the result of cytogenetic analysis.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

Purpose: To report clinical appearances and the outcomes of patients treated for wrist laceration with suicidal intent. Materials and Methods: Between March 2005 and February 2008, patients with wrist laceration were treated at our center. Among them, 14 patients with suicidal intent were reviewed retrospectively. They were 8 females and 6 males with a mean age of 33 years at the time of treatment. The side of injured wrist, injured structures, suicidal instrument, the time of injury, a suicidal motive, drug or alcohol abuse or not, indication of combined psychiatric disease, the duration of postoperative treatment, and the results of treatment were analyzed. Results: The injured wrist was the left one in 13 cases (93%), and knife wounds in 11 cases (79%) was the most frequent mechanism of injury. An average of 4.6 structures were injured including 3.5 tendons, 0.57 nerves and 0.5 arteries. The most frequently injured structures were the palmaris longus (71%), FCU (50%), FCR (43%), FDS 3 (36%), FDS 2, median nerve, and ulnar artery (each 29%). Simultaneous injury of both median and ulnar nerves occurred in 3 cases (21%), and simultaneous injury of both radial and ulnar artery occurred in 1 case (7%). The injury time was the night in 12 cases (86%), and the most frequent suicidal motive was human relations such as lover or spouse in 12 cases (86%). In 9 cases (64%), the injured were in a drunken state, 3 cases (21%) had been treated for a psychiatric disease at the time of the injury. The durations of postoperative treatment were an average of 5 days of admission and 1 day follow up. Only 1 case results could be evaluated. Conclusions: Patient's poor compliance in wrist laceration with suicidal intent should be expected and these characteristics may affect the management plan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2002

For the first Maritime Accident Inquiry System in Korea, Central Marine Accidents Inquiry Committee were founded in Seoul and District Marine Accidents Inquiry Committee in Busan city In 1963 to determine the circumstances of the accidents and causes. At the present day, it was settled as Maritime Safety Tribunal tough several revision of the Law and regulations regarding the Maritime Accident Inquiry System. In Korea, there occurred about m cases of marine accident, and as a result, about 200 people were lost human lives in average per year. In accordance with the change of circumstances such as traffic increasing and being bigger in size, being faster in speed, etc., the causes of the marine accidents become complicated year by year. Accordingly, in this moment, it is meaningful that the introduction of the Research Official who assists the Judges probing the cases fair and square. In this Paper, with the consideration of the several kinds of Research Official System, such as the Research Official of the Korean Supreme Court, the Supreme Public Prosecutors' Office and the Constitutional Court, Japanese Supreme Court, Law Clerk in USA, etc., the selection, numbers, duty of the Research Official were studied. The results of the study are as follows; 1. The Research Official to be appointed among the person having long enough career as a Judge, Investigator engaged in the Maritime Safety Tribunal due to he sho띨d have capability to confirm perfectly logical judgement and to collect enough material for the conclusion of the causes of the case. The one who understands the foreign language is preferred for the study of the foreign cases; 2. It will be logical to post 3 joint Research Officials in Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal in Seoul after due consideration the cases treated a year; 3. It will be logical for the Research Official to perform the collection of material and inspection of the scene for the trial and inquiry of the cases, to attend the cases filed suit to the Supreme Court, to make commentarial papers regarding the judged cases, to collect statistics of marine accidents and to devise a reform measure through in-depth analysis of the accidents frequently occurred, to study for the improvement of the Maritime Accident Inquiry System;