• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.9 no.5 s.36
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• pp.532-538
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• 2006

The railway human reliability analysis(R-HRA) plays a role of identifying and assessing human failure events in the framework of the probabilistic risk assessment(PRA) of the railway systems. This study introduces a case study that was performed to select an appropriate R-HRA method. Three HRA methods were considered in the case study: (1) the K-MRA(THERP/ASEP-based) method, (2) the HEART method, (3) the RSSB-HRA method. Two case events were selected based on the review of the railway incidents/accidents, which include (1) a real-end collision event, which occurred on the railway between the Gomo and Kyungsan stations in 2003, (2) the signal passed at danger(SPAD) events, which are caused from a variety of factors. The three HRA methods were applied to both case events, and then the strengths and limitations of each method were derived and compared with each other from the viewpoint of the applicability of a HRA method to the railway industry.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.304-327
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• 2000

This report is closely related to ${\ulcorner}$Simple question Five Qi Anouncement${\lrcorner}$ that you shouldn't take a Hot Taste excessively in case of Qi pathology because a Hot Taste runs to Qi, you shouldn't take a Salty Taste excessively in case of Blood pathology because a Salty Taste runs to Blood, you shouldn't take a Bitter Taste excessively in case of Bone pathology because a Bitter Taste runs to Bone, you shouldn't take a Sweet Taste excessively in case of muscles pathology because a Sweet Taste runs to Muscles, you shouldn't take a Sour Taste excessively in case of Sinews pathology because a Sour Taste runs to Sinews. Also the report mainly describes to relations between Five Tastes and BloodVessel-Organs of human body, to pathological change of a Five Tastes' one-sided diet or taking too much, and to various disease caused by that. And the section is called 'An Essay on Five Tastes', that Five Tastes of food and medicines could make human body either healthy or damaged so you should be careful. This report is divided into two chapter, the first chapter presents to specific diseases according to runnings of Five Tastes, the second chapter shows the pathological process how the human body would change and what kind of disease attacts human body as result of taking Five Tastes. So this section is important remarkably as a viewpoint of food and medicines.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.303-318
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• 2017

In the shipping industry, it is well known that around 80 % or more of all marine accidents are caused fully or at least in part by human error. In this regard, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) stated that the study of human factors would be important for improving maritime safety. Consequently, the IMO adopted the Casualty Investigation Code, including guidelines to assist investigators in the implementation of the Code, to prevent similar accidents occurring again in the future. In this paper, a process of the human factors investigation is proposed to provide investigators with a guide for determining the occurrence sequence of marine accidents, to identify and classify human error-inducing underlying factors, and to develop safety actions that can manage the risk of marine accidents. Also, an application of these investigation procedures to a collision accident is provided as a case study This is done to verify the applicability of the proposed human factors investigation procedures. The proposed human factors investigation process provides a systematic approach and consists of 3 steps: 'Step 1: collect data & determine occurrence sequence' using the SHEL model and the cognitive process model; 'Step 2: identify and classify underlying human factors' using the Maritime-Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (M-HFACS) model; and 'Step 3: develop safety actions,' using the causal chains. The case study shows that the proposed human factors investigation process is capable of identifying the underlying factors and indeveloping safety actions to prevent similar accidents from occurring.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.1529-1535
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• 2006

Human error is one of the major contributors to the railway accidents or incidents. In order to develop an effective countermeasure to remove or reduce human errors, a systematic analysis should be preferentially performed to identify their causes, characteristics, and types of human error induced in accidents or incidents. This paper introduces a case study for human error analysis of the railway accidents and incidents. For the case study, more than 1,000 domestic railway accidents or incidents that happened during the year of 2004 have been investigated and a detailed error analysis was performed on the selected 90 cases, which were obviously caused by human error. This paper presents a classification structure for human error analysis, and summarizes the analysis results such as causes of the events, error modes and types, related worker, and task type.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to recognize the feature points of ECG and human pulse -which signal shows the electric and physical characteristics of heart respectively- using wavelet transform. Wavelet transform is proper method to analyze a signal in time-frequency domain. In the process of wavelet decomposition and reconstruction of ECG and human pulse signal, we removed the noises of signal and recognized the feature points of signal using some of decomposed component of signal. We obtained the result of recognition rate that is estimated about 95.45$\%$ in case of QRS complex, 98.08$\%$ in case of S point and P point and 92.81$\%$ in case of C point. And we computed diagnosis parameters such as RRI, U-time and E-time.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.268-270
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• 2023

We present the first case of buckled thyroid cartilage identified in a human cadaver. This rare anatomical variant, in patients, often produces dysphonia and is a potential source for diagnostic confusion. In the cadaveric case described, the laryngeal prominence is deviated to the left without deviation of the internal structures of the larynx, such as vocal folds and vocalis muscles. The medical history of the patient is not known. Finally, a review of current literature on the buckled thyroid cartilage is presented. Such a case represents a rare opportunity to visualize this deformity via anatomical dissection.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.63-79
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• 2011

Deducting the risk level of infrastructure and buildings based on past human disaster risk cases and implementing prevention measures are important activities for disaster prevention. The object of this study is to measure the confidence to proceed quantitative analysis of various disaster risk cases through text mining methodology. Indeed, by examining confidence calculation process and method, this study suggests also a basic quantitative framework. The framework to measure the confidence is composed into four stages. First step describes correlation by categorizing basic elements based on human disaster ontology. Secondly, terms and cases of Term-Document Matrix will be created and the frequency of certain cases and terms will be quantified, the correlation value will be added to the missing values. In the third stage, association rules will be created according to the basic elements of human disaster risk cases. Lastly, the confidence value of disaster risk cases will be measured through association rules. This kind of confidence value will become a key element when deciding a risk level of a new disaster risk, followed up by preventive measures. Through collection of human disaster risk cases related to road infrastructure, this study will demonstrate a case where the four steps of the quantitative framework and process had been actually used for verification.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.299-303
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• 2003

Some of historical textiles were analyzed to identify the imprinted textures on the metal remains of Haengyeup(a horse strap pendant) and Doja (a knife), which were excavated in the ruins of Hwangsung-dong, Kyungju city in the fifth century and textiles imprinted on the human bones that were excavated in the Pungnae 4th Area, Namyangju county in the sixteenth century. The results analyzed arc as follows ; It was confirmed that the imprinted textures of Haengyeup and Doja are white ramie since the structural characteristics of cellulosic bast fibers, partially projected long oval cross sections with large lumens and the imprinted textures of human bones are silk fabrics since the triangular cross sections of fibroin is showed. All of the textiles were designed in plain weaves. In the case of weaving yarns, the warp threads were thicker than the weft threads, that is, the imprinted textures of Haengyeup were measured by 1.35 mm for warp and 1.21 mm for weft, and the Doja by 1.16mm for warp and 1.11 mm for weft. In connection with the direction of the yarn twist, the Z-twist were observed in the imprinted textures of human bones, whereas it presented the S-twist in the case of Haengyeup and Doja. The warp yarns were mostly harder twisted than the weft yarns on the amounts of twist, that is, it was observed that the case of Haengyeup were amounted to 0.33 twists per centimeter for warp yarns and 0.25 twists per centimeter for weft yarns. Also it was showed 0.32 twists per centimeter for warp yarns and 0.26 twists per centimeter in the case of the textures of human bones. On the fabric counts, it was showed that the finer the yarns the higher the densities since it were $4.3{\times}5.1$ threads per sqaure centimeters and $7.6{\times}7.1$ threads per sqaure centimeters each in the case of Haengyeup and Doja, whereas it was $18.2{\times}33.7$ threads per sqaure centimeters in the case of the textures of human bones.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Recent studies revealed that many animals identify individual humans. In this account, we review previous literatures on individual human recognition by wild or domestic animals and discuss the three hypotheses: "high cognitive abilities" hypothesis, "close human contact" and "pre-exposure to stimuli" hypothesis. The three hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. Close human contact hypothesis is an ultimate explanation for adaptive benefits whereas high cognitive abilities and pre-exposure to stimuli hypothesis are proximate explanations for mechanisms to perform such discriminatory behaviour. We report a case study of two bird species in a human-free habitat. Long-tailed skuas, which are known for having high cognitive abilities, exhibited the human discriminatory abilities whereas ruddy turnstones did not display such abilities toward approaching humans. This suggests that highly intelligent species may have this type of discriminatory ability so that they could learn to identify individual humans quickly by pre-exposure to stimuli, even in a human-free habitat. Here, we discuss that human recognition is more common in species with rapid learning ability and it could develop for a short period of time between an intelligent species and human.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

The Danish-Icelandic artist, Olafur Eliasson who was born in 1967 is known for installation projects employing materials such as colour, fog, mirror and light to rethink the relationship between human and surrounding. Since he started the early projects, Eliasson has been interested in the relationship between an art, a viewer and space. He has used the medium from nature because he thought nature is very common subject to derive new idea of relationship between human and surrounding. Eliasson revealed the idea of relationship between human and surrounding by three characteristics of spatial design such as 'reinterpretation of placeness by juxtaposition of mediums and defamilarization', 'ambiguity and extensity of depth distance of space by mediums' and 'change in spatiality by movement of viewers and time'. This paper focused on four case projects : The mediated motion in 2001, The weather project in 2003, The blind pavilion in 2003, Your rainbow panorama in 2011. It is aimed to discover relationship between human and surrounding in the case projects under three characteristics. This study found that three characteristics were differently applied in the case projects in terms of spatial experience and design methods. Inside & outside locations, formal quality, visual-perceptual relationships in and around each case are crucial elements and tools. The unique relationship between human and surrounding of Eliasson and three characteristics are applicable to architecture and spatial design.