• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.27-27
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• 2015

Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) is a serious agricultural problem affecting Brassica crop production worldwide. It also infects the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. During infection, this biotrophic pathogen manipulates the development and metabolism of its host leading to the development of galls in the root and hypocotyl. In turn, its own development is strongly influenced by the host. The aim of this study is to investigate the metabolism of clubroot-infected plants using a combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. We have used direct injection mass spectrometry to obtain a metabolic fingerprint of when changes in the metabolome occur and linked this with changes in host and pathogen gene expression. We have identified alterations in carbohydrate metabolism that occur during P. brassicae infection of A. thaliana plants. Transcriptomic analysis showed that host genes associated with sugar transport and metabolism were induced during gall formation and that the pathogen also expresses genes associated with these processes. We have examined the impact of inactivating host sucrose synthase, cytosolic invertase and sugar permeases on gall formation, identifying host genes that are required for gall formation. We have also explored how sugar status is changed in root tissue, developing and mature leaf during infection of wild type and mutant plants.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1385-1394
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• 2014

Metcalfa pruinosa was considered to be a very harmful invasive species, due to its high species density in nature and wide range of its host plants. M. pruinosa was distributed in 28 sites among 143 sites. M. pruinosa has wide range and diverse host plants of 52 families 110 species including crop, fruits and forest trees. At present, the identified host plant of M. pruinosa are composed of 62 families and 145 species in total since their first appearance was reported. M. pruinosa was found in roadside 46.7%, followed by forests 33.3% and orchard 20%. Nymphs and adults cause damage to crop and orchard by sucking juice, outbreak of fungi through secretion of wax, and reduction of plant assimilation due to the nectar of nymphs. Also, it reduces the merchantable quality of fruits and thus causes economic damage. It is judged that M. pruinosa has been moved along major road via the traffic vehicles.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2002

The protection of silkworm and its host plants from various kinds of pests parasite and predator is a chronic problem in sericulture. Silkworms and its primary food plants are heavily damaged by large number of pest. The major pests of primary tasar food plants (Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia tomentosa) are the gall insect (Trioza fletcheri minor). Various species of aphids (Eutrichosiphum sp.) have been recorded to damage oak tasar food plants whereas muga silkworm host plants (Machilus bombycina and Litsaea polyantha) are generally attacked by stem bores (Zeuzera multistrigata). Castor (Ricinus communis) is one of the primary host plant of eri silkworm and extensive damage is caused by the castor white fly (Trialeurodes ricini). Insects pests are major enemies of silkworms. Parasites (Blepharipa zebina, Exorista bombycis, Apateles glomeratus), predators (Canthecona furcellata, Sycanus collaris, Hierodulla bipapilla), wasps (Vespa orientalix) and ants (Oecophylla smargdina) continues to cause damage to silk industry. It is estimated that the losses due to parasites and predators are to an extent of 15-20 percent and varies from crop to crop. The complexities in the behaviour and life cycle of pest population existing in semi ecosystem warrant a special attention for their effective management specially in changing scenario for our modern sericulture. Though use of synthetic insecticides has provided us with effective control of almost all major pests and predators, yet their undesirable side effects limit their continued use. Biological control is one of the most important method which can be used to control the pests, parasites and predators population in sericulture. Various potential parasitoids, which can be utilized as an agent of biological control in sericulture have been screened. The natural enemies of the uzi fly (E. bombycis and B. zebina ) are already present in the nature. Nesolynx thymus, Trichria sp., Splangia endius, Dirhinus sp., Trichopria sp., Trichomalopsis apanteloctena and Pediobius sp. are the major parasitoids effective against uzi fly pupa. The scelionid Psix striaticeps and Trissolcus sp. are the Potential egg Parasitoids against stink bug (Canthecona furcellata). Various other native natural potential parasitoids have been screened and suitable strategies have been developed to check the population of pest insect in sericulture.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.575-582
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• 1996

Molipteryx fuliginosa (Uhler, 1860) is a plant juice sucker which feeds on new tips of Rubus oldhami Miquel and Zelkowa serrata Makino, and it has a strong preference for teses two plants in Korea. M. fuliginosa has one generation a year and hibernates as a young adult. Most of the winter survivors emerge in early May. It is the first time their host plants were found and reported. Females mainly lay their eggs one by one separately on the leaves of R. oldhami, and even on the steel wire, the lid guaze and the ground in the laboratory. Nymphs do not gather, but stay on the hatching site, Nymphs except the non-feeding first instar feed on young shoots. From the second to the fifth instar nymphs migrate to the upper part of the shoot and congregate in part on an expanded leaf. The new adults first appeared on 11 August, and remained in the host plant, and fed on until mid October. The duration of the hatching and molting, and the survivorship curve based on the laboratory rearing were determined.

• Mycobiology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.115-118
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• 2000

To determine the degree of variability among the host plant species in their abilities to become colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), the inoculum for AMF was collected from the various sites in Korea and was inoculated to the three horticultural plants; Tagetes patula, Torenia fournieri, and Salvia splendens. After 4-month growth under greenhouse, mycorrhizal root colonization rates and spore density were measured. The roots of T. patula showed higher colonization rate than both plants of T. fournieri and Salvia splendens. The mycorrhizal root colonization was influenced by both of the AM fungal inoculum and the host species or their interactions. The combination of the host and fungal species was suggested to be important for the application of AMF to horticultural crops.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.24-33
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• 1967

Fifty-two specimens of the infected plants were collected from areas through the country during the year of 1965. We report here 14 unrecorded specoes which were identified in this work. The results are as follows: 1. Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. (Host: Artemisia princeps PAMPAN. var. orien-talls HARA.) 2. Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. (Host: Plantago sp.) 3. Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. (Host: Sonchus oleraceus L.) 4. Erysiphe pisi DE CANDOLLE. (Host: Lespedeza sp.) 5. Erysiphe polygoni DE CANDOLLE. (Host: Clematis patens MORR et DECAIS.) 6. Microsphaera alphitoides GRIFFITHS et MAUBLANCE (Uncinula bifurcata GERARD.) (Host: Quercus serrate GERARD) 7. Microsphaera baumleri MAGNUS. (Host: Robinia pseud-acacia L.) 8. Microsphaera coryli HOMMA. (Host: Corylus heterophylla FISCH. var. japonica KOIDZUMI) 9. Podosphaera tridactyla (WALLROTH) DE BARY. (Host: Prunus leveilleana KOEHN. var. typica NAKAI) 10. Sphaerotheca fuliginea (SCHLECHTENDAHL) POLLACI. (Host: Impatiens balsamina L.) 11. Sphaerotheca fuliginea (SCHLECHTENDAHL) POLLACI. (Host: Zinnia elegans JACQ) 12. Uncinula aceris SACCARDO (Host: Acer negundo L.) 13. Uncinula fraxini MIYABE(U. salmon SYDOW) (Host: Fraxinus rhynchophyllus HANCE.) 14. Uncinula salicis (DE CANDOLLE) WINTER. (Host: Salix gracilistyla MIQ.)

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.450-458
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• 2020

Pepper and tomato plants infected with two Clavibacter species, C. capsici and C. michiganensis have shown different patterns of disease development depending on their virulence. Here, we investigated how pepper and tomato plants respond to infection by the high-virulent or low-virulent Clavibacter strains. For this, we chose two strains of each Clavibacter species to show different virulence level in the host plants. Although low-virulent strains showed less disease symptoms, they grew almost the same level as the high-virulent strains in both plants. To further examine the response of host plants to Clavibacter infection, we analyzed the expression patterns of plant defense-related genes in the leaves inoculated with different strains of C. capsici and C. michiganensis. Pepper plants infected with high-virulent C. capsici strain highly induced the expression of CaPR1, CaDEF, CaPR4b, CaPR10, and CaLOX1 at 5 days after inoculation (dai), but their expression was much less in low-virulent Clavibacter infection. Expression of CaSAR8.2 was induced at 2 dai, regardless of virulence level. Expression of GluA, Pin2, and PR2 in tomato plants infected with high-virulent C. michiganensis were much higher at 5 dai, compared with mock or low-virulent strain. Expression of PR1a, Osmotin-like, Chitinase, and Chitinase class 2 was increased, regardless of virulence level. Expression of LoxA gene was not affected by Clavibacter inoculation. These results suggested that Clavibacter infection promotes induction of certain defense-related genes in host plants and that differential expression of those genes by low-virulent Clavibacter infection might be affected by their endophytic lifestyle in plants.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1087-1095
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• 2012

The investigation was made about distribution and ecological characteristics of host plant for Phellinus linteus at habitats in Gangwon-Do. The habitats of P. linteus are the place where the fog is much generated and there is lots of the moisture. The flora of the vascular plants in P. linteus habitats were consisted of 76 taxa; 62 species, 10 varieties and 4 formas of 62 genera of 40 families. The plants of infiltration type were found 70% around P. linteus habitats. This results shows that the natural environments of P. linteus habitat is very stable condition. The categories of vegetation were classified into two types. The host plant for P. linteus appeared 61.6% from Populus tomentiglandulosa. The first type showed up above the sea about 600m and west exposure region. The second type was investigated around the facing north region of the steep slope-land.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1994

본 연구는 국화 해충인 노린재류의 종류 및 그 우점종인 애긴노린재(Nysius plebeius Distant)의 기주범위 및 방제에 대하여 진주와 마산 지역에서 수행되었다.국화 가해노린재류의 종류는 4과 5종이 조사되었고, 그중 애긴노린재가 80.6%로 우점종이었다. 궁화재배포장 주위에 분포한 애긴노린재의 기주식물의 종류는 20종이었고 이중 우점기주는 구화류, 이타리안라이그라스, 실망초 및 양딸기 등이었다. 노지지배 국화 품종별 애긴노린재의 발생 및 피해범위는 고시된 37개 품종 모두가 피해를 입었으며 그 피해시기는 주로 8월에서 10월 사이였다. 애긴노린재에 대한 효과적인 방제적기는 8월초순부터 10일간격으로 3~4회 방재하는 것이 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2013

Berries of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum [Kom.] Ohwi) contained one seed, which have, in general, one or two embryos but very rarely three embryos. Mucilaginous substances in berries may help them adhere to the branches of host trees. It was observed that seeds need more than one and half years to develop into normal and healthy seedlings from the time of inoculation. Many factors such as adhesion of berry, thickness of host branch, orientation of haustorial root, etc. influenced the successful development of mistletoe plants. Through the application of six-year observation results on the germination of seeds and growth of seedlings, about 80% of germination rate for mistletoe seeds and 61% of survival ratio for germinated seeds, which is more than 23 times higher in natural conditions, were obtained after inoculation of seeds on the one-year-old branches of Malus pumila var. dulcissima and Quercus mongolica trees. The technological aspects of the success can be applied to other host plants and provide a critical clue to an artificial propagation system, for this medicinally valuable genus. This is the first successful report on artificial inoculation and plant development of Korean mistletoe.