• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.893-894
• /
• 2012

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1331-1332
• /
• 2011

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제20권8호
• /
• pp.540-547
• /
• 2011

Recent years have seen advent of hot stamped parts made from laser-welded blanks of boron steels for structures requiring high crash energy absorption. However, the presence of Al-Si coating interfered with satisfactory mechanical characterizations after laser butt welding. In this study, laser ablation technology was considered in order to facilitate adequate mechanical characterization of the final hot-stamped panels.

• 대한금속재료학회지
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.455-462
• /
• 2012

Al-Si coated boron steel and Zn coated DP steel plates were laser-welded to manufacture a Tailor Welded Blank (TWB) for a car body frame. Hot-stamping heat treatment ($900^{\circ}C$, 5 min) was applied to the TWB weld, and the microstructural change and transformation mechanism were investigated in the Al-rich area near the bond line of the Al-Si coated steel side. There was Al-rich area with a single phase, $Fe_3(Al,Si)$, which was transformed to ${\alpha}-Fe$ (Ferrite) after the heat treatment. It could be explained that the $Fe_3(Al,Si)$ phase was transformed to ${\alpha}-Fe$ during heat treatment at $900^{\circ}C$ for 5 min and the resultant ${\alpha}-Fe$ phase was not transformed by rapid cooling. Before the heat treatment, the microstructures around the $Fe_3(Al,Si)$ phase consisted of martensite, bainite and ${\alpha}-Fe$ while they were transformed to martensite and ${\delta}-Fe$ after the heat treatment. Due to the heat treatment, Al was diffused to the $Fe_3(Al,Si)$ and this resulted in an increase of Al content to 0.7 wt% around the Al-rich area. If the weld was held at $900^{\circ}C$ for 5 min it was transformed to a mixture of austenite (${\gamma}$) and ${\delta}-Fe$, and only ${\gamma}$ was transformed to the martensite by water cooling while the ${\delta}-Fe$ was remained unchanged.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.130-134
• /
• 2016

Due to the need for advanced technologies in the automotive industry, the demand for lighter and safer vehicles has increased. Even though various nonferrous metals, like Aluminum, Magnesium and also Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP), have been implemented in the automotive industry, a lot of technical research and development is still focused on ferrous metals. In particular, the market volume of High Strength Steel (HSS) parts and Ultra High Strength Steel (UHSS) by hot press forming parts has expanded significantly in all countries' automotive industries. A new tool steel, High Thermal-Conductivity Tool Steel (HTCS), for stamping punches and dies has been developed and introduced by Rovalma Company (Spain), and it is able to support better productivity and quality during hot press forming. The HTCS punches and dies could help to reduce cycle time due to their high thermal conductivity, one of the major factors in hot press forming operation. In this study, test dies were manufactured in order to verify the high thermal conductivity of HTCS material compared to SKD6. In addition, thermal deformation was inspected after the heating and cooling process of hot press forming. After heating and cooling, the test dies were measured by a 3D scanner and compared with the original geometry. The results showed that the thermal deformation and distortion were very small even though the cooling time was reduced by 2 seconds.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.74-80
• /
• 2016

This study presents a thermal device specially designed for thermal nanoimprint lithography equipments, which requires the capability of rapid heating and cooling, high temperature uniformity and the material strength to endure high stamping pressure. The proposal to meet these requirements is a planar-type hot plate extensible to a large area, in which long circular cartridge heaters and heat pipes are installed inside in parallel. The heat pipes are connected to the outside water cooling chamber. A hot plate made of stainless steel is fabricated with a dimension $240mm{\times}240mm{\times}20mm$. Laboratory experiments are conducted to examine the thermal performance of the hot plate. The results illustrate that the employment of heat pipes leads to a notable enhancement of temperature uniformity in the device and provides an efficient heat delivery from the hot plate to outside. It is verified that the suggested hot plate could be a feasible thermal tool for thermal nanoimprint lithography, satisfying the major design requirements.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2010

In this study, fundamental experiment was conducted with various strength of UHSS (Ultra High Strength Steel) by $CO_2$ laser. And then, butt and lap joint laser welding with boron alloyed steel and Al-Si coated boron alloy steel have been done by changing laser beam feature, existence of gap and existence of coating layer to know welding characteristics of those materials. As a result, in case of fundamental experiment with various strength steel, hardening was found in the weld metal of all tested materials and softening was found at the heat affected zone of SGAFC 1180. In case of laser butt welding of UHSS, mechanical properties was improved by using small laser beam diameter and Al-Si coating layer caused fracture of weld metal. In case of laser lap welding of UHSS, Al-Si coating layer resulted in formation of intermetallic compound at the fusion boundary where fracture occurred. Al-Si coating layer caused lowering mechanical properties of weld metal.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.181-189
• /
• 2016

The variation in microstructure and mechanical properties during heat treatment was examined in a series of 0.27% C-1.0% Si-1.5% Mn steels with chromium contents in the range of 0 to 1.0 wt%. It was found that chromium decreased the martensite packet size through the austenite grain refinement and increased tensile strength in the as-quenched steel, about 70 MPa per 1.0 wt%. The 0.27% C-1.0% Si-1.5% Mn-1.0% Cr steel showed tensile strength of 1700 MPa in the as-quenched steel. The 0.27% C-1.0% Si-1.5% Mn-1.0% Cr steel revealed a full martensitic structure after air cooling from $900^{\circ}C$ to room temperature, showing air hardening characteristics. Tempering at $150^{\circ}C$ slightly decreased the tensile strength and increased elongation, which is in a good agreement with impact toughness result.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.117-126
• /
• 2017

The variation in microstructure and mechanical properties during heat treatment was examined in a series of 0.27% C-1.5% Mn-1.0% Cr steels with silicon contents in the range of 0 to 1.0 wt%. It was found that addition of 0.5%~1.0% silicon increased both tensile strength and impact toughness through solid solution strengthening and microstructural refinement. 0.27% C-1.0% Si-1.5% Mn-1.0% Cr steel showed tensile strength of 1,700 MPa in the as-quenched condition and the steel revealed a full martensitic structure even after air cooling from $900^{\circ}C$ to room temperature, showing air hardening characteristics. Tempering at $150^{\circ}C$ which corresponds to the typical paint-baking temperature after painting of body in white, slightly decreased the tensile strength and increased elongation, but substantially increased the impact toughness compared to the as-quenched steel.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2018

본 논문은 흔히 핫스탬핑 공법으로 알려진 냉각수로가 있는 핫폼 금형의 설계 데이터를 신속히 생성하는 지원 시스템 개발에 초점을 둔다. 현장에서의 핫폼 금형의 설계조건과 설계 프로세스 분석을 통해 설계지원 시스템의 핵심기능들을 도출하고, 이를 기반한 새로운 핫폼 금형의 설계 프로세스를 제안 한다. 개발한 설계 지원 시스템은 핫폼 금형의 3차원 형상 모델과 2차원 도면을 생성하는 두 개의 모듈로 구성된다. 핫폼 금형의 3D 모델링 자동화 모듈은 CATAI V5 Knowledgeware를 기반한 CATAI 템플릿 모델 형태로 구현하였다. 이 모듈은 성형 곡면형상, STEEL(금형 Product를 구성하는 파트) 개수와 냉각수로의 개수에 대응하여 냉각수로를 포함한 핫폼금형의 3D 모델을 자동으로 생성한다. 또한 냉각수로의 위치와 자세를 편집하는 기능과 성형곡면과 냉각수로 사이의 거리에 대한 구속조건 만족여부를 판별하는 기능을 제공한다. 두 번째 모듈인 2D 가공도면을 자동 생성하는 모듈은 CAA(CATIA SDK)와 Visual C++를 활용하여 CATIA CAD시스템에 이식 가능한 플러그인 형태로 개발 하였다. 제안하는 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위해 사용자 정의 시나리오 기반 소프트웨어 테스트를 수행하였다. 실험결과 제안하는 방법은 수작업 기반의 전통적인 방법에 비해 설계 오류 없이 약 29배 빠르게 핫폼 금형 3D모델과 홀테이블을 포함하는 가공도면을 생성하였다.