• Title/Summary/Keyword: horizontal plane

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The relationship among reference lines used for taking the extraoral radiography (구외 방사선사진 촬영에 사용되는 기준선의 상호 관계)

  • Lee Sul-Mi;Choi Hang-Moon
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.205-207
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    • 2001
  • Purpose : The aim of present study is to estimate the relationship among reference lines used for taking the extraoral radiography and panoramic radiography. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalographs of 40 adults, aged 22 to 30 years were taken. Angles between reference lines (Frankfort line, canthomeatal line, infraorbitomeatal line, and occlusal plane) were measured. Results: Angles between Frankfort line and canthomeatal line, Frankfort line and infraorbitomeatal line, Frankfort line and occlusal plane, canthomeatal line and infraorbitomeatal line, canthomeatal line and occlusal plane, and infraorbitomeatal line and occlusal plane were 16.1° (±2.2), 5.8° (±2.4), 8.7° (±3.5), 10.3° (±1.3), 24.8° (±4.0), and 14.5° (±4.4),respectively. Conclusion: Angle between frankfort and canthomeatal line is very different with commonly known angle. Frankfort horizontal reference lines used for panoramic radiography need an exact definition and more accurate standard is needed for the taking of panoramic radiograph.

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Fluid Force Suppression of a Square Prism near Plane Wall (벽면근처에 놓인 정방형주의 유체력 제어)

  • Kim, K.S.;Ro, Ki-Deok;Kang, M.H.;Byun, Y.S.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.61-62
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    • 2006
  • The suppression of fluid force acting on a square prism near plane wall was studied by attaching fences on the comers of the prism. The height of the fence was 10% of the square width and the range of Reynolds number considered was $Re=2.0{\times}10^4$. The experimental parameters were the attaching position and numbers of fences, the space ratios $G/B(G/B=0.1{\sim}1.2)$ between prism and plane wall. The average drag coefficients were increased and the average hit coefficients were decreased and increased with the space ratios foulard plane wall. The drag of the prism was reduced average 7.6% with the space ratios by attaching the normal fence at the rear and upper comer and the horizontal normal fence at the rear and lower corner on the prism.

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A Conceptual Two-Layer Model of Thermohaline Circulation in a Pie-Shaped $\beta$-Plane Basin

  • Park, Young-Gyu
    • Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.11-16
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    • 2003
  • The three dimensional structure of thermohaline circulation in a D-plane is investigated using a conceptual two layer model and a scaling argument. In this simple model, the water mass formation region is excluded. The upper layer represents the oceans above the main thermocline. The lower layer represents the deep ocean below the thermocline and is much thicker than the upper layer. In each layer, geostrophy and the linear vorticity balance are assumed. The cross interfacial velocity that compensates for the deep water mass formation balances downward heat diffusion from the top. From the above relations, we can determine the thickness of the upper layer, which is the same as thermocline depth. The results we get is basically the same as that we get for an f-plane ocean or the classical thermocline theory. Mass budget using the velocity scales from the scaling argument shows that western boundary and interior transports are much larger than the net meridional transport. Therefore in the thermohaline circulation, horizontal circulation is much stronger than the vertical circulation occuring on a meridional plane.

3D Simultaneous Localization and Map Building (SLAM) using a 2D Laser Range Finder based on Vertical/Horizontal Planar Polygons (2차원 레이저 거리계를 이용한 수직/수평 다각평면 기반의 위치인식 및 3차원 지도제작)

  • Lee, Seungeun;Kim, Byung-Kook
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.20 no.11
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    • pp.1153-1163
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    • 2014
  • An efficient 3D SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Map Building) method is developed for urban building environments using a tilted 2D LRF (Laser Range Finder), in which a 3D map is composed of perpendicular/horizontal planar polygons. While the mobile robot is moving, from the LRF scan distance data in each scan period, line segments on the scan plane are successively extracted. We propose an "expected line segment" concept for matching: to add each of these scan line segments to the most suitable line segment group for each perpendicular/horizontal planar polygon in the 3D map. After performing 2D localization to determine the pose of the mobile robot, we construct updated perpendicular/horizontal infinite planes and then determine their boundaries to obtain the perpendicular/horizontal planar polygons which constitute our 3D map. Finally, the proposed SLAM algorithm is validated via extensive simulations and experiments.

Calibration Kit for 4-Port Horizontal/Vertical Probing (4-포트 수평/수직 겸용 프로브용 교정키트)

  • Kim, Taeho;Kim, Jonghyeon;Kim, Sungjun;Kim, Kwangho;Pu, Bo;Nah, Wansoo
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.559-575
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, we propose a horizontal/vertical calibration kit for calibrating a vector network analyzer(VNA) to measure the vertical connector pin. If the conventional calibration kit is used, we should change the arm for a probe or need an assistant device and it takes a long time. In addition there is a risk of precision degradation caused by the position change of the probe tip sensitive to the surroundings. We suggest a 4-port vertical calibration kit to make up for the aforementioned shortcomings. The calibration kit was manufactured for the SOLT calibration method. 'Short', 'Open', and 'Load' are available in the horizontal plane, 'Thru' is available not only in the horizontal plane on the two planes of a PCB, but in the vertical plane between the two planes according to the positions of the probes. We complemented the conventional calibration kit to make a vertical calibration kit to be used for the vertical measurement method. We compared and analysed their reflection/transfer characteristics of the SOLT calibration standards of the proposed calibration kit and conventional one, we get a ${\pm}0.1$ dB differences of transfer characteristics in the range from 300 kHz to 8.5 GHz. In order to demonstrate usefulness, and we performed a case study for horizontal and vertical cases, and compared the results of the proposed calibration kit and conventional one.

Plane-wave Full Waveform Inversion Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data in an Elastic Medium (탄성매질에서의 분포형 음향 센싱 자료를 활용한 평면파 전파형역산)

  • Seoje, Jeong;Wookeen, Chung;Sungryul, Shin;Sumin, Kim
    • Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.214-216
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    • 2022
  • Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), an increasingly growing acquisition technique in the oil and gas exploration and seismology fields, has been used to record seismic signals using optical cables as receivers. With the development of imaging methods for DAS data, full waveform inversion (FWI) is been applied to DAS data to obtain high-resolution property models such as P- and S-velocity. However, because the DAS systems measure strain from the phase distortion between two points along optical cables, DAS data must be transformed from strain to particle velocity for FWI algorithms. In this study, a plane-wave FWI algorithm based on the relationship between strain and horizontal particle velocity in the plane-wave assumption is proposed to apply FWI to DAS data. Under the plane-wave assumption, strain equals the horizontal particle velocity, which is scaled by the velocity at the receiver position. This relationship was confirmed using a numerical experiment. Furthermore, 4-layer and modified Marmousi-2 velocity models were used to verify the applicability of the proposed FWI algorithm in various survey environments. The proposed FWI was implemented in land and marine survey environments and provided high-resolution P- and S-velocity models.

A Study on the Formative Elements of Neo-plasticism Applied on Contemporary Fashion (현대패션에 응용된 신조형주의의 조형요소에 관한 연구 - 몬드리안 회화를 중심으로 -)

  • Jeong, Kyung-Hee;Bae, Soo-Jeong
    • Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.51-61
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between the trend of art and fashion which predominate a certain time. In order to achieve this goal, this study intends to analyze how plasticity found in Mondrian's pictures are applied to modern fashion with its focus on formative elements. Mondrian was ahead of abstractionism, a major trend of contemporary art, and defined the theory of neo-plasticism. The theory of neo-plasticism defined by Mondrian is characterized by the limited expression of lines and shapes by using only vertical and horizontal straight lines, and right angles and four-sided figures weaved by the lines, and the use of achromatic color(black, white, and gray) in three primary colors(red, blue, and yellow). Based on his theory, he fully displayed the world of geometric abstraction. Mondrian's formative elements which have been applied in modern fashion can be divided into shape and color, For the element of shape, first, horizontal and vertical lines have been applied to patterns, trimmings, detail, and plane of textiles through simplification of design, representing proportion, balance, and stress in a silhouette, Second, plane and diamond shapes made of horizontal and vertical lines have been applied to textiles or patterns with uniqueness. For the element of color, first, three primary colors and achromatic colors are used to seek the aesthetics of balance and harmony that are produced in the strain of conflict through brightness, chroma, and complementary colors, Second, primary colors of high chroma and brightness which are much stronger than pictures are used to express a modern sense. Formative elements of neo-plasticism, which have been applied to modern fashion suggested by this study, are connected with the trend of art contemporary designers have borrowed, Accordingly, this study will become a very helpful material which provides designers with original ideas in developing materials and patterns which connect design with art.

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Hydraulic fracturing experiments of highly deviated well with oriented perforation technique

  • Zhu, Hai Y.;Deng, Jin G.;Liu, Shu J.;Wen, Min;Peng, Cheng Y.;Li, Ji R.;Chen, Zi J.;Hu, Lian B.;Lin, Hai;Guang, Dong
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.153-172
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    • 2014
  • In order to investigate the effect of different perforation angles (the angle between the perforation direction and the maximum horizontal principal stress) on the fracture initiation and propagation during hydraulic fracturing of highly deviated well in oil & gas saturated formation, laboratory experiments of the hydraulic fracturing had been carried out on the basis of non-dimensional similar criteria by using 400^3 $mm^3$ cement cubes. A plane fracture can be produced when the perforations are placed in the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress. When the perforation angle is $45^{\circ}$, the fractures firstly initiate from the perforations at the upper side of the wellbore, and then turn to the maximum horizontal principal stress direction. When the well deviation angle and perforation angle are both between $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$, the fractures hardly initiate from the perforations at the lower side of the wellbore. Well azimuth (the angle between the wellbore axis and the maximum horizontal principal stress) has a little influence on the fracture geometries; however it mainly increases the fracture roughness, fracture continuity and the number of secondary fractures, and also increases the fracture initiation and propagation pressure. Oriented perforating technology should be applied in highly deviated well to obtain a single plane fracture. If the well deviation angle is smaller, the fractures may link up.

Improvement of Depth Video Coding by Plane Modeling (평면 모델링을 통한 깊이 영상 부호화의 개선)

  • Lee, Dong-Seok;Kwon, Soon-Kak
    • Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.11-17
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, we propose a method of correcting depth image by the plane modeling and then improving the coding performance. We model a plane by using the least squares method to the horizontal and vertical directions including the target pixel, and then determine that the predicted plane is suitable from the estimate error. After that, we correct the target pixel by the plane mode. The proposed method can correct not only the depth image composed the plane but also the complex depth image. From the simulation result that measures the entropy power, which can estimate the coding performance, we can see that the coding performance by the proposed method is improved up to 80.2%.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE REPRODUCIBILITY AND THE DISPLACEMENT OF CENTRIC RELATION RECORDS (BETWEEN LEAF GAUGES AND OTHER METHODS) (하악 중심위 유도방법에 따른 하악위의 재현성 및 변위량에 관한 비교연구(LEAF GAUGES의 사용을 중심으로))

  • Choi, Jin-Woong;Choi, Dae-Gyun;Park, Nam-Soo;Choi, Boo-Byung
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.133-151
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    • 1988
  • The objectives of this study were to compare the position of centric relation guided by means of leaf gauges, bilateral manipulation, chin-point guidance with Lucia jig and self-guided method and the reproducibility, respectively. A Veri-check (Denar Co., Anaheim, California) was employed for examining, and the displacement of position and reproducibility were verified. The following results were obtained. 1. On the sagittal plane, the centric relation guided by means of leaf gauges showed greater posterior displacement than that by means of bilateral manipulation and less than that by means of chin-point guidance with Lucia jig, and self-guided centric relation showed least posterior displacement. The centric relation guided by means of bilateral manipulation showed greater superior displacement than that by means of chin-point guidance with Lucia jig and less than that by means of leaf gauges and self-guided centric relation showed least superior displacement. 2. On the horizontal plane, the centric relation guided by means of chin-point guidance with Lucia jig showed greater posterior displacement than that of bilateral manipulation and less than that leaf gauges, however the self-guided centric relation showed slightly anterior displacement. 3. The anteroposterior displacement measured on sagittal plane and horizontal plane were highly correlated. (p<0.05). 4. The reproducibility of centric relation guided by means of leaf gauges, bilateral manipulation and chin-point guidance with Lucia jig were similar and more reproducible than self-guided centric relation.

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