• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.92-100
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• 2011

Under social changes focusing diversification, human-oriented ecological values and emotional and pscyhological satisfaction have been considered more important in space. Such trend has developed into interest in the effect of architectural space and shape on human perception and consciousness, and space has been considered as interactive in ecological, psychological and behavioral, and aesthetic terms rather than physical environment. In particular, exhibition space where interactive sympathy between environment and users through emotional experiences is more important, can have appropriate interaction through intended relationships between environment and humans in space. Therefore, this study aims to understand affordance, an internal mechanism of space recognition and human behaviors. Then it analysed representative types of exhibition space for emotional experiences as a characteristic of affordance Based on the results analysed, it is expected that introduction of affordance as real information in space will be helpful for effective connection of space with human emotional experiences.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1360-1364
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• 2009

The basic concept of analysis of human error that induced railway accident is that errors are consequences, not causes. But in most cases, it is likely that direct causes of the accident could be concluded as real causes, which make it difficult to find out root causes. Design, training, staffing, culture and condition are general category applied to investigate human error. In order to examine how those approach could help accident analysis, this paper studied accident investigation reports of UK RAIB(Rail Accident Investigation Branch). Rather than consider specific investigation method, we focus investigation result on how to describe causal factors and how to indicate recommendations to prevent similar accident. The reports show that they try to find out causes more in organizational, environmental and job factors, which implies the necessity to improve investigation process of human error accident in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.07b
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• pp.1509-1511
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• 1994

This paper calculates the induced voltage and current for a human and a car under 765 kV AC double circuit transmission line. A human and a car is simulated as two dimension by the use of charge simulation method and as three dimension by using surface charge method. The phase arrangement of transmission line is varied to calculate the induced voltage and current. In two cases a human and a car is grounded or floated, the induced voltage and current is also compared.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 2012

The electrical properties of pig internal organs including lung, liver, heart, kidney, blood, stomach, and small intestine are measured using an open-ended coaxial probe and an improved virtual transmission-line model. The measured complex permittivities of the pig organs are compared with the given values of the corresponding human organs. A similarity between these values is confirmed. For organs such as lung, liver, heart, and kidney that have regular texture and contents, the complex permittivities are almost identical to those of the corresponding human organs. The complex permittivities of human and pig blood are also very close in value. However, relatively large deviations are observed for the cases of stomach and small intestine because the internal contents of these organs significantly affect the measured electrical properties.

• Language and Information
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.103-122
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• 2014

In a so-called cleft (or, pseudocleft), the kes-phrase seems to refer to a person, even though kes is generally incompatible with human beings. In this paper, I claim that in a cleft, the kes-phrase can refer to a concept, and that a concept of human beings is not a person. I give some pieces of evidence for this claim. In a cleft, the kes-phrase cannot be pluralized only when it is supposed to denote a human being. Moreover, in such a case, the NP before the copula cannot be interpreted as the meaning of a predicate. Furthermore, in a cleft two kes-phrases are not conjoined with (k)wa only when they seem to denote human beings. All the observations can be explained by the claim that the kes-phrase denotes a concept in such cases. A concept cannot be used as a predicate, pluralized, or conjoined to refer to objects that are subsumed under a concept. When the kes-phrase denotes a concept, the cleft sentence is an identity statement.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-129
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• 2019

Traditionally, a galeal flap has been used for skull base reconstruction. In addition to the galeal flap, several other flaps, such as the temporalis muscle flap or the free vascularized flap, can be options for skull base reconstruction, and each option has advantages and disadvantages. Certain cases, however, can be challengeable in the application of these flaps. We successfully managed to cover a skull base defect using an extended temporalis flap. Herein, we present the case and introduce this novel method.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2022

As various mobile robots and manipulator robots have been commercialized, robots that can be used by individuals in their daily life have begun to appear. With the development of robots that support daily life, the interaction between robots and humans is becoming more important. Manipulator robots that support daily life must perform tasks such as pressing buttons or picking up objects safely. In many cases, this requires expensive multi-axis force/torque sensors to measure the interaction. In this study, we introduce a low-cost two-axis pressure sensor that can be applied to manipulators for education or research. The proposed system used three force sensitive resistor (FSR) sensors and the structure was fabricated by 3D printing. An experimental device using a load cell was constructed to measure the biaxial pressure. The manufactured prototype was able to distinguish the +-x-axis and the +-y-axis pressures.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 1996

Prostatic carcinoma is the leading second cause of cancer in men. Previous epidermiological studies implicated human papillomavirus as an infectious agent. Since there are only limited studies on the association of HPV to prosate cancer, we examined the prevalence of HPV infections in korean prostate cancer patients. We observed that out of 26 cases, 4 cases and 5 cases were infected by HPV 16(27%) and HPV 18 (31%), respectively and 3 cases by both (46%) and at least 18 were positive for HPV (69%). For these samples, immunohistochemical detection of the p53 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were also studied, using monoclonal antibodies. Sixteen of 26 (61%) showed immunostaining for p53 protein. While 8 samples with no HPV infection (100%) showed all positive for p53 protein staining, less than half of the 18 patients with any HPV infection (44%) showed p53 protein staining. These findings indicate that altered expression of p53 protein occurs in the more than half of prostate cancers, however, p53 expression is less frequent in HPV infected tissues. This implies that there might be an inverse correlation in general between HPV infection and p53 amplification. However, while 50% (4 of 8) of HPV negative prostate cancer was positive for PCNA staining, 13 out of 18 HPV infected patients (72%) were positive. Therefore HPV infection is more strongly associated with increase proliferation. In addition HPV infected cancer patients are generally in more advanced status implying that HPV infection plays a role in the development of highly malignant prostatic carcinomas, eventhough the statistical significance of this interpretation might be waited for the analysis of more cases.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.403-415
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• 1974

The author has investigated epidemiological features of human cases of epidemic encephalitis (E. E.) in the Republic of Korea and the status of antibody requisition in pre-and post-epidemic time. And virological and serological studies with regarding the relationship of E. E. infection between human and piglet, and field survey against its vector by means of virus isolation from mosquitoes were carried out. Finally, vaccine field trial against human population has also been evaluated in order to confirm its effectiveness. The results of the studies are summarized as follows : 1. The annual incidence of reported cases during the past 25 years (1949-1973) in the Republic of Korea has shown two patterns, one was typical cyclic incidence and the other one was irregular. Annual average morbidity and mortality rate per 100,000 population were 5.7 and 2.1 and fatality rate was 34.6% in typical cyclic years. 2. With regard to the geographical distribution of E. E., the province of Jeolla-Bug-Do illustrated the highest incidence regardless of the epidemic size. 3. The main epidemic period was between mid-August and mid-September (above 90% of the total number of cases). The first case was reported in middle of July and the epidemic ceased in late of October. 4. An analysis of the age distribution of cases of E. E., has shown that above 90% of the total cases occurred in the age groups under 14 years and it was noted that about its 54% were occurred in the age groups between 5-9 years group. 5. Through the Haemagglutination Inhibition (H-I) test for the laboratory diagnosis of E. E., it was found that higher H-I antibody titer was usually detected in the convalescent phase, 15 days after onset. 6. The H-I antibody survey against 563 healthy population by age groups during the pre-epidemic season showed that 422(75%) were less than H-I titer, 1:20 and 122(21.7%) were positive H-I titer, 1:20. Among the 94 American in Seoul who had not been in E. E. endemic area previously only one person had appeared sero-conversion as a H-I titer of 1:80 after post-epidemic season. 7. The E. E. virus could be isolated from the mosquitos pools-C, tritaeniorhyncus which were caught between late July and middle August. 8. E.E. Virus was also isolated from piglet blood on early August and H-I antibody conversion was occurred mostly on middle of August. 9. H-I antibody sero-conversion rate reached to high level when vaccine purified by mouse brain tissue inoculated, showing 98.9%. Higher antibody titer was acquired when booster inoculation was performed, Four fold rise of H-I add N-T antibodies was confirmed with 93.2% and 82.1% respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1589-1595
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• 2014

Objective: Forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) is a member of the winged helix/forkhead box (Fox) family of transcription factors. It has been suggested to regulate tumor vasculature, growth, invasion and metastasis, although it has not been studied in cervical cancer. Here, we analyzed FOXC2 expression in cervical tissues corresponding to different stages of cervical cancer development and examined its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. In addition, we examined the effects of targeting FOXC2 on the biological behavior of human cervical cancer cells. Methods: The expression of FOXC2 in normal human cervix, CIN I-III and cervical cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry and compared among the three groups and between cervical cancers with different pathological subtypes. Endogenous expression of FOXC2 was transiently knocked down in human Hela and SiHa cervical cells by siRNA, and cell viability and migration were examined by scratch and CCK8 assays, respectively. Results: In normal cervical tissue the frequency of positive staining was 25% (10/40 cases), with a staining intensity (PI) of $0.297{\pm}0.520$, in CIN was 65% (26/40cases), with a PI of $3.00{\pm}3.29$, and in cancer was 91.8% (68/74 cases), with a PI of $5.568 {\pm}3.449$. The frequency was 100% in adenocarcinoma (5/5 cases) and 91.3% in SCCs (63/69 cases). The FOXC2 positive expression rate was 88.5% in patients with cervical SCC stage I and 100% in stage II, showing significant differences compared with normal cervix and CIN. With age, pathologic differentiation degree and tumor size, FOXC2 expression showed no significant variation. On transient transfection of Hela and SiHa cells, FOXC2-siRNA inhibition rates were 76.2% and 75.7%; CCK8 results showed reduced proliferation and relative migration (in Hela cells from $64.5{\pm}3.16$ to $49.5{\pm}9.24$ and in SiHa cells from $60.1{\pm}3.05$ to $44.3{\pm}3.98$) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: FOXC2 gene expression increases with malignancy, especially with blood vessel hyperplasia and invasion degree. Targeted silencing was associated with reduced cell proliferation as well as invasion potential.