• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.74-89
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• 1996

It hasbeen individual and social problems that mattoids, alcohols and old people alienated from their families have wandered about the streets for rapid urbanzation, industrialization and nuclear families. In our country, measures for proper guidance for the tramps under the supports of government in 1982 have been carried out. But it has been difficult that we protected without Welfare Acts for them. According to those the study has aimed to provide for the fundamental data to advance public utilities as needs of an administrative organ with focus on contents of nursing records charts, furthermore general traits of subjects perceived details related to diseases. Medical record service has been a 'D' municipal hospital. All the subjects were a total of 4,855 persons, 2.436 in 1992, 2.419 in 1994. 1. Social Traits They mainly have attended a hospital, especially Thursday and Friday from a week and winter from the seasons. They equally have attended a hospital in the beginning, middle and end of the month. They equally have attended a hospital in the months. Government and public offices such as police stations and district offices have trusted them to a hospital. After they left a hospital. their residence has been their home confirmed in the ratio of $59.2\%$. 2. Controling Characteristics of a Medical Institution The proportion of males to females was 7 to 1. In the ages, the adults at the first of adulthood from 25 years to 44 years were $52.6\%$ mostly entered a hospital. In the observations the percentage of patients should be entered total was $8.8\%$. In general. the proportion of changes by fee was about $4\%$. Then the number of patients were on an average from 30. 76 to 32, 55 persons in 1992. It was from 25. 63 to 26. 87 in 1994. But the numbers were 5 to 6. It showed that the number was decreased. 3. Medical Traits The number of days by measured and the number of days which have been entered to a hospital have not made differences. The kinds of diseases were 1.11 in 1992. but were 1. 16 in 1994. In terms of 17 kinds of international diseases divided. the diseases recorded probably have been accidents. poisoning and violence( XVII). digestive trouble(IX). endoctrin disoders. metabolism and dystrophy(III) in orders, then they have been measured $51.0\%,\; 12.7\%,\; 6.8\%$. All patients who have been entered to a hospital severly have been drinking. As the seriousness of drinking and the kinds of diseases have indicated positively correlated. It have indicated that the more serious drinking have been. the more the number of diseases have been. As we have known according to abover results. the Acts for Homeless People related to special medical problems been have revised. furthemore they need to support the basic medical adds in order to maintaim their lives.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.473-480
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• 2004

Recently, they are interested in the relation between night's vehicle accidents of drivers and the dynamic visual acuity at home and aboard. So, in this research, we tried to design an optical system of the inspection equipment to measure the dynamic visual acuity. A optotype standard did to Landolt's ring with 45mm of diameter and 9mm of gap to maintain the visual acuity of 1.0 in the 30m distance. An optical structure of the inspection equipment was composed of the sequence of an observer, a plus refraction lens system, a minus refraction lens system, and an optotype that was arranged to have characteristics that the size of the first virtual image of the optotype made by the minus refraction lens system grows bigger gradually according to the optotype movement to near distance from far distance, and also the first virtual image moves to the principle plane from the focal point of the plus refraction lens system as the size of the first virtual image arranged to the inside of focal distance of plus refraction lens system grows bigger gradually. As doing these processes, we completed the optical system of which characteristic is that the position of the final second virtual image moves to 3m from 50m as the size of the second virtual image made by the plus refraction lens system maintains to be regular.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 1971

This Study was undertaken to evaluate the present health status and fatigue of the workers in T. Industrial Company in Pusan in Jan. 1971. The results were based on a question are from 354 working girls. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The largest portion of the workers, 20.2% of the questioned employees, were observed to lie at age 20. 2. Regarding their formal education, 76.0% of them had completed middle school. while only 7. 1% had graduated from high school, . 3. 63.0% receive 7-8 hrs. of sleep a day while 18.4% receive S-6 hrs. of sleep a day. 4. 36.4% spend leisure time reading: while 15.5% spend it resting and thinking. 5. 53.8% of them live in the company′s dormitory and 31.6% live at home. 6. Time spent in travel to work: 32.8% spent 40-49 min., 23.6% spent 10-29 min. 7. The shift times were reported as: 44.1% wonting from 8 A.M. to 4 P.M. and 33.9% working from 6. A.M. to 2. P.M. which is what they are doing now. 8. Regarding symptoms of fatigue: 1) Physical symptoms were: 48.3% complained of "feeling bean in the legs, ", and 39.3% complained of "general exhaustion. " 2) Psychological symptoms were: 37.6% said that "it is boring to talk"and 26.3% said" they had a desire to be alone". 3) Nitrogenic symptoms were 49.7% complained of "asthenopia"and 37.0% complained of"vertigo and "staggering legs". 9. When asked about the most fatiguing time during work, the following information was reported: 25.2% felt the first hour in the morning was most fatiguing while 22.9% felt the sixth hour in the evening, and 22.8% eelt the fifth hour at night was. 10. 38.4% complained of sleepiness at 3 A.M. and 35.0% at 4 A.M. during night work. 11. 38.1% found Sunday the most fatiguing work day and 20.% found Monday. 12. The results of the effects of their work on certain diseases: 51.1% showed those with anemia as most effected by work. 13. In their Response to the question, "do you eat breakfast\ulcorner"57.0%, the largest portion, answered, " none at all ": 36.3%, enough. 14. Regarding the accident rate relating to the length of time employed at the company 28.5% was the highest accident rate from 5year to 6 year. As a result of this study, it could be concluded that the employer should consider the following points: 1. employ according to the worker′s vocational aptitude. 2. adjust the shifts. 3. offer rest time and off days, and establish recreational facilities. In the end we can contribute to the promotion of the workers of the workers and to the prevention of accidents due to industrial fatigue.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1095-1104
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• 2013

The number of vehicles registered in Korea is rapidly increasing and will reach 18.26 million as of June 2011. The rapid increase of large-size passenger cars and RVs among this number is causing damage to other vehicles when parked in currently installed parking lots, increased civil complaints from the damage, and inconveniences to people trying to pass through parking lots as well. In particular, the car-stoppers indiscriminately installed at the parking lots are also causing accidents and adding to parking problems, causing economic losses. Accordingly, there should be new regulations for the amount of parking space per vehicle and for locations to install the car-stoppers. The research has first reviewed the distribution ratio of vehicle models from home and abroad for the width and length of the vehicles by each model, parking space per vehicle where the car-stoppers are installed and examples of changes in distribution ratio. In addition, the amount of parking space per vehicle was calculated with consideration for various specifications by each car model. As a result, margin width of full sized car is decreased by 18~21mm on the existing width. This is judged decreases accident of parking lot, because length of the front of car is not deviate parking Space Section. In conclusion, presented improvement ideas for parking plans with enhanced convenience and safety from the aspect of the drivers. Parking lot relevant businesses will also be maximized in terms of cost and efficiency when the criteria for the structure of parking lots and their installation is established and the improved parking plan is applied in the future.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.40-46
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• 2017

As one of the solutions to deal with economic loss caused by traffic congestion in metropolitan area, a deep underground road has been planned and implemented at home and abroad. The part of them has been pushed ahead with a double-deck scheme which has an advantage in constructability and cost efficiency comparing to traditional road tunnel. However, the double-deck tunnel has a lower floor height than the general road tunnel due to the special structure used as the upper and lower lines by installing the middle slab on one excavation section. Therefore, it is relatively weak against fire accidents and ventilation problems occurring in tunnels. Thus study to develop the life safety system optimized to a double-deck tunnel has been systematically carried out in order to overcome their weak point. In this study, automatic monitoring fire extinguisher (AMFE) is developed to suppress a fire and prevent its spread at early stage of tunnel fire, conducting the performance test through vehicle fire tests as verification. The tests were conducted with AMFE being 30 m apart from the vehicle and 10 m apart from engine room. As a results, it was confirmed that AMFE enables to suppress a fire and prevent its spread in both cases.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.149-163
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• 2005

Family has emerged as a key concept for health, and it has been identified as one of the most important conditions. The relationship between health habit and its management is different depending on family. The odd pair family, mostly rural lower income class, worry to have poor health because of no spouse and small family size. One thousand eight hundred and seventy(1870) subjects were collected in 9 provinces through the sampling of Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). Questionnaire method was conducted on health checking, bath states, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and the prevalence of farmer's health related problems. The main results were as follows: 1) The characteristics of odd pair families are that the head of household is female(77% ), the size of family is small(1.76 persons), the education level is low(7.5 years for male, 3.1 years for female) and the age group is old (male: 89.78 year old, female: 73.69 year old). 2) For the odd pair family, the frequency of health checking is quite low with one or two times per year(l0.2%) and the rate of no-health checking is much higher(35.8%) .3) Bathing utility is not available 29.6% of the odd pair family and only cold water is supplied at home for the 11.5 % of them. However, for the paired family, 9.8 % of them has no bathing utility and the rate of the family supplied with only cold water is just 7.9%. 4) The bathing frequency score of odd pair family is l.74points for male and 1.25 points for female. 5) The rate of smoking habits for odd pair family is 68.5 % and specially it is 7.6% for female, which is higher comparing with that of pair family. 6) The smoking frequency score of odd pair family is 1.57 points. 7) Alcohol drinking frequency score of odd pair family is 1.79 points for male, and 3.24points for female. 8) Farmers' syndrome(FS) revealed 38.7% of odd pair family and it is lower than that of pair family(57.3%). Special pain of FS was huckle bone and muscle(28.4%) and articular pain(24.l %). The pain rate of huckle bone and muscle(43.l %) and articular pain(33.5%) were higher in a year in odd pair family were lower than those of pair family: farming machine caused accidents(6.5%) and pesticide poisoning(5.7%). l0) The odd pair family use more frequently medical clinic or public health center for the treatment of FS(74.7%) and pesticide poisoning(62.5%) than the pair family for FS(69.0%) and for pesticide poisoning(.53.6%). The score of FS treatment is 5.70 points for odd pair family and it is not significantly different from 5.62 points of the paired family. The result of pesticide poisoning treatment score is as same as that of FS.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.55-69
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the prehospital care report prepared by EMS squads of 119 center in Gyeonggi area and to identify the status of prehospital care activities, problems and improvement possibilities of the emergency care. Method : Five hundred copies of prehospital care report prepared by EMS squads in thirty-eight 119 centers under 18 fire stations in Gyeonggi area from March to April in 2008 were randomly chosen for the analysis. Data abstracted according to the purpose of the study were input and the analysis of prehospital care activities were performed using SPSS-WIN(ver. 16) statistics package. Results : 1. Total 500 cases of prehospital emergency care activities were reviewed. By sex, females were 219 (43.8%) and males were 281 (56.2%). The places of reporting were home (57.8%). According to the type of emergency, 281 cases (56.2%) were caused by disease and 291 (43.8%) were from other causes such as traffic accidents or incidental injuries. 2 The average time needed for the 119 EMS squad to arrive at the scene after being reported was 7.29 minutes. The time used at the scene for the emergency care was 7.3 minutes in average and the time to arrive at the hospital was 25.4 minutes in average. 3. In patient evaluation, in 68% of the cases more than two vital signs were measured at one time and emergency patients were 31%, and non-emergency patients were 69%. 4. In one EMS activity, average 2.15 cases of emergency care were provided to a patient. The cases where two kinds of emergency care were given were 14.4%, which is the most frequent cases. When reviewing the details of the emergency cares given to the patient including multiple cares, trivial cards (taking it easy and giving comfort) were the most frequent one as 40.6% and the medical direction of the doctor was given in only one case out of 500 cases. 5. In patient evaluation and emergency care, vital signs were provided to emergency patients at significantly higher rate comparing to the non-emergency patients. The number of emergency care performance was significantly higher in emergency cases. In emergency dispatch, the cases that EMT (1st class) was on board was 86.2%. When comparing the cases when the 1st class EMT was on board and otherwise, the cases with the presence of 1st class EMT showed more vital signs were detected but there was no significant difference in the number of emergency cares provided. Conclusion : It seemed that the on-scene emergency care did not satisfy the expectations. So it is necessary to enforce the cooperation between the elements, the qualifications of the 119 EMS squads and to improve the prehospital working environment in order to provide the better medical service at any time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1044-1050
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• 2021

After the occurrence of several passenger ship accidents in Korea, various systems are being developed for passenger ship safety management. A total of 162 passenger ships operate along the coast of Korea, of which 105 (65 %) are car-ferries with open vehicle decks. The car-ferry has a navigation pattern that passes through 2 to 4 islands. Safety inspections at the departure point(home port) are carried out by the crew, the operation supervisor of the operation management office, and the maritime safety supervisor. In some cases, self-inspections are carried out for safety inspections at layovers. As with any system, there are institutional and practical limitations. To this end, this study was conducted to suggest a method of detecting a vehicle using image processing and linking it to the calculations for ship stability. For vehicle detection, a method using a difference image and one using machine learning were used. However, a limitation was observed in these methods that the vehicle could not be identified due to strong background lighting from the pier and the ship in the cases where the camera was backlit such as during sunset or at night. It appears necessary to secure sufficient image data and upgrade the program for stable image processing.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.3 s.27
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• pp.389-397
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• 1989

To identify the problems in child rearing practice of employed mothers in urban poor area, all of 201 women with children under 6 years old living in Yun San 3 Dong, a poor area of Pusan city, were interviewed with a questionnaire by a trained interviewer from 10th April to 10th May 1989. Among 201 women, 51 women were employed and 150 women were unemployed. Of the employed mothers 78.5% got their jobs because of economical need and 31.4% of them worker for 60-69 hours per week. Their average monthly income was 100,000-190,000 Won in 33.4% and 200,000-290,000 Won in 25.4% Breast milk was fed in 66.0% of the children of unemployed mothers while 49.0 of the children of the employed mothers were breast-fed (p<0.05). The most common reason for not breast feeding was shortage of breast milk among unemployed mothers (58.9%) but that of the employed mothers was their job(63.6%). The basic immunization for children was completed in 70.5% of children of employed mothers as compared with 82.0% of the children of the unemployed mothers were completely immunized (p>0.1). Accident experience rate of children among the employed mothers was 23.5 a and that of the children of the unemployed mothers was 17.3% . The most common cause of acident in children of the unemployed mothers was carelessness while they were playing(34.6%) but in children of the employed mothers it was traffic accident(25.0%) and falling(25.0%). Most of the traffic accidents took place while the children's brother or sister of age under 14 years were baby sitting. When the accident took place 73.1% of the unemployed mothers were just at home, but 58.3% of the employed mothers were out of home for work. In case of the employed mothers, 58.7% of their children were looked after by an adult mainly grandparents, 15.7% by the children's brothers and sisters under 14 years old, and 3.9% of the children were left alone. A majority of the unemployed mothers wanted to get a job if someone could take care of their children. To facilitate the women employment and for the safety and health of the children, good nurseries for working mothers need to be established at a cost they can afford.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2004

In modern times, children's trauma is increasing every year because of car accidents and life environment changes. There is a limit to prevent traumatic damage for oral cavity organization. The fundamental data of trauma treatment and prevention will be presented through the survey and analysis of traumatic teeth damage. I examined 113 patients from Oct. 4th, 2000 to Feb. 27th, 2004 at Dept. of Children's Dental Clinic, Kangnung National University. The results are as follows. (1) The trauma frequency of male subjects is higher than that of female at a rate of 2.05:1. The average age is 5.27 for men and 5.27 for women. The highest percentage of trauma patients is among 2 year old children. It is 21.2%. (2) A patient survey was taken at a trauma treatment hospital. On the first day 34.4% of the patients had come to receive treatment of their first set of teeth. However, after a week, 38.8% of the patients had received treatment on their permanent teeth. (3) As a result of falling, 59% of patients needing treatment on their first set of teeth. 55.1% of patients is permanent teeth. As a result of bump against physical solid, 26.6% of patients is the first set of teeth and 26.5% of patients is permanent teeth. (4) Teeth damage happened at home. 42.1% were male. 35.1% were female. According to trauma, 59.4% of teeth damage happened at home. 28.6% of permanent teeth damage happened at school or kindergarten. (5) According to trauma, the number of teeth damaged was in the first set of teeth are as follows: 56.3%, one-31.3%, three or four-6.3% each. For permanent teeth: two-46.9%, one-28.6%, four over-16.3% and three-8.2%. Over four teeth is larger number for permanent teeth. (6) 56% of first set of teeth patients and 43.4% of permanent teeth patients were male. 56.8% of first set of teeth patients and 43.2% of permanent teeth were female. Trauma happened to both male and female frequently in the first set of teeth. (7) Most of the tooth damage which was in the first set of teeth and permanent teeth was done to the upper jaw. 75% of patients are the first set of teeth. 63.8% of patients are permanent teeth. Trauma is very high in the two mid teeth of the upper jaw. (8) According to trauma survey, 30.2% is from impulse. 28.0% is from crown fracture, 14.7% is from depression. 8.9% is from concussion. 7.1% is from full dislocation of a joint. 2.2% of patients are extrusion. 1.8% is from displacement. According to teeth damage trauma, 35.8% is pulse in the first set of teeth. The breaking of the crown of a tooth happened a lot in permanent teeth. (9) According to data, 43.2% of teeth damage in the first set of teeth goes without treatment. In permanent teeth, it is 38.9%. After treatment, 22.0% of first set of teeth treatment requires a dental pulp treatment. In permanent teeth, which is used for temporary acid etching resin restoration.