• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.276-295
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• 2001

In this paper, Korean's dining-out behaviors were compared and investigated according to gender and age. The change and the problem of dietary pattern in Korea were understood and we intend to provide the basic information for guidelines of Korean's dietary habits. The subjects are composed of 46.5% male and 53.5% female. According to age, groups aged $10{\sim}19$ are 26.3%, 20's are 24.6%, 30's are 16.8%, 40's are 18.7%, and 50 and over age group is 13.6%. All of the age groups ate out for celebration of a special day or for social purposes. When dining-out, the most important criteria for selecting a restaurant was the taste of food. All age groups liked Korean-style restaurants the most. All age group eat a house meal at breakfast. At lunch, age groups 40 and below go to a restaurant in school or company and 50 and over age group eats house meal. In general, all age groups ate a house meal at dinner. At breakfast, all the age groups do not eat out. For lunch, they eat out four or five times a week. For dinner, the most of age groups except the 20's eat out two or three times a month and for the 20's age group, two or three times a week. The reason for selecting a Korean-style restaurant is that the food is 'well matched with one's appetite'. According to the above results, the dietary habits of 30 and over age groups are relatively good. On the other hand, in 10's and 20's age groups, they have an irregular meal and the ratio of skipping a meal is high. And they frequently use fast-food restaurants. In the future, the unbalance of nutrition in these age groups is expected. Therefore, the correct nutritional facts should be educated so that these age groups have a healthy dietary habit.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1994

Customary usage of oil at homes and rancidity of edible soybean oil by cooking frequency at homes and mass meal services were investigated. 80% of house wives bought the cooking oil by 1.8ι unit container and 70% of them read either the manufactured date or explanatory note for use. 85% of house wives kept oil in the storage case under sink or in the pantry chest, and 80% of oils were used once or twice and 20% used three times for cooking. Acid value(AV), iodine value(IV), peroxide value(POV), carbonyl value(CoV) and thiobarbituric acid value(TBAV) of fresh soybean oil were lower than standard level. In the rancidity by cooking frequency, the acid value, peroxide value, carbonyl value and thiobarbituric acid value increased significantly when oil was used once and iodine value decreased significantly when used once and twice at both mass meal services and homes. The level of the acid value, iodine value, carbonyl value and thiobarbituric acid value of oil used at mass meal services did not show significant difference from those of oil used at homes. But, the peroxide value of oil used thrice at mass meal services was significantly higher than those of homes.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to assess dietary intake obtained by easy method and to compare dietary behavior of house wife and female college students in Yanbian. The subjects consisted of 276 house wives and 228 female college students. Mean daily energy intake of house wives was 1926.0kcal and that of female college students was 1949.0kcal. Calcium intake as NAR(Nutrient adequacy ratio) was lowest in house wife and female college student. Iron intake was also low in subjects and lower in female college student than in house wife. Meal frequency per day was regular in subjects. Skipping meal time in subjects was breakfast and snaking time was late evening generally. Frequency of eating out was rare in most subjects and 60.6% of subjects preferred chinese food in eating out, while house wives preferred Korean food than female college student in eating out. The vegetables were preferred than meat or fish and used by fried in sauces. Hot and sour tastes were more like than greasy taste in subjects. Nutrient intake levels and dietary behaviors of house wife were to be like as those of female college students in general. BMI(Body mass index) was lower in female collage students than house wives, similarly in Korean. According to these results, house wives and female college students in Yanbian had similar dietary patterns. Calcium intake was tend to be low and dietary pattern was regular, dietary qualifies of subjects were adequate. Nutrient intake and dietary pattern in Yanbian were to be like as in Korean, and the Korean-Chinese in Yanbian maintained traditional dietary pattern.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2001

This study attempts to present a new interpretation of the Jeju province Waga, authorized as Jeju province Folklore, in the context of lifestyles of residents distinctive in the Jungji, Chatbang, and Gopang system. Study results uncovered that (1) only one Jungji, a traditional house kitchen, exists in one house boundary, in the form of detached building in the 4 units of Gaok (K-2 Gaok, K-3 Gaok, C-1 Gaok, and C-2 Gaok) (2) Chatbang had multifaced-functions; as a place for diet for mistress and children, a place for preparing meals for a mister who diet in the room, and as an auxiliary meal-preparation facility in time of domestic celebration day. (3) Gopang was mostly a place for grain storage, and K-3 Gaok has one unit, K-1 Gaok, C-1 Gaok, and C-2 Gaok had 2 units, and K-2 Gaok and H Gaok had 3 untis of Gopang. (4) Jungji and Chatbang were correlated for meal preparation and diet while activity-line of flow was divided each other. (5) Jungji and Gopang were located at the opposite edges of of each house, revealing no consideration of indoor activities. (6) The ratios of space of Jungji, Chatbang and Gopang out of the whole house space were, average 23% in the case of Jungji located in the inner house, and average 37% in the case of Jingji located in the detached building, average 14% larger in the case of detached Jungji system.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.63-82
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• 2009

본 논문은 지렁이를 이용한 계분처리 그리고 지렁이를 이용한 계육 및 계란의 생산과 안전성에 관한 연구에 대해서 정리하였다. 1. 대구교육대학교 내 지렁이가 계분을 양질의 물질로 전환시키는 친환경 계사가 만들어졌다. 2. 높은 단백질 함량과 균형 잡힌 아미노산 및 양질의 지방산을 포함하는 지렁이 분말은 단위동물의 사료원으로 최상이다. 3. 육계의 사료 중 $0.2{\sim}0.4%$의 지렁이 분말의 첨가는 사료 중 단백질 소화율을 개선시켜서 생산성을 증가시켰다. 4. 산란계에서의 지렁이 분말 $0.2{\sim}0.6%$ 첨가는 산란성적을 개선시켰으며, 계란의 질 특히 난황중의 n-6/n-3의 균형을 개선시켰다. 5. 지렁이 분말 중에 As, Cd, Cr, Hg 및 Pb 등의 중금속이 소량 검출되었으나 이 지렁이 분말을 사료첨가제로 먹고 생산된 계육과 계란에서는 상기에 제시한 중금속이 검출되지 않았다. 그러므로 지렁이 분말을 첨가제로 생산된 계육과 계란은 중금속의 축적에서 안전하다고 할 수 있다. 5. 본 연구에서는 지렁이는 친환경 축산에도 매우 중요한 소재로 활용가능하다는 것을 시사하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1445-1450
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• 2012

A study was conducted to evaluate effects of alfalfa meal on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development of growing layer ducks to provide evidence for application of alfalfa meal in the duck industry. Two hundred and fifty-six healthy Shaoxing 7-wk old growing layer ducks were selected and randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments based on corn and soybean meal and containing 0, 3, 6, and 9% of alfalfa meal for 8 wks. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates of 16 ducks each. Briefly, birds were raised in separate compartments, and each compartment consisted of three parts: indoor floor house, adjacent open area and a connecting water area. The results showed: i) Growing ducks fed alfalfa meal diet were not significantly different in average daily gain, feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio from those fed no alfalfa diet (p>0.05). ii) Alfalfa meal increased the ratio crop, gizzard to live weight, caecum to live weight, the caecum index of growing ducks (p<0.05). iii) Villus height in duodenum and jejunum of growing ducks increased significantly with the increase of alfalfa meal levels (p<0.05). Crypt depth in duodenum and jejunum of growing ducks decreased significantly with the increase of alfalfa meal levels (p<0.05). This experiment showed that feeding of alfalfa meal to growing layer ducks could improve gastrointestinal tract growth and small intestinal morphology without effect on performance. This experiment provides evidence that alfalfa meal is a very valuable feedstuff for growing layer ducks.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.398-412
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify a relationship between housework hours and fatigue level in middle-aged women. The subjects were 204 women living in Seoul and near the city, ranging in ages of 30-59(mean = 41.6 year) and were interviewed during the month of Oct. to Dec. 1999. The following questionnaires were utilized in this study: a self reporting housework time measurement table and a fatigue symptom scale originated from Yoshitake (1978). The analysis of the data was done by SAS program, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Total mean hours of housework of the subjects were shown 9.2 hours on weekdays and 8.9 hours on weekend. Mean hours according to the area of houseworks on weekdays and on weekend were preparing and providing meal 3.9 and 4.2, doing laundry and maintaining clothes 3.1 and 1.6, keeping and maintaining house 1.6 and 1.4, caring family 1.3 and 1.2, and keeping household records 0.5 both. 2. With respect to the general characteristics of the subjects, there were significantly difference in age, job, religion, type of family, number of children, experience of present and previous illness, and perceived body size. 3. Average fatigue scores of the subjects were 16.6 of total score 60. Fatigue scores by the area were neuroperceptive fatigue 6.5, mental fatigue 5.2, and physical fatigue 4.9 in order. There were significantly differences in the score of fatigue by religion, number of family, present illness, and perception of body size. 4. There were significantly positive relationships in the scores of fatigue with the total hours of housework, preparing and providing meal, doing laundry and maintaining clothes, keeping and maintaining house, and caring family. 5. The physical fatigue scores were positively related with the areas of preparing and providing meal, doing laundry and maintaining clothes. While the mental fatigue scores were positively related the areas of preparing and providing meal, caring family, and keeping and maintaining house, and neuroperceptive fatigue scores were positively related with the areas of keeping and maintaining house and caring family. The recommendations from this study were further studies to investigate how middle-aged women manage their fatigue level, increase public awareness of middle aged women's fatigue level, and develop programs for middle-aged women to help with high fatigue.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2006

This research is the survey result of the retirement house in Ochiai area that is a famous as mountain village of Japan. This area is being formed in a steep slope and be arranged the building long a side along the contour line. As for the plan type of a main house 'the middle bedroom three-madori(bay) type' and 'the parallel two madori(bay) type' occupy many. As for in the retirement custom of Ochiai area the independence family style (separation/ separate meal/separate household economy) is a principle and a parents family builds the retirement house and move out. The plan. of the retirement house is two-room type of 'Omote(public room) and Uchi(kitchen and living room)' and agree with the plane prototype 'plan constitution of a necessary minimum' of farmhouse of this area. The reconstruction that the retirement house is remodeled handily with a main home, especially intend the convenience of the life such as a kitchen and toilet has been done. The retirement custom has been succeeded thoroughly until recent years in this area. However, this traditional custom is seeing the end, without there is the successor of a main house with depopulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.980-983
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• 2004

A 16 week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacement of soybean meal (SM) by extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) on laying performance and haemoglobin levels in practical diets for breeder Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). One hundred ninety two quails (6 weeks old) were divided randomly into eight groups. The diets were isocaloric containing 2,900 kcal/kg of ME and isonitrogenous (% 20 crude protein) as fed basis. SM was replaced by 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0 and 17.5% of CSM, respectively. Average egg production (quail day, %; quail house, %), egg weight (g), daily feed intake (g/bird), feed efficiency ratio (g feed/g egg) data indicated no significant differences among the treatments; while, blood haemoglobin levels (% g Hb) of 7th (15.0% CSM) and 8th (17.5% CSM) group were lower than the control (0% CSM) diet (p<0.05). This experiment indicated that 17.5% CSM could replace SM (providing 44% of SM protein) in practical diets of breeder Japanese quails without any significant impairment on laying performance.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.72-76
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• 1998

일반토양과 시설재배지 토양을 공시하여 1l 광구병에 토양 600g씩 충진하고 토양 1kg당 양송이퇴비, 계분퇴비, 돈분퇴비, 어분퇴비를 각각 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50g상당량을 시용하였다, 온도를 10, 20, 30, $40^{\circ}C$로 조절하고 중류수를 토양 1kg당 50, 100, 200, 300ml 첨가하여 각 처리별 아황산가스 발생량을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 아황산가스 발생량은 황함량이 적은 양송이퇴비, 계분퇴비 및 돈분퇴비에서는 적었으나 황함량이 많은 어분퇴비 처리구에서는 10g/kg처리에서 부터 매우 큰 차이로 증가 되었다. 어분퇴비처리구는 10g이하에서도 시 용량증가에 따라서 아황산가스 발생량이 현저히 증가되었고, 황함량이 적은 일반토양보다 황 함량이 많은 시설재배지 토양에서 가스발생량이 높았다. 아황산가스 발생량은 온도가 높을수록 증가되었으며, 수분 처리별로는 150ml 첨가구에서 가장 많이 발생되었다.