• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.193-199
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• 2015

Recently the artificial intelligence green house system, which collects automatically the informations of plants cultivation circumstances and controls the growing circumstances, is studied using temperature, humidity and illuminance sensors. In this paper, the inference for plants cultivation of optimum circumstance conditions is simulated on the internet bases by predicting the temperature, humidity and illuminance. On the IOT circumstances, the plant cultivation conditions of temperature, humidity and illuminance, using Arduino sensor, are transmitted to the manager on realtime and if the optimum condition of temperature and humidity for plant cultivation is not equal to the values, the system transmits automatically the SMS warning messages on realtime. Although the sudden climite conditions(snow, rain, hot weather) are occurred, the optimum condition of plant cultivation can be controlled. In this paper, using Fuzzy rules and WEKA TOOL, although the same flora temperature zone is used, the simulation is produced for the optimum value of temperature, humidity and illuminance for the zone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.172-181
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop functional lab gowns in the view of safety and work efficiency. As the first step of this study, we surveyed on satisfaction rates, preferences and inconvenience items in regard of lab gowns. The data was obtained from 138 graduate students specialized in science and 113 medical students. Respondents answered that the first purpose of wearing lab gown was to protect body from danger. Wearing frequency followed with ‘always’, ‘as possible as’, and then ‘sometimes’. Forty-five percentage of respondents answered that they didn't wear lab gowns often in summer because of hot weather. The contaminated or damaged parts of lab gowns followed with cuffs, abdomen, thigh, lower part, and then chest. Washing frequency followed with ‘once a month’, ‘once per six months’, and then ‘more than once a week’ There were significant differences in normal wearing frequency, wearing frequency by season and washing frequency due to major. There were no significant difference by sex and major in all questions. In regard of the protective capacity of current lab gowns, most respondents answered that ‘It's normal’(60%), ‘It's enough’(21%), so that they didn't show much dissatisfaction. Forty-three percentage of respondents were not satisfied with cuffs. Respondents answered that the cuffs were in danger and inconvenient because of broad cuffs. In regard of color, preference for white were high and followed with ivory, light sky, light green. and then light pink. Materials of current lab gowns were cotton/polyester or polyester 100%. Sixty-eight percentage of respondents were satisfied with that and others were not. The reasons for dissatisfactions were as follows; those materials were not protective to chemicals thoroughly enough. Cotton/polyester materials were heavy. Wearing sensation of polyester 100% was not good.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2007

In the present experiment, fly ash application to soil generally improved soil pH condition. The improvement of soil pH was greater with bituminous fly ash than with anthracite fly ash. Treatment of fly ash also made available phosphate content increased. But phosphate content in cultivated tomato plants was in inverse proportion to content in soil due to high pH of experimental soil as well as hot and dry weather. Amount of phosphate in plants had a strong positive effect on the yield of tomato. Number and weight of harvested fruits was greatest from July 21 to July 30, the time considered as peak harvesting period of second fruit truss. In conclusion, the application of fly ash improved physico-chemical properties of experimental soil.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.293-304
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• 2006

Sea water samples collected in August, 1994 from 20 stations in the Kwangyang Bay were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) to investigate persistence and distribution pattern of four organophosphorus pesticides (DDVP, Diazinon, IBP, EDDP). Except for IBP, the contamination by DDVP, Diazinon, and EDDP in marine aquatic environment in Korea has not been reported previously. In this study, however, all these four pesticides were detected in all stations (except DDVP) and their concentrations were in ng/L level. The concentrations ranged from detection limit to 15.3ng/L for DDVP, 1.8-27.7ng/L for Diazinon, 7.3-63.5ng/L for IBP, and 22.2-1100.1ng/L for EDDP. It is noteworthy that the measured concentrations of IBP and EDDP in this study would be much lower than usual, since the use of IBP and EDDP was less than 50% of average annual consumption due to unusually dry and hot weather condition in the summer of 1994. It was very surprising to find that the highest concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides were observed at stations near Daesa Streamlet instead of Seomjin River, which has more point source of the pesticides. This result suggests that the small river discharge during heavy ram period in summer can give harmful effect on marine biota (both wild and aqua-cultured) with its organophosphorus pesticide residue, despite of their short residence time in aquatic environment. In order to protect the marine life properly from acute toxicity of the organophosphorus pesticides, it needs to be emphasized that monitoring the level of agricultural pesticides in river run-off should be done during active consumption period rather at regular intervals.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02c
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• pp.150-151
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• 2008

With the proliferation of vehicles and advancement of Information Technology, the technology of Telematics, which provides valuable services to people by collecting and analyzing the information from drivers, vehicles and Telematics environments (e.g. traffic information, road condition, weather information, etc.), has been a hot research area in IT and automotive recently. As the information technology revolution brings more and more assistance for driver information processing becomes increasing important. Therefore, drivers' workload is very essential factor for safety driving in Telematics environment. For managing drivers' workload effectively, ETRI haven been developing vehicle and driver management system which can collect data from drivers and vehicle in realtime and analyze the data to manage drivers' and vehcles' status since 2007. This technology will apply to commercial vehicle telematics such as texi or truck management system in the future for increasing driving safety. In this presentation, I would like to explain what we had developed so far and discuss future direction.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.21-27
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• 2008

In this study, the design of the solar heating system for district heating as well as it's operating characteristics and the performance analysis was carried out. This solar district heating system was composed of two different types of solar collector circuit, flat plate and vacuum tube solar collector, in a system. This system supply constant temperature of hot water without solar buffer tank. For this, the proportional(variable flow rate) control was used. The experimental facility for this study was used the Bundang district solar heating system which was installed in the end of 2006. The operating characteristics and behaviour of each collector circuits are investigated especially for the system design and control. The yearly solar thermal efficiency is 47.5% on the basis of aperture area and 39.8% on the basis of gross area of collector. As a result this solar heating system without solar buffer tank and with proportional controller was testified a very effective and simplified system for district heating. It varied especially depend on the weather condition like as solar radiation and ambient temperature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.519-526
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• 2019

Objective: We determined the risk factors limiting first service conception (FSC) rate in dairy cows and their economic impact. Methods: Data were collected from 790 lactations regarding cow parity, peri- and postpartum disorders, body condition score (BCS), reproductive performance, and expenses associated with reproductive management (treatment, culling, and others). Initially, we identified the risk factors limiting FSC rate in dairy cows. Various biological and environmental factors, such as herd, cow parity, BCS at 1 month postpartum and first artificial insemination (AI), resumption of cyclicity within 1 month of calving, year, AI season, insemination at detected estrus or timed AI, peri- and postpartum disorders, and calving to first AI interval, were evaluated. Next, we evaluated the economic impact of the success or failure of FSC by comparing the expense associated with reproductive management until conception between cows that did or did not conceive at their first service. Results: Cows with BCS <3.0 had a lower probability of conceiving at first insemination (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, p<0.05) than cows with $BCS{\geq}3.0$. Cows inseminated during summer were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.44, p<0.001) than cows inseminated during spring. Cows with peri- or postpartum disorders were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.55, p<0.001) than cows without disorders. Survival curves generated using MedCalc showed an 81 day extension in the mean interval between calving and conception in cows that failed to conceive over those that did conceive at first insemination. Cows failing conceive required additional expenditure on reproductive treatment ($55.40) and other management ($567.00) than cows that conceived at first insemination. Conclusion: Lower BCS, hot weather at first insemination, and peri- and postpartum disorders are risk factors limiting FSC, which result in an economic loss of $622.40 per dairy cow.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.57-69
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• 2022

This study analyzes the fuel conditions and environmental effects of converting heating in rural villages that rely on fossil fuels into wood fuel. In particular, we tried to derive the most important considerations when using wooden chips as fuel in aging agricultural villages where various variables such as weather, facility characteristics, fuel quality, and maintenance capabilities work. Above all, an experiment was conducted by comparing it with oak trees to determine whether Italian poplar, a representative attribute water created to supply fuel wood in Korea, is suitable for heating fuel. Through experiments, 1) Even though the supply of poplar wood chips during 10 hours of operation was 60.74 kg less than that of hardwood chips, the production of hot water was 140 kWh higher. 2) The higher the exhaust gas temperature, the proportional (increase) oxygen concentration and inversely (decrease) PM and CO emissions. 3) Poplar has twice as much ash content as hardwood and three times more fine dust has been detected, but it meets all the standards for wood quality at the Korea Forest Science Institute. 4) Under the condition that there is a difference in water content (7.7%), hardwood cost 1.13 times more wood chips per 1 MWh than poplar, and even if the water content is corrected equally, hardwood cost 1.05 times more per 1 MWh than poplar. 5) In conclusion, it was proved that the fuel possibility, economic possibility, and environmental possibility of poplar wood chips are sufficient.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.9
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• pp.799-807
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to determine and propose the by-pass rainwater sewer system in order to reduce the urban floodplain from the locality heavy rain every year during the dry season and the sinkholes in the city as well as the shortage of groundwaters due to extreme hot weather condition and urban heat island phenomenon. Heavy rain occurs more than the years of heavy rainfall probability, comparison between the place where uses the existing pipes and connect the sewer system with by-pass rain permeability and without expanding sewer pipe replacement at intersection of Gangnam station 3.07 ha at Gangnam-gu, Seoul Metropolitan area, it indicates that average of 27 million KRW (44%) maintenance cost savings and maintain existing sewer system without any other countermeasures. For the city flooded reduction, by-pass rainwater permeable rainwater pipe multiplying the probability the number of years during summer season and increase the water flow capacity during spring and fall when a small amount of rain that, it also contribute to the total amount of underground water secured through the by-pass penetration.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2000

Two Psyllidae species of Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster) and C. pyrisuga (Foerster)damaging pear trees have been reported in Korea. However, their ecological characteristics and damagepatterns have not been evaluated yet. To establish basic control measures of C. pyricola, field phenology,overwintering ecology, seasonal fluctuation and temperature-dependent development of C. pyricola wereexamined. C. pyricola overwintered under the bark scale of pear trees as winter form adults and theymoved to fruiting twigs from mid-February. Honeydew produced by C. pyricola nymphs and adults asthey feed caused serious black sooty mold on leaves and fruits. The seasonal occurrence of C. pyricolawas different every year. In 1993, characterized by cold temperature and heavy precipitation, C. pyricolapopulation was maintained highly during growing season. However, the population was decreased rapidlyfrom early July in 1994, year of hot and dry weather condition. In 1995, year of average temperature, thedensity of C. pyricola population was decreased during hot months of July and August, and rebuilt up inSeptember and October. The development periods of C. pyricola eggs were 13.33 days at 15"C, 9.32 daysat 20$^{\circ}$C, 7.82 days at 25"C, 6.60 days at 30$^{\circ}$C, and 7.75 days at 35$^{\circ}$C. The development periods ofnymphs were 33.75 days at 15OC, 23.77 days at 20$^{\circ}$C, 15.21 days at 25"C, and 17.40 days at 30$^{\circ}$C. Theirdevelopment periods and mortalities were increased in higher temperatures. The parameters of nonlineardevelopment model, Weibull and linear development models of Cacopsylla pyricola were estimated.models of Cacopsylla pyricola were estimated.