• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2010

HCCI 엔진은 고효율, 저공해를 실현할 수 있는 차세대 내연기관이다. 그러나 HCCI 엔진이 상용화되기 위해서는 몇 가지 문제점들이 해결되어야 한다. 그 중에서 가장 큰 문제점은 과도한 압력 상승률이 노킹을 발생시키기 때문에 운전영역이 제한되는 것이다. 이번 연구의 목적은 HCCI 엔진에서 압력상승률 저감을 위하여 온도 성층화와 농도 성층화 효과를 조사하는 것이다. 그리고 Multi-zone 모델을 이용한 화학반응 수치해석을 통하여 연소 및 배기가스 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 수치해석에서 2 단계 열발생을 가지는 DME와 1단계 열발생을 가지는 메탄을 사용하였다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2008

We fabricated BSCCO-2212(2212) bulk superconductors by using a casting process and evaluated the superconducting properties. The effects of annealing conditions on microstructure and critical properties were studied. It was found that the homogeneous and uniform microstructure improved the critical properties and the microstructures of ingot and annealed rods were different with the size of 2212 rod and tube. The critical current($I_c$) of rods increased with increasing annealing time, probably due to increased grain size of 2212. Annealing time of the highest $I_c$ for the smaller rod(diameter of 10 mm) was shorter(150 hr) than that of the larger rod(diameter of 16 mm, 400 hr). This size effect seems to be related to different grain sizes of the intermediate phases such as 2201 and secondary phases in the ingot. In addition, we fabricated 2212 tubes from the rod by removing the center region which contained inhomogeneous microstructures. The $I_c$ of 2212 tube with the outer diameter of 16 mm and the thickness of 2 mm was measured to 844 A, which corresponds to the critical current density of $1017\;A/cm^2$ at 77 K.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.388-388
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• 2011

Graphene, with its unique physical and structural properties, has recently become a proving ground for various physical phenomena, and is a promising candidate for a variety of electronic device and flexible display applications. The physical properties of graphene depend directly on the thickness. These properties lead to the possibility of its application in high-performance transparent conducting films (TCFs). Compared to indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, which have a typical sheet resistance of ~60 ${\Omega}/sq$ and ~85% transmittance in the visible range, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesized graphene electrodes have a higher transmittance in the visible to IR region and are more robust under bending. Nevertheless, the lowest sheet resistance of the currently available CVD graphene electrodes is higher than that of ITO. Here, we report an ingenious strategy, irradiation of MeV electron beam (e-beam) at room temperature under ambient condition,for obtaining size-homogeneous gold nanoparticle decorated on graphene. The nano-particlization promoted by MeV e-beam irradiation was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy elemental mapping, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. These results clearly revealed that gold nanoparticle with 10~15 nm in mean size were decorated along the surface of the graphene after 1.0 MeV-e-beam irradiation. The fabrication high-performance TCF with optimized doping condition showed a sheet resistance of ~150 ${\Omega}/sq$ at 94% transmittance. A chemical transformation and charge transfer for the metal gold nanoparticle were systematically explored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. This approach advances the numerous applications of graphene films as transparent conducting electrodes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.84-89
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• 1999

To determine phylogenetic relatedness of four silk-producing silkmoths (B. mori, B. mandarina, A. yamamai and A. pernyi), internal coding region of arylphorin which is a storage protein in hemolymph protein of insects were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced and compared each other. The nucleotide composition was biased toward adenine and thymine(59% A+T) and a strong bias for use of C in the third position of codons was found for Phe and Tyr. Together TTC(Phe) and TAC(Tyr) account for about 16.8% (10 for TTC and 8 for TAC) of all codon usage. The nucleotide similarity of arylphorin gene from B. mori showed 99%, 98% and 97% homology with those of B. mandarina, A. yamamai and A. pernyi, respectively. Also, the nucleotide sequence of arylphorin gene from B. mandarina showed 98% and 97% homology with those of A. yamamai and A.pernyi, respectively. Between A. yamamai and A. pernyi, the sequence homology was 97%. The deduced amino acid sequences in B. mori, B. mandarina and A. yamamai showed almost 99% homology. Although the aryphorin gene provided insufficient variability among the four insect species, A UPGMA tree is generated that supported the monophyly of silk-producing insects, with M. sexta placed basal to it. It is suggest that silk-producing insects have a close relationship and a homogeneous genetic background from comparison with those of other insects.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of apical-coronal implant position on the stress distribution after occlusal and oblique loading. Materials and Methods: The cortical and cancellous bone was assumed to be isotropic, homogeneous, and linearly elastic. The implant was apposed to cortical bone in the crestal region and to cancellous bone for the remainder of the implant-bone interface. The cancellous core was surrounded by 2-mm-thick cortical bone. An axial load of 200 N was assumed and a 200-N oblique load was applied at a buccal inclination of 30 degrees to the center of the pontic and buccal cusps. The 3-D geometry modeled in Iron CAD was interfaced with ANSYS. Results: When only the stress in the bone was compared, the minimal principal stress at load Points A and B, with a axial load applied at 90 degrees or an oblique load applied at 30 degrees, for model 5. The von Mises stress in the screw of model 5 was minimal at Points A and B, for 90- and 30-degree loads. When the von Mises stress of the abutment screw was compared at Points A and B, and a 30-degree oblique load, the maximum principal stress was seen with model 2, while the minimum principal stress was with model 5. In the case of implant, the model that received maximum von Mises stress was model 1 with the load Point A and Point B, axial load applied in 90-degree, and oblique load applied in 30-degree. Discussion and Conclusions: These results suggests that implantation should be done at the supracrestal level only when necessary, since it results in higher stress than when implantation is done at or below the alveolar bone level. Within the limited this study, we recommend the use of supracrestal apical-coronal positioning in the case of clinical indications.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.257-270
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• 2011

A set of reflood tests has been performed using ATLAS, which is a thermal-hydraulic integral effect test facility for the pressurized water reactors of APR1400 and OPR1000. Several important phenomena were observed during the ATLAS LBLOCA reflood tests, including core quenching, down-comer boiling, ECC bypass, and steam binding. The present paper discusses those four topics based on the LB-CL-11 test, which is a best-estimate simulation of the LBLOCA reflood phase for APR1400 using ATLAS. Both homogeneous bottom quenching and inhomogeneous top quenching were observed for a uniform radial power profile during the LB-CL-11 test. From the observation of the down-comer boiling phenomena during the LB-CL-11 test, it was found that the measured void fraction in the lower down-comer region was relatively smaller than that estimated from the RELAP5 code, which predicted an unrealistically higher void generation and magnified the downcomer boiling effect for APR1400. The direct ECC bypass was the dominant ECC bypass mechanism throughout the test even though sweep-out occurred during the earlier period. The ECC bypass fractions were between 0.2 and 0.6 during the later test period. The steam binding phenomena was observed, and its effect on the collapsed water levels of the core and down-comer was discussed.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2019

Aphocypris chinensis 정자의 구조는 잉어류 정자의 일반적인 구조와 비슷하나 핵의 구조, 중심립의 위치, 미토콘드리아의 수와 배열 그리고 편모의 구조에서 차이가 있었다. A. chinensis 정자의 핵와가 기부중심립을 포함하고 있는 것은 잉어류 정자의 공통된 특징으로 볼 수 있다. 섬유성물질에 의하여 원형질막과 연결된 중심립은 말단부중심립의 기저부 위치까지 cytoplasmic canal이 함입되어 있다. 이와 같은 구조는 잉어류의 공통된 특징으로 사료된다. 잉어류 정자의 미토콘드리아의 수를 구분해보면, 4개의 그룹(1개, 2~5개, 6~10개, 11개 이상)으로 구분할 수 있다. A. chinensis는 잉어류 정자에서 지금까지 보고된 미토콘드리아의 수가 가장 많은 종이다. 잉어류 정자에서 나타나는 중편부와 미부에 분포하는 vesicles의 분포형태도 어류 정자의 미세해부학적 분류의 형질로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 편모의 위치가 핵의 측면으로 위치해 있는 것은 A. chinensis를 포함한 대부분 잉어류 정자의 공통된 특징으로 사료된다.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제36S권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 MPEG-4 와 같은 객체 및 내용 기반 영상 부호화에 활용될 수 있는 영상분할 알고리듬을 제안한다. 기존의 수학적 형태학(mathematical morphology)을 이용한 영상분할은 대개 과분할(over-segmentation)된 결과를 출력하는 경향이 있다. 이러한 과분할 문제 때문에 미소영역(small region)이나 비슷한 특성을 갖는 인접영역들을 서로 병합시켜야 하는 단점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 영상분할의 문제점을 해결하고자 화소단위가 아닌 블록단위의 마커추출을 이용한 영상분할을 제안한다. 즉, 블록단위로 영상을 분할함으로써 질감부분에 해당하는 영역들이 하나의 큰 영역으로 분할될 수 있도록 하고, 영상내 객체(Object)의 정확한 윤곽선(contour)을 찾기 위해 화소단위로 워터쉐드(watershed) 알고리듬을 적용한다. 결과적으로 본논문에서 제안하는 알고리듬을 기존의 수학적 형태학을 이용한 방법과 비교하여 질감영역에서 향상된 영상분할과 계산시간의 부담을 줄일 수 있다는 것을 실험을 통해 확인하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2005

DCT기반 압축기법에 의해 부호화된 영상은 양자화에 의한 여러 가지 화질열화요소가 포함되는데, 그중 인간 시각에 민감한 대비 왜곡은 화질 열화 요인으로서 가장 중요한 요인이다. 특히 저비트율에서 부호화된 영상의 경우 많은 고주파 성분이 양자화에 의하여 손실되기 때문에 좋은 화질을 갖는 영상을 복원할 수 없을 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 대비 왜곡을 포함하고 있는 부호화된 영상에 대해 DCT영역에서 대비를 개선시키는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 대비왜곡은 외곽선 주변에서 심하게 나타나기 때문에 DCT블록의 외곽선 포함 정도를 판단하여 문턱치보다 큰 블록은 다시 4개의 부블록으로 나누어 적용된다. 제안되는 방법은 모든 연산이 DCT 영역에서 수행되기 때문에 실시간 처리 응용분야에 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.64-67
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• 1996

1세된 남아에서 세열낭종을 의심한 좌측 경부 종양이 수술을 시행한 결과 고형종양이였고, 조직검사상 이소성 흉선으로 판명되었다. 술후 초음파상 흉선은 정상적으로 있었고, 현재 환자의 면역기능은 아무 이상없이 정상으로 자라고 있다.