• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2022

A subset S of V(G), where G is a simple undirected graph, is a hop dominating set if for each v ∈ V(G)＼S, there exists w ∈ S such that d_G(v, w) = 2 and it is a locating-hop set if N_G(v, 2) ∩ S ≠ N_G(v, 2) ∩ S for any two distinct vertices u, v ∈ V(G)＼S. A set S ⊆ V(G) is a locating-hop dominating set if it is both a locating-hop and a hop dominating set of G. The minimum cardinality of a locating-hop dominating set of G, denoted by 𝛄_lh(G), is called the locating-hop domination number of G. In this paper, we investigate some properties of this newly defined parameter. In particular, we characterize the locating-hop dominating sets in graphs under some binary operations.

• 복식
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to examine the rise of hip-hop culture and its characteristics which have been established as a part of popular culture amid other subcultures and to examine the overall concept of hip-hop fashion which has been developing since its rise in the 1970s and particularly to examine the hip-hop after the turn of the new century when it has gone through several iterations and changes while simultaneously accommodating different trends and reflecting a highly diverse larger culture. The research methodology is a literature-based research that uses classification and analysis based on the preceding research including related books and dissertations and, considering that this research focuses on the characteristics of hip-hop from the 2000s to the present, mainstream news media such as newspapers and magazines around New York images of famous hip-hop culture & stores websites were used in this research. The most characteristic hip-hop fashions since the 2000s examined by this research comprise prep-hop, slim formal suits, skurban, hip-hop Goth, and hip-hop Tatto. First, prep-hop is a mixed match of a preppy look with latest hip-hop sentiments and hip-hop styles. Second, there are slim formal suits that reflect a change of trends that strongly show changes of hip-hop fashion consumers who have been following sports stars' fashions. Third, skurban is a hip-hop fashion combined with the look of skaters. Fourth, hip-hop Goth is what emphasizes strong Goth images such as grunge, skull, and devil in hip-hop fashions based on vintage fashion. Fifth, hip-hop Tatto style designs have appeared in diverse items such as trendy clothes and accessories that were most popular since the 2000s. Hip-hop fashion since the 2000s up to the present is beginning to be integrated with diverse other cultures and its most prominent characteristics is a change into slimmer silhouette.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.747-758
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to make hip-hop clear as a comprehensive cultural factor, and to analyze how it was reflected and shown in the modern fashion. The fashion influenced by hip-hop consisted of music(mcing), dance(b-boying), art(graffiti), technology(djing), and clothing(hip-hop style) was as follows; 1. Each music, dance, and art factor was expressed as multiethnic style, a oversized sportive style, and a graffiti look. 2. Oversized-Sportive style was the most peculiarity in Old School's hip-hop fashion. 3. Sportive style was changed into Multiethnic-Baggy style in New School's hip-hop fashion.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2012

In multi-interface multi-channel(MIMC) based tactical ad hoc networks, QoS support for required operational capacity is one of the main challenging issues for multi-hop transmissions. To support QoS in such a harsh environment, we propose a novel MAC scheme to minimize multi-hop as well as per-hop delay. The current IEEE 802.11 MAC protocols should contend to reserve the channel resource at every hop by each sender. The every-hop channel contention results in a degradation of end-to-end delay for multi-hop transmissions. The basic idea of our scheme is to make a "multi-hop reservation" at the MAC layer by using the modified RTS frame. It contains additional information such as destination information, packet priority, and hop count, etc. In addition, we differentiate the contention window area according to the packet priority and the number of hops to deliver packets in the predefined allowed latency. Our scheme can minimize the multi-hop delay and support the QoS of the critical data in real time(i.e., VoIP, sensing video data, Video conference between commanders). Our simulation study and numerical analysis show that the proposed scheme outperforms the IEEE 802.11 MAC.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2016

Wireless communication chipsets have fixed transmission rate and communication distance. Although there are many kinds of chipsets with throughput and distance purpose, they cannot support various types of wireless applications. This paper provides theoretic research results in order to support various wireless applications requiring different throughput, delayed quality-of-service (QoS), and different communication distances by using a wireless communication chipset with fixed rate and transmission power. As a performance metric, the probability for a data frame that successfully receives at a desired receiver is adopted. Based on this probability, the average number of transmission in order to make a successful frame transmission is derived. Equations are utilized to analyze the performance of a single-hop with channel coding and a dual-hop without error correction matter transmission system. Our results revealed that single-hop transmission assisted by channel coding could extend its communication distance. However, communication range extending effect of the single-hop system was limited. Accordingly, dual-hop transmission is needed to overcome the communication distance limit of a chipset.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.215-236
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• 2017

Obtaining accurate location information is important in practical applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The distance vector hop (DV-Hop) is a frequently-used range-free localization algorithm in WSNs, but it has low localization accuracy. Moreover, despite various improvements to DV-Hop-based localization algorithms, maintaining a balance between high localization accuracy and good stability and convergence is still a challenge. To overcome these shortcomings, we proposed an improved DV-Hop localization algorithm based on the bat algorithm (IBDV-Hop) for WSNs. The IBDV-Hop algorithm incorporates optimization methods that enhance the accuracy of the average hop distance and fitness function. We also introduce a nonlinear dynamic inertial weight strategy to extend the global search scope and increase the local search accuracy. Moreover, we develop an updated solutions strategy that avoids premature convergence by the IBDV-Hop algorithm. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the IBDV-Hop algorithm achieves higher localization accuracy than the original DV-Hop algorithm and other improved algorithms. The IBDV-Hop algorithm also exhibits good stability, search capability and convergence, and it requires little additional time complexity and energy consumption.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.108-132
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to develop and present the modern men's hip-hop fashion designs using the design elements of Hanfu which is a traditional culture of China as a motif by applying the SCAMPER technique. In the research methods, this study conducted the literature review and work production. In the process of work development, first, after setting up the concept, a design map was produced. Second, the characteristics of hip-hop fashion style and the design elements of Hanfu were organized. Third, this study developed the hip-hop fashion designs reinterpreting the design elements of Hanfu into modern hip-hop styles by applying the SCAMPER conception list. Fourth, Fourth, of the developed designs, the finally decided upon designs were produced into real six articles, which included a T-shirt, shirt, zippered sweater, jumper, denim jacket, long jumper, denim pants, baggy pants, and short pants. This study offers the possibility of developing Chinese hip-hop fashion design targeting the emerging Chinese hip-hop fashion market by suggesting hip-hop fashion designs with the characteristics of Chinese traditional culture.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2016

N-screen is a promising technology to improve support for multimedia multicasting, content sharing, content mobility, media scalability, and seamless mobility. In this paper, the WiMedia distributed-MAC (D-MAC) protocol is adopted for development of a seamless N-screen wireless service. Furthermore, to provide a multi-hop, one source multi-use N-screen service through point to point streaming in a seamless D-MAC protocol, a dynamic multi-frame transmission technology is proposed. In this technology, a dynamic time slot allocation scheme and a multi-hop resource reservation scheme are combined. In the proposed dynamic time slot allocation scheme, two thresholds, a hard threshold and a soft threshold, are included to satisfy the power consumption and delay requirements. A multi-frame DRP reservation scheme is proposed to minimize end-to-end delay during the multi-hop transmissions between N-screen devices. The proposed dynamic multi-frame transmission scheme enhances N-screen performance in terms of the multi-hop link establishment success rate and link establishment time compared to the conventional WiMedia D-MAC system.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권1A호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2009

무선 센서 네트워크(WSN: Wireless Sensor Network) 환경에서 사건의 탐지(event detection)와 라우팅(routing), 정보추적(information tracking) 등의 중요한 기능을 수행하기 위해 센서노드의 위치를 측정하는 문제는 반드시 해결되어야 한다. DV-Hop 알고리즘은 멀티 홉에서 얻어지는 정보를 기반으로 위치를 측정하며 비교적 적은 앵커로도 구현이 가능하지만 보다 정밀한 위치측정을 위해 개선되어야 할 부분이 존재한다. 그러한 요인 중 하나로 알고리즘에 사용되는 홉 간 거리가 여러 앵커 노드로 부터의 홉 간 거리의 평균값으로 계산되는 것을 들 수 있다. 이는 홀(Hole)과 같은 장애물에 의한 홉 수의 증가로 발생할 수 있는 미지노드와 앵커사이에 거리 값 계산의 오차를 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 DV-Hop 알고리즘의 이러한 문제점을 분석하고 이를 보완 가능한 그룹기반DV-Hop(GDV-Hop) 알고리즘을 제시한다. 그룹 기반 DV-Hop 알고리즘은 다양한 비컨의 라우팅 경로에 의한 위치오차를 효과적으로 줄일 수 있을 뿐 아니라 불필요한 비컨전송의 오버 헤드를 줄일 수 있는 장점을 갖는다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.59-61
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• 1977

This experiment was undertaken with the purpose of investigating the effect on the hop yield and dryweight of two Hallertau forma, Shinshuwase by Gibberellin treatment. The concentration of GA applied were 0, 10, 20ppm respectively and they were treated before ten day of flowering of hop. The result as follows; (1) Yield of hop was increased significantly by treatment of GA 10 ppm solution that is Hallertau was increased 17.2% of control plots, and Shinshuwase was increased 23.2% in GA 20ppm. (2) In dry weight was increased significantly by treatment of GA 10ppm solution that is Hallertau was increased 21.6% of control plot and Shinshuwase was increased 25.9% in GA 20ppm.