• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.306-311
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• 2003

Solid-phase refolding of immobilized proteins can be an effective way to reuse an immobilized enzyme column. Oriented immobilization methods are known to provide higher activity of the immobilized enzymes. In this study, using recombinant EK (enterokinase) as a model enzyme and a fusion protein, that consisted of recombinant human growth hormone and six His tag that was linked by the peptide of EK-specific recognition sequence, as a model substrate, we evaluated two oriented immobilization methods, i. e., reductive alkylation of N-terminus ${\alpha}$-amine and affinity interaction between poly-histidine tag and Ni-NTA (nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid). The immobilization yield, activity and cleavage of the immobilized enzymes, and the yield of solid-phase refolding were compared. The Ni affinity immobilization and the covalent immobilization yields were about 100％ and 65％, respectively. But the specific activities were the same, about 50％ of that of the soluble enzyme. The cleavage rate by the covalently immobilized EK was higher than the soluble enzyme and the side reaction of cryptic cleavage was significantly decreased. Covalently immobilized EK showed almost 100％ refolding yield but the affinity immobilized EK showed only 70％ yield, which suggested the covalent conjugation provided more rigid ‘reference structure’ for the solid-phase refolding. The monomeric hGH could be easily obtained by capturing the cleaved poly Histidine tag by the Ni affinity column.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.33-39
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a parametric model for analyzing the motion information obtained from the acceleration sensors to measure the activity of the human body. The motion of the upper body and the lower body does not occur at the same time, and the motion analysis method using a single motion sensor involves a lot of errors. In this study, the 3-axis accelerometer is attached to the arms and legs, the body's activity data are measured, the momentum of the arms and legs are calculated for each channel, and the linear predictive coefficient is obtained for each channel. The periodicity of the upper body and the lower body is determined by analyzing the correlation between the channels. The linear predictive coefficient and the periodic value are used as data to measure the type of exercise and the amount of exercise. In the proposed method, we measured four types of movements such as walking, stair climbing, slow hill climbing, and fast hill descending. In order to verify the usefulness of the parameters, the recognition results are presented using the linear predictive coefficient and the periodic value for each motion as the neural network input.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.2349-2356
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• 2008

In this paper, we present the method to effectively extract and classify the EEG caused by only brain activity when a normal subject is in a state of mental activity. We measure the synchronous EEG on the auditory event when a subject who is in a normal state thinks of a specific task, and then shift the baseline and reduce the effect of biological artifacts on the measured EEG. Finally we extract only the mental task signal by averaging method, and then perform the recognition of the extracted mental task signal by computing the AR coefficients. In the experiment, the auditory stimulus is used as an event and the EEG was recorded from the three channel $C_3-A_1$, $C_4-A_2$ and $P_Z-A_1$. After averaging 16 times for each channel output, we extracted the features of specific mental tasks by modeling the output as 12th order AR coefficients. We used total 36th order coefficient as an input parameter of the neural network and measured the training data 50 times per each task. With data not used for training, the rate of task recognition is 34-92 percent on the two tasks, and 38-54 percent on the four tasks.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.7
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• pp.64-104
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• 2005

Visual media transmits image and information reproduced in large quantities, such as a photography, film, television, video, advertisement, or computer image. Correspondence to the students' reception and recognition of culture in the future. arrangements for the field of studies of visual culture. 'Visual Culture' implies cultural phenomena of visual images via visual media, which includes not only the categories of traditional arts like a painting, sculpture, print, or design, but the performance arts including a fashion show or parade of carnival, and the mass and electronic media like a photography, film, television, video, advertisement, cartoon, animation, or computer image. In the world of visual media, Image' functions as an essential medium of communication. Therefore, people call the culture of today fra of Image Culture', which has been converted from an alphabet convergence era to an image convergence one. Image, via visual media, has become a dominant means for communication in large part of human life, so we can designate an Image' as a typical aspect of visual culture today. Image, as an essential medium of communication, plays an important role in contemporary society. The one way is the conversion of analogue image like an actual picture, photograph, or film into digital one through the digitalization of digital camera or scanner as 'an analogue/digital commutator'. The other is a way of process with a computer drawing, or modeling of objects. It is appropriate to the production of pictorial and surreal images. Digital images, produced by the other, can be divided into the form of Pixel' and form of Vector'. Vector is a line linking the point of departure to the point of end, which organizes informations. Computer stores each line's standard location and correlative locations to one another Digital image shows for more 'Perfectness' than any other visual media. Digital image has been evolving in the diverse aspects, such as a production of geometrical or organic image compositing, interactive art, multimedia art, or web art, which has been applied a computer as an extended trot of painting. Someone often interprets digitalized copy with endless reproduction of original even as an extension of a print. Visual af is no longer a simple activity of representation by a painter or sculptor, but now is intimately associated with a matter of application of media. There is some problem in images via visual media. First, the image via media doesn't reflect a reality as it is, but reflects an artificial manipulated world, that is, a virtual reality. Second, the introduction of digital effect and the development of image processing technology have enhanced a spectacle of destructive and violent scenes. Third, a child intends to recognize the interactive images of computer game and virtual reality as a reality, or truth. Education needs not only to point out an ill effect of mass media and prevent the younger generation from being damaged by it, but also to offer a knowledge and know-how to cope actively with social, cultural circumstances. Visual media education is one of these essential methods for the contemporary and future human being in the overflowing of image informations. The fosterage of 'Visual Literacy' can be considered as a very purpose of visual media education. This is a way to lead an individual to the discerning, active consumer and producer of visual media in life as far as possible. The elements of 'Visual Literacy' can be divided into a faculty of recognition related to the visual media, a faculty of critical reception, a faculty of appropriate application, a faculty of active work and a faculty of creative modeling, which are promoted at the same time by the education of 'visual literacy'. In conclusion, the education of 'Visual Literacy' guides students to comprehend and discriminate the visual image media carefully, or receive them critically, apply them properly, or produce them creatively and voluntarily. Moreover, it leads to an artistic activity by means of new media. This education can be approached and enhanced by the connection and integration with real life. Visual arts and education of them play an important role in the digital era depended on visual communications via image information. Visual me야a of day functions as an essential element both in daily life and in arts. Students can soundly understand visual phenomena of today by means of visual media, and apply it as an expression tool of life culture as well. A new recognition and valuation visual image and media education is required to cultivate the capability of active, upright dealing with the changes of history of civilization. 1) Visual media education helps to cultivate a sensibility for images, which reacts to and deals with the circumstances. 2) It helps students to comprehend the contemporary arts and culture via new media. 3) It supplies a chance of students' experiencing a visual modeling by means of new media. 4) There are educational opportunities of images with temporality and spaciality, and therefore a discerning person becomes to increase. 5) The modeling activity via new media leads students to be continuously interested in the school and production of plastic arts. 6) It raises the ability of visual communications dealing with image information society. 7) An education of digital image is significant in respect of cultivation of man of talent for the future society of image information as well. To correspond to the changing and developing social, cultural circumstances, and the form and recognition of students' reception of them, visual arts education must arrange the field of studying on a new visual culture. Besides, a program needs to be developed, which is in more systematic and active level in relation to visual media education. Educational contents should be extended to the media for visual images, that is, photography, film, television, video, computer graphic, animation, music video, computer game and multimedia. Every media must be separately approached, because they maintain the modes and peculiarities of their own according to the conveyance form of message. The concrete and systematic method of teaching and the quality of education must be researched and developed, centering around the development of a course of study. Teacher's foundational capability of teaching should be cultivated for the visual media education. In this case, it must be paid attention to the fact that a technological level of media is considered as a secondary. Because school education doesn't intend to train expert and skillful producers, but intends to lay stress on the essential aesthetic one with visual media under the social and cultural context, in respect of a consumer including a man of culture.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.163-177
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• 2019

As smartphones are getting widely used, human activity recognition (HAR) tasks for recognizing personal activities of smartphone users with multimodal data have been actively studied recently. The research area is expanding from the recognition of the simple body movement of an individual user to the recognition of low-level behavior and high-level behavior. However, HAR tasks for recognizing interaction behavior with other people, such as whether the user is accompanying or communicating with someone else, have gotten less attention so far. And previous research for recognizing interaction behavior has usually depended on audio, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi sensors, which are vulnerable to privacy issues and require much time to collect enough data. Whereas physical sensors including accelerometer, magnetic field and gyroscope sensors are less vulnerable to privacy issues and can collect a large amount of data within a short time. In this paper, a method for detecting accompanying status based on deep learning model by only using multimodal physical sensor data, such as an accelerometer, magnetic field and gyroscope, was proposed. The accompanying status was defined as a redefinition of a part of the user interaction behavior, including whether the user is accompanying with an acquaintance at a close distance and the user is actively communicating with the acquaintance. A framework based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent networks for classifying accompanying and conversation was proposed. First, a data preprocessing method which consists of time synchronization of multimodal data from different physical sensors, data normalization and sequence data generation was introduced. We applied the nearest interpolation to synchronize the time of collected data from different sensors. Normalization was performed for each x, y, z axis value of the sensor data, and the sequence data was generated according to the sliding window method. Then, the sequence data became the input for CNN, where feature maps representing local dependencies of the original sequence are extracted. The CNN consisted of 3 convolutional layers and did not have a pooling layer to maintain the temporal information of the sequence data. Next, LSTM recurrent networks received the feature maps, learned long-term dependencies from them and extracted features. The LSTM recurrent networks consisted of two layers, each with 128 cells. Finally, the extracted features were used for classification by softmax classifier. The loss function of the model was cross entropy function and the weights of the model were randomly initialized on a normal distribution with an average of 0 and a standard deviation of 0.1. The model was trained using adaptive moment estimation (ADAM) optimization algorithm and the mini batch size was set to 128. We applied dropout to input values of the LSTM recurrent networks to prevent overfitting. The initial learning rate was set to 0.001, and it decreased exponentially by 0.99 at the end of each epoch training. An Android smartphone application was developed and released to collect data. We collected smartphone data for a total of 18 subjects. Using the data, the model classified accompanying and conversation by 98.74% and 98.83% accuracy each. Both the F1 score and accuracy of the model were higher than the F1 score and accuracy of the majority vote classifier, support vector machine, and deep recurrent neural network. In the future research, we will focus on more rigorous multimodal sensor data synchronization methods that minimize the time stamp differences. In addition, we will further study transfer learning method that enables transfer of trained models tailored to the training data to the evaluation data that follows a different distribution. It is expected that a model capable of exhibiting robust recognition performance against changes in data that is not considered in the model learning stage will be obtained.

• Journal of Oriental Physiology
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• v.14 no.2 s.20
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• pp.157-178
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• 1999

In terms of the bolt-leaf-hanges in Three-yum and Three yang I referd to successive medical books and many recent literatures on the basis of Huangjenegeong Somun Treatise on the Darting and meeting of Yin and yang, thus considerd concept of successive commentators about the bolt-leaf-hanges in Three-yum and Three yang and reconstructed and systeamtically arranged the bolt-leaf-hanges's interrelationship, yum-yang's relation and movement of six chnnel, and then studied there trinciple in all the universe apply the body and the process is operated by the bolt-leaf-hanges in the trinciples followed in human make his life adaption environment. The process is operated by the bolt-leaf-hanges in Three-yum and Three yang. The trinciples followed in. Firstly, Three-yum and Three yang is not dirrerentiate by many, middle, little of yum-yanggi's different function & role. Secondly, Three-yum and Three yang is negatively related white showing that there is the bolt-leaf-hanges relationship through space of Three-yum and Three yang. Through internal relationship of Three yum channel & Three yang channel, it can be proven that Three-yum and Three yang is in negative relation and through achieving the bolt-leaf-hanges relation in dimensional concept, it can be proven that it can actually be applied to human. Thirdly, by showing Three-yum and Three yang's the bolt-leaf-hanges relation is relation between Three yum & Three yang as well as negative relation, it can be shown that Three-yum and Three yang's the bolt-leaf-hanges activity is circular, and that it maintains itself through appropriate transformation. Fourth, understanding of Three-yum and Three yang's the bolt-leaf-hanges relationship and yum-yang Concern & six channer's activity has been varied. It means that the understanding is affected by socity, philosophical & research culture of the various times. The purpose has been to systematically arrange and diagnosing Three-yum and Three yang's the bolt-leaf-hanges and thus make up a fundamental for recognition. But, further study should be carried out on medical explanation on the bolt-leaf-hanges and interpretation and operation of the bolt-leaf-hanges in O-UnYukKiron.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2002

Background: S100A6 is a calcium-binding protein overexpressed in several tumor cell lines including melanoma with high metastatic activity and involved in various cellular processes such as cell division and differentiation. To detect S100A6 protein in patient' samples (ex, blood or tissue), it is essential to produce a monoclonal antibody specific to the protein. Methods: First, cDNA coding for ORF region of human S100A6 gene was amplified and cloned into the expression vector for GST fusion protein. We have produced recombinant S100A6 protein and subsequently, monoclonal antibodies to the protein. The specificity of anti-S100A6 monoclonal antibody was confirmed using recombinant S100A recombinant proteins of other S100A family (GST-S100A1, GST-S100A2 and GST-S100A4) and the cell lysates of several human cell lines. Also, to identify the specific recognition site of the monoclonal antibody, we have performed the immunoblot analysis with serially deleted S100A6 recombinant proteins. Results: GST-S100A6 recombinant protein was induced and purified. And then S100A6 protein excluding GST protein was obtained and monoclonal antibody to the protein was produced. Monoclonal antibody (K02C12-1; patent number, 330311) has no cross-reaction to several other S100 family proteins. It appears that anti-S100A6 monoclonal antibody reacts with the region containing the amino acid sequence from 46 to 61 of S100A6 protein. Conclusion: These data suggest that anti-S100A6 monoclonal antibody produced can be very useful in development of diagnostic system for S100A6 protein.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

Nowadays, recognizing human activities is an important subject; it is exploited widely and applied to many fields in real-life, especially in health care and context aware application. Research achievements are mainly focused on activities of daily living which are useful for suggesting advises to health care applications. Falling event is one of the biggest risks to the health and well-being of the elderly especially in independent living because falling accidents may be caused from heart attack. Recognizing this activity still remains in difficult research area. Many systems equipped wearable sensors have been proposed but they are not useful if users forget to wear the clothes or lack ability to adapt themselves to mobile systems without specific wearable sensors. In this paper, we develop a novel method based on analyzing the change of acceleration, orientation when the fall occurs and measure their similarity to featured fall patterns. In this study, we recruit five volunteers in our experiment including various fall categories. The results are effective for recognizing fall activity. Our system is implemented on G1 smart phone which are already plugged accelerometer and orientation sensors. The popular phone is used to get data from accelerometer and results showthe feasibility of our method and significant contribution to fall detection.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.22
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• pp.169-196
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• 2010

Although more priority is given to politicians from the aspect that they represent people and decide the future of country, the current situation is that politicians are not free from terrorism because of insufficient guard-concerned law, negative social recognition and increased crime and terrorism. The measure for politician terrorism shall be handled from the aspect of national security rather than public peace. For the purpose, basic legal foundation shall be prepared and specialized guard technique considering specialty of politician shall be established. Basic solution shall be established by reinforcing law against politician terrorism and establishing new law from the national viewpoint. The guard for politician has two faces that both of safety of guard target and voting intention of voter shall be met at the same time. Although special guard technique is required for guarding politician, current situation is that it is not researched professionally. In relation to the measure to develop the system of protection for politician, First, the study suggested legal foundation for politician guard. Although the 17th National Assembly proposed revised legal plan to protect politician from terrorism, it is suspended, expired and abolished now. The legal plan presented by members of the National Assembly was simply restricted to the scope of public guard. The study divided establishment of legal foundation into two things. The first one is the dispatch type of effective public guard and the second one is the transfer to private guard. Second, the study suggested environmental development method of politician guard. in the environment of politician guard, the study suggested improvement and development method by analyzing social recognition, politician's mind and voter's mind psychologically. After the beginning of human society, if human race is continued, political activity won't disappear. It is obvious that the safety of political leader is very important issue for human race because he plays the role to decide the future of human. In the future, more specialized, effective law shall be prepared and deeper study of scholar shall be performed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.400-407
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• 2017

The purpose of this research was analyzing pre-post change of concept recognition structure about happiness and activity in which medical school students feel happiness, in order to develop such curriculum accordingly. Research subjects included a total of 36 sophomores attending medical school, and a day reconstruction method and network analysis were applied. According to the research finding, while medical school students were experiencing a lot of happiness while eating/talking and doing leisure activities, the frequency of feeling happiness through learning activities was shown to be low. Words that expressed happiness before and after were similar in many parts and 'economy' showed the highest degree centrality before and 'work' showed the highest degree centrality after. Because the structure of the concept about happiness was divided from 1 group into 4 groups including one's work, positive self, health of family, value about life etc., perception of the concept about happiness was changed from the concept about superficial happiness to the concept about actual happiness. Therefore, in order for prospective doctors who will treat human health to establish the concept and value about happiness properly, education about happiness is necessary and for this, curriculum related to happiness must be developed systematically.