• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2013

KURT(KAERI Underground Research Tunnel) 부지 부근에 가상의 처분장을 설정하고, 해당 부지의 세 지점에서 방사성폐기물로부터 누출된다고 가정한 방사성 핵종의 이동 시간을 계산하였다. 핵종의 이동 경로는 핵종 누출 지점에서 천부 지하수대까지로 설정하고 KURT 주변 지하수 유동계 모의를 통해 결정하였다. 세 지점은 지하수가 빠르게 유동하는 구조(highly water-conductive feature)를 지나가기 때문에 천부 지하수까지 도달하는데 상대적으로 적은 시간이 걸리는 지점으로 선정되었다. 핵종의 이동 시간은 TDRW(Time-Domain Random Walk) 기법을 통해 계산하였다. 지하수 내의 핵종의 이동 시간을 계산하기 위해, 이류(advection)와 분산(dispersion) 이외에 암반 기질(rock matrix)로의 확산(diffusion)과 기질 내부에서의 흡착(sorption)이 고려되었고, 핵종의 붕괴 및 변환에 의한 영향도 몇 개의 붕괴 사슬(decay chain)을 이용하여 계산에 반영하였다. 계산 결과를 보면, 지표 부근의 천부 지하수에 도달하는 핵종의 시간당 이동량(mass flux)은 복수의 이동 경로뿐만 아니라 핵종의 반감기와 암반 기질 내에서의 핵종의 흡착 분배 계수에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 보다 안정적이고 불확실성이 감소된 심지층 처분장의 안전성 평가를 위해 우선적으로 필요한 사항으로는, 장반감기 핵종에 대한 평가가 이동 과정 이외에 저장 용기에 들어있는 상태에서부터 면밀하게 이루어져야 하고, 암반 기질에서 발생하는 핵종의 흡착 과정이 심부 현장 조건을 반영하여 평가되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2014

The main purpose of this study is to estimate the effect of adding Tea-N-Tris (TES) to the freezing buffer for miniature pig sperm. In particular, we attempted to identify the association between the MMPs expression and the fertility and viability of frozen sperm from each extender (LEY (Lactose Egg-Yolk), TLE (TES + LEY), TFGE (TES + Fructose + Glucose Egg-Yolk)). In accordance with this, Hypoosmotic Swelling Test (HOST) respond test was the lowest among sperms frozen in LEY while the highest HOST respond was observed among sperms frozen in TLE. Furthermore, we observed MMPs expression in all sperm groups, with pro-MMP showing lower expression than active MMPs. The expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 was the highest in sperms frozen in LEY, Meanwhile, sperms from the TFGE and TLE group showed lower level of MMP-9 and MMP-2 expression in the order of TLE being the lowest. LEY group showed lower rate of blastocyst development than the TES supplement group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Meanwhile the rate of blastocyst development appeared similar when sperms from TLE and TFGE group were used for IVF. Together, these results indicate that adding Tea-N-Tris to the sperm freezing buffer only suppresses MMPs protein activation but also maximize in-vitro fertility, providing a means to improve the success rate in the in vitro manipulation of miniature pig sperm.

• 한국광물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국암석학회.한국광물학회 2000년도 공동학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.24-24
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• 2000

We studied about petrological characteristics of the Bangeujin granite belongs to porphyritic biotite granite, petrogenesis of the enclaves in the granite and contact metamorphism of the sedimentary rock around the granite. The enclaves in the granite are concentrated in the eastern part of the Mipo fault but in the western part, these are rare. The enclaves can be divided into three types according to the petrographical characteristics. These three types are: (1) enclaves having few phenocrysts and fine grained igneous texture and ellipsoid is predominant; (2) enclaves similar In petrographical characteristics and having many phenocrysts considered as being originated from the granitic host rock; and (3) enclaves corresponding to granite in mode composition, having large phenocrysts and of which the matrix is corresponding to fine granular. First two types are correspond to mafic micro granular enclaves and the third is corresponds to felsic microgranular enclaves. In addition, the felsic microgranular enclaves capture the mafic microgranular enclaves. The fact that the compositions of biotite and plagioclase in the enclaves are nearly identical with those of biotite and plagioclase in the granitic host rock is considered as the results of supporting magma mingling. The major elements show well the linear variations as the SiOz$.$ content increases. The rare earth elements content decrease with increasing SiOz content, interpreted as the results of magma mingling. Therefore, we can conclude that the Bangeujin granite captured the felsic microgranular enclaves formed by collapse of early chilled margin during the crystallization and there was magma mingling by the injection of the mafic magma after that time. In addition, these aspects are predominant in the eastern part of the Mipo fault is considered as related to the fault movement.vement.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2013

Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) is known as an important pathogen that causes fowl typhoid in chickens. To investigate SG outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) as a vaccine candidate, we used proteomic mapping and database analysis techniques with extracted OMPs. Also, extracted OMPs were evaluated in several aspects to their safety, immune response in their host and protective effects. Our research has established a proteomic map and database of immunogenic SG-OMPs used as inactive vaccine against salmonellosis in chickens. A total of 22 spots were detected by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunogenic protein analysis. Eight spots were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and categorized into four different types of proteins. Among these proteins, OmpA is considered to be an immunogenic protein and involved in the hosts' immune system. To estimate the minimum safety dose in chickens, 35 brown layers were immunized with various concentrations of OMPs, respectively. Consequently, all chickens immunized with more than a $50{\mu}g$ dose were protected against challenges. Moreover, intramuscular administration of OMPs to chickens was more effective compared to subcutaneous administration. These results suggest that the adjuvanted SG-OMP vaccine not only induces both the humoral and cellular immune response in the host but also highly protects the hosts' exposed to virulent SG with $50{\mu}g$ OMPs extracted by our method.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2006

An area of current research is investigating the app1ication of human mesenchymal stem cells or hMSCs as a cell-based regenerative therapy. In order to achieve effective bone regeneration, appropriate matrices functioning as cell-carriers must be identified and optimized in terms of function, efficacy and biocompatibility. Two methods of approaching optimization of matrices are to facilitate adhesion of the donor hMSCs and furthermore to facilitate recruitment of host progenitor cells to osteoblastic differentiation. Pleiotrophin is an extracellular matrix protein that was first identified in developing rat brains and believed to be associated with developing neuronal pathways. A recent publication by Imai and colleagues demonstrated that transgenic mice with upregulated pleiotrophin expression developed a greater volume of cortical as well as cancellous bone. The proposed mechanism of action of pleiotrophin is demonstrated here. Through either environmental stresses and/or intracellular regulation, there is an increase in pleiotrophin production. The pleiotrophin is released extracellularly into areas requiring bone deposition. A receptor-mediated process recruits host osteoprogenitor cells into these areas. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the osteoconductive properties of pleiotrophin. We wanted to determine if pleiotrophin coating facilitates cellular adhesion and furthermore if this has any effect on hMSCs derived bone formation in an animal model. The results showed a dose dependent response of cellular adhesion in fibronectin samples, and cellular adhesion was facilitated with increasing pleiotrophin concentrations. Histologic findings taken after 5 weeks implantation in SCID mouse showed no presence of bone formation with only a dense fibrous connective tissue. Possible explanations for the results of the osteogenesis assay include inappropriate cell loading.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.405-418
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• 2007

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have been though to be multipotent cells that can replicate that have the potential to differentiate into lineages of mesenchymal tissue including the bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, muscle, and marrow stroma. Especially, scaffolds to support cell-based tissue engineering are critical determinants of clinical efforts to regenerate and repair the body. Selection of a matrix carrier imvolves consideration of the matrix's role as a scaffold for physical support and host tissue integration as well as its ability to support of synergize the osteoinductive program of the implanted mesenchymal stem cell. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of autobone and Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ to adherent mesenchymal stem cells as scaffolds on sinus augmentation with fibrin glue mixture in a rabbit model. 16 New Zealand White rabbits were divided randomly into 4 groups based on their time of sacrifice(1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks). First, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from iliac crest marrow of rabbits and expanded in vitro. Cell culture was performed in accordance with the technique described by Tsutsumi et al. In the present study, the animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, and the bone formation ability of each sides was evaluated clinically, radiologically, histologically and histomorphologically. According to the histological observations, autobone scaffolds group showed integrated graft bone with host bone from sinus wall. At 2 and 4 weeks, it showed active newly formed bone and neovascularization. At 8 weeks, lamellae bone was observed in sinus graft material area. Radiologically, autobone with stem cell showed more radiopaque than Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ scaffolds group. there were significant differences in bone volume between 4 and 8 weeks(p<0.05).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.220-233
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present new a model that allows the study of the bone healing process, with an emphasis on the biological behavior of different graft-to-host interfaces. A standardized "over-inlay" surgical technique combined with a differential histomorphometric analysis is presented in order to optimize the use of critical-size calvarial defects in pre-clinical testing. Methods: Critical-size defects were created into the parietal bone of 8 male Wistar rats. Deproteinized bovine bone (DBBM) blocks were inserted into the defects, so that part of the block was included within the calvarial thickness and part exceeded the calvarial height (an "over-inlay" graft). All animals were sacrificed at 1 or 3 months. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation was carried out within distinct regions of interest (ROIs): the areas adjacent to the native bone (BA), the periosteal area (PA) and the central area (CA). Results: The animals healed without complications. Differential morphometry allowed the examination of the tissue composition within distinct regions: the BA presented consistent amounts of new bone formation (NB), which increased over time ($24.53%{\pm}1.26%$ at 1 month; $37.73%{\pm}0.39%$ at 3 months), thus suggesting that this area makes a substantial contribution toward NB. The PA was mainly composed of fibrous tissue ($71.16%{\pm}8.06%$ and $78.30%{\pm}2.67%$, respectively), while the CA showed high amounts of DBBM at both time points ($78.30%{\pm}2.67%$ and $74.68%{\pm}1.07%$, respectively), demonstrating a slow remodeling process. Blood vessels revealed a progressive migration from the interface with native bone toward the central area of the graft. Osterix-positive cells observed at 1 month within the PA suggested that the periosteum was a source of osteoprogenitor elements. Alkaline phosphatase data on matrix deposition confirmed this observation. Conclusions: The present model allowed for a standardized investigation of distinct graft-to-host interfaces both at vertically augmented and inlay-augmented sites, thus possibly limiting the number of animals required for pre-clinical investigations.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.297-311
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• 2017

Saprolegniasis is one of the most devastating oomycete diseases in freshwater fish which is caused by species in the genus Saprolegnia including Saprolegnia parasitica. In this study, we isolated the strain of S. parasitica from diseased rainbow trout in Korea. Morphological and molecular based identification confirmed that isolated oomycete belongs to the member of S. parasitica, supported by its typical features including cotton-like mycelium, zoospores and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer region. Pathogenicity of isolated S. parasitica was developed in embryo, juvenile, and adult zebrafish as a disease model. Host-pathogen interaction in adult zebrafish was investigated at transcriptional level. Upon infection with S. parasitica, pathogen/antigen recognition and signaling (TLR2, TLR4b, TLR5b, NOD1, and major histocompatibility complex class I), pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin $[IL]-1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8, interferon ${\gamma}$, IL-12, and IL-10), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9 and MMP13), cell surface molecules ($CD8^+$ and $CD4^+$) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase) related genes were differentially modulated at 3- and 12-hr post infection. As an anti-Saprolegnia agent, plant based lawsone was applied to investigate on the susceptibility of S. parasitica showing the minimum inhibitory concentration and percentage inhibition of radial growth as $200{\mu}g/mL$ and 31.8%, respectively. Moreover, natural lawsone changed the membrane permeability of S. parasitica mycelium and caused irreversible damage and disintegration to the cellular membranes of S. parasitica. Transcriptional responses of the genes of S. parasitica mycelium exposed to lawsone were altered, indicating that lawsone could be a potential anti-S. parasitica agent for controlling S. parasitica infection.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2022

최근 고성능컴퓨팅, 인공지능 분야에서 GPU 장치 사용이 일반화되고 있지만, GPU 프로그래밍은 여전히 어렵게 여겨진다. 특히 호스트(host) 메모리와 GPU 메모리를 별도로 관리하기 때문에 성능과 편의성 방면에서 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이에 따라 여려가지 CPU-GPU 메모리 전송 방법들이 연구되고 있다. 한편 CPU와 GPU 및 통합메모리(Unified memory) 등 하나의 실리콘 패키지로 묶는 SoC(System on a Chip) 제품들이 최근에 많이 출시되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 통합메모리 장치에서 CPU, GPU 장치간 데이터를 사용하고 전송시 성능관련 비교를 하고자 한다. 기존 CPU내 호스트 메모리와 GPU 메모리가 분리된 환경과는 다른 특징을 보여준다. 여기서는 통합메모리 장치인 NVIDIA SoC칩들과 NVIDIA SMX 기반 V100 GPU 카드에서 CPU-GPU 간 데이터 전송 프로그래밍 기법별로 성능비교를 한다. 성능비교를 위해 워크로드는 HPC 분야의 수치계산에서 자주 사용하는 2차원 행렬 전치 커널이다. 실험을 통해 CPU-GPU 메모리 전송 프로그래밍 방법별 GPU 커널 성능차이, 페이지 잠긴 메모리와 페이지 가능 메모리를 사용했을 경우 전송 성능차이, 전체(Overall) 성능비교, 마지막으로 워크로드 크기별 성능비교를 하였다. 이를 통해 통합메모리칩인 NVIDIA Xavier에서 I/O 캐시일관성 지원을 통해 SoC 칩내 통합메모리에 대한 이점을 극대화 할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2019

We observed MMPs expression in all sperm groups, with pro-MMP showing lower expression than active MMPs. According to the results from each freezing extender, the sperm membrane integrity (HOST: Hypoosmotic Swelling Test) analysis in TCGGD (Tris 250 mM, Citric acid 88 mM, Glucose 47 mM, Glycerol 3%, Dimethylsulpoxide 3.5 M) is 59.8 ± 0.7, TCGSD (Tris 250 mM, Citric acid 88 mM, Glucose 47 mM, Sucrose 0.1 M, Dimethylsulpoxide 3.5 M) is 59.3 ± 0.5 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) among the experimental groups. And MMPs analysis result, we observed MMPs expression in all sperm groups, with pro-MMP showing lower expression than active MMPs. The expression of active MMP-2 was the highest in sperms frozen in TCGSD and TCGD (Tris 250 mM, Citric acid 88 mM, Glucose 47 mM, Dimethylsulpoxide 3.5 M), Meanwhile, sperms from the TCGGD and TCGED (Tris 250 mM, Citric acid 88 mM, Glucose 47 mM, Ethylene glycol 3%, Dimethylsulpoxide 3.5 M) group showed lower level of active MMP-2 expression. Together, these results indicate that adding glycerol or sucrose to the sperm freezing buffer would not only suppress MMPs expression but also minimize DNA fragmentation, providing a mean to improve the success rate in the in vitro manipulation of rabbit sperms. Therefore, these results suggest that TCGGD or TCGSD extender method for freezing-thawing of rabbit sperm increased the viability after thawing.