• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 1997

Structural details of the three-bay-straw-roof house which was the most common form of residence as a commoner's house during ancient period are suggested. Wooden frames are used in the house. The typical form of joint used is Sagaemachum. The static lateral loading capacity of the frames is evaluated through the test on full scale models. The effects of joint type at the column head and wooden lattice on the lateral loading capacity and the failure modes of frames are analyzed. The ultimate lateral loading capacity and displacement of the ordinary frame at failure are 1.090 N and 400 mm(1/6rad), respectively. These values for the frame with high column are 4,160 N and 250 mm(1/9.6rad), respectively. The behavior of joint at column head controls the overall lateral loading capacity of the frame and shows very large nonlinearity. The general failure modes of joint for an ordinary frame and a frame with high column are shear and bending failure at the branches of Sagaemachum, respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2004

We examined the responses of PBMCs to house dust mite (HDM) allergen in atopic and healthy, non-atopic dogs to identify differences in lymphocyte reactivity that might reflect the immunologic status of atopic dermatitis. Thirteen of 20 (65%) atopic dogs showed a positive lymphocyte proliferative response to HDM allergen. The rate of response was significantly higher in the atopic dogs than that in healthy, non-atopic dogs insensitive to the allergen (P = 0.007). The proliferative responses were positively correlated with the level of HDM-specific IgE in serum (P = 0.035), and were thereby confirmed to reflect the activity of lymphocytes competent to promote IgE production. These results suggest that HDM-specific lymphocytes were present in peripheral blood and played a role in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.34
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• pp.172-195
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• 2001

This research on the house folklore in China, Korea, and Japan is focusing on a kitchen God that is common in these three countries. This god originated in China and has subsequently influenced Korea and Japan. Today, all three countries use the same name of this kitchen god which is called Youngwang(竈王) as its name has been spelled in Chinese. In China, this kitchen god has been believed in two different ways. The Han people have developed their belief in Youngwang while another creed has been originated from other ethnic groups. Because of the particular house style with upper stories of ethnic groups in the southern and southeast areas of China, a kitchen fireplace is centered in the house. Han people in China also worship painted depictions of kitchen gods. And the ethnic groups believe it has three stone legs for a fire box. These differing beliefs has bad influenced on Korea and Japan. The kitchen god of Cheju island (off the south Korea coast) is believed to be almost the same as among the ethnic groups in China Interestingly, form of belief in the kitchen god in Okinawa (off the south coast of Japan) is almost identical as in the southern area of China Custom in China. Korea, and Japan regarding the kitchen god symbolized family values healing, initiating a new daughter-in-law to reveging the kitchen god, etc. are all the very similar. A fireplace and its fire are very important and, have many taboo, attached. Existing rich tales of kitchen gods are similar in the three countries. Moreover, people in the three countries, think that the clay or time plaster of the fireplace with bring good luck on New Year's eve. However, Korea kitchen god features one thing that is different from those China and Japan, that is that water symbolizes the kitchen god in Korea. A painted kitchen god as they are popular in China, has influenced only some Buddhist temples in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2022

In this study, the generation and emission characteristics of particulate matter and gaseous matter in a mechanically ventilated layer house were evaluated. Each concentration of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, inhalable dust, respirable dust, and NH₃ was measured and compared with occupational limit considering seasons and respiratory disorder. CAPPS (Clean Air Policy Support System) of the Ministry of Environment proposes the emission factors of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and NH₃ for a layer houses however, emission factors are still calculated from foreign factors such as CONINAIR values. As a result, it is urgent to develop national emission factors for domestic layer house. Emission coefficients of the studied mechanically-ventilated layer house in a summer season were calculated as 0.052 kg/head/year for PM₁₀, about 12% lower than that of CAPSS, and 0.0068±0.0038 kg/head/year for PM_2.5, showing no significant difference. Emission factor of NH₃ was calculated as 0.159±0.031 kg/head/year, about 51% lower than that of CAPSS.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 1992

In the previous paper, we report a practical floor impact sound level prediction method for a heavyweight impact source(Tire), soft impact source such as children jumping and running. According to these results, the calculated value and the measured value correspond comparatively well, regardless of differences in the floor structures. And the floor impact sound for a heavyweight impact source, soft source was strongly influenced by structural factors such as floor slab stiffness and peripheral support conditions. But the floor impact sound for a light impact source (Tapping machine), hard impact source was influenced by resilient layers, composed of multi-layer in floor structures. Thus, In this paper, 4 actual floor structures, all with differing resilient layers, were calculated using impedance method. When these calculation values were compared with the measured values, approximately all the values fell with one rank of the sound insulation grade, reference curve(L curve) by the JIS standard. So, a sample of measured values and calculated values from floor structures is presented to show the accuracy and appropriateness of the impedance method in domestic.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.293-315
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• 2016

Seismic isolation is often used in protecting mission-critical structures including hospitals, data centers, telecommunication buildings, etc. Such structures typically house vibration-sensitive equipment which has to provide continued service but may fail in case sustained accelerations during earthquakes exceed threshold limit values. Thus, peak floor acceleration is one of the two main parameters that control the design of such structures while the other one is peak base displacement since the overall safety of the structure depends on the safety of the isolation system. And in case peak base displacement exceeds the design base displacement during an earthquake, rupture and/or buckling of isolators as well as bumping against stops around the seismic gap may occur. Therefore, obtaining accurate peak floor accelerations and peak base displacement is vital. However, although nominal design values for isolation system and superstructure parameters are calculated in order to meet target peak design base displacement and peak floor accelerations, their actual values may potentially deviate from these nominal design values. In this study, the sensitivity of the seismic performance of structures equipped with linear and nonlinear seismic isolation systems to the aforementioned potential deviations is assessed in the context of a benchmark shear building under different earthquake records with near-fault and far-fault characteristics. The results put forth the degree of sensitivity of peak top floor acceleration and peak base displacement to superstructure parameters including mass, stiffness, and damping and isolation system parameters including stiffness, damping, yield strength, yield displacement, and post-yield to pre-yield stiffness ratio.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 1997

In order to monitor the content of heavy metals of soil and vegetable in the plastic film house, five hundred and twenty two soil, and 147 vegetable samples grown under plastic film house were collected for the analysis of heavy metals. The average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in surface soil were 0.208, 3.69, 2.49, 23.3 and 0.65mg/kg, respectively. Cu and Zn contents of the soil were higher than those values measured for upland soils in 1989, however, these contents were lower than "Countermeasure values" (Cd:4, Cu:125, Pb:300, and As:15mg/kg in soil) for soil contamination indicators described in Soil Environmental Conservation Act of Korea(1996). The contents of Cd, Cu and Zn increased with increasing years of cultivation. The contents of Cd, Cu, and Zn in soils received pig manure compost were higher than those received the poultry or barn yard manure compost. The average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in fresh vegetable plants ranged from 0.015 to 0.047, 0.341 to 0.802, 0.080 to 0.356, 1.08 to 8.04 and 0.021 to 0.059mg/kg, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2001

The house fly (Musca domestica L.) strains were derived from the Yumenoshima III strain by selecting with cypermethrin and methomyl for 19 and 16 generations, respectively. The resulting strains, cypermethrin resistance strain (Cyp-R19) and methomyl resistance strain (Met-R16), showed high level of resistance by 12906 and 51 times, respectively, comparing with the susceptible SRS strain. The Cyp-R19 strain was resistant to synthetic pyrethroids such as deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, $\beta$-cyfluthrin, showing > 11000, 1231, 103, 292 times higher $LD_{50}$ values than the SRS strain, respectively. It was also resistant to 3 organophosphates and 2 carbamates such as fenitrothion, profenofos, pyridaphenthion, benfuracarb, methomyl, showing resistance ratios fo 51, 17, 49, 39 and 62 comparing to SRS strain. The Met-R16 strain was resistant to synthetic carbamate benfuracarb, showing 6 times higher $LD_{50}$ value than SRS strain. It was also resistant to 4 organophosphates such as acephate, fenitrothion, profenofos and pyridaphenthion, showing > 40, 103, 19, 60 times higher $LD_{50}$ value. It was also resistant to 5 pyrethroids and a pyrrole such as cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, $\beta$-cyfluthrin and chlorfenapyr, showing 3030, 249, 4063, 34, 330 and 86 times higher $LD_{50}$ values than the SRS strain. Cyp-R14 strain which was selected for 14 generations by cypermethrin and developed 11014 times higher resistance to the SRS strain was used in the dominance and linkage group analysis. Cypermethrin resistance inheritance was incompletely dominant in house fly as judged by the reciprocal cross between the resistant and susceptible strains. The linkage group analysis for the major factors responsible for this resistance was carried out by the$ F_1$male-backcross method, using susceptible multi-chromosomal marker aabys strain. The major factors for cypermethrin resistance were located on the 1st, the 3rd and the 4th chromosomes, and the effect of the 3rd chromosome was most prominent.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1332-1340
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of a new three-dimensional (3D) MR fingerprinting (MRF) technique for the prostate gland by conducting phantom and clinical studies. Materials and Methods: The new 3D MRF technique used in this study enables quick data acquisition and has a high resolution. For the phantom study, the MRF T1 and T2 values in an in-house phantom were compared with those of goldstandard mapping methods using linear regression analysis. For the clinical study, we evaluated 90 patients who underwent prostate imaging with MRF for suspected prostate cancer between September 2019 and February 2020. The mean T1 and T2 values were compared in the peripheral zone, transition zone, and focal lesions using paired t tests. The differences in the T1 and T2 values according to cancer aggressiveness were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance. Results: In the phantom study, the MRF T1 and T2 values showed a perfect correlation with the gold-standard T1 and T2 values (R > 0.99). In the clinical study, the T1 and T2 values in the peripheral zone were significantly higher than those in the transitional zone (p < 0.001, both). The T1 and T2 values in prostate cancer were significantly lower than those in the peripheral and transitional zones. The higher the grade of cancer, the lower the T2 values. Conclusion: The T1 and T2 values obtained from the 3D MRF showed a perfect correlation with the gold standard values in the phantom study. Differences in the T1 and T2 values among the different zones of the prostate gland were identified using 3D MRF in patients.

• Solar Energy
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.31-43
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• 2000

A model house with a "Ondol" heating working with solar energy and supplied by circulation air was investigated both experimentally and theoretically, A calculation method was developed for interpreting the measured values and for comparing several variants, This calculation method together with the measurement result is presented in the following. The gain in energy of the collector(Trombe wall type with TWD) measured on a particularly selected winter day with plenty of radiation amounted to approximately 31 % of the total solar radiation.