• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2003년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.17-26
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• 2003

Nalita wood(Trema orientalis) is one of the fastest growing woods in the world. It may be a viable species for pulpwood. The physical, chemical and morphological properties of Nalita were studied. The total lignin, pentosan and holocellulose content in Nalita wood were 24.7%, 22% and 81.2%, respectively. Its fiber length was about 0.92 mm, which are comparable to Acacia mangium. Nitrobenzene oxidation of Nalita wood meal indicated that the guaciayl and syringyl unit were the major constituent of Nalita lignin. Nalita produced 50% pulp yield at Kappa number 21 in soda-anthraquinone process. The strength properties of Nalita pulp were comparable to other tropical hardwood pulp. At $40_{\circ}$ SR, the breaking length, burst index, tear index and total energy absorption were 6000 m, $3.5kPa{\cdot}m^2/g\;and\;7.0mN{\cdot}m^2/g\;and\;75J/m^2$, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.387-394
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• 1992

Decomposition in the litteras of platanus orientalis was studied by month in the dam of seoul national university. total amounts of the litter had the tendency to decrease with the laps of the time. Those of crude protein and phosphate contents, however, increased much more than initial amounts. It was throught that the growth of aquatic microbes gave rise to increase them. Dry weight, organic matter and holocellulose tended to decreased gradually. But, the amount of calcium loss increased rapidly since march and then the amoung of potassium and sodium decreased slowly. It was thought that this changing pattern was ascribed to water temperature, the growth of aquaqtic microbes and the leaching of soluble parts by stream current.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.96-104
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• 1999

Anatomical and chemical properties of three mulberry species (Morus spp) were analyzed as an alternative row material for the paper mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki) . The pulping and papermaing characteristics of bast fiber and whole stalks by three different pulping processes, conventional alkali, alkali-hydrogen peroxide, and sulfomethylated, for the Hanji were investigated. The fiber dimension of M.bombycis was the biggest of the species. The fiber length of upper part and the fiber width and cell wall thickness of lower part were bigger than the others. The extractives and ash contents of bast fiber were higher than those of whole stalk , and holocellulose and lignin contents of whole stalk were higher than those of bast fiber. The pulp yields of M.alba bast fiber, M.bombycis whole stalk, and sufomethylated pulping were higher than the others.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2003

Nalita wood (Trema orientalis), one of the fastest growing woods in the world, is characterized anatomical, morphological and chemical properties at annual growth ring level in order to investigate as papermaking raw material. The proportion of fibers and vessel was increased with an increase of growth ring (from pith to bark). The fiber length of Nalita was increased with increasing growth ring, and an average fiber length was about 817 um. The average basic density of Nalita was about 0.38 g/cc. The total lignin & holocellulose in Nalita were increased and ash & alcohol-benzene extract decreased from pith to bark. These values were about 23.5 - 24.4 ％, 78.1 - 80.1 ％, 1.04 - 0.92 ％ and 2.1 - 1.8 ％, respectively. The xylan was the predominant sugar in the hemicellulose of Nalita.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

This study was carried out to develop the automation bark peeling process of paper mulberry for making Hanji. Nowadays, almost raw material has been imported from south-east asia for making Hanji. Raw material dependence is very high for Hanji-making by low productivity in korea. This study is focused on the resolution for problem of bark peeling automation. Water and sand jet of compressed air was possible bark peeling for black bast fiber. The effect of removing black bast fiber increased the longer the steaming time. Also using drum of bark peeling showed that results under temperature $80^{\circ}C$ and Rpm 50/min were best bark peeling and separating bast fiber from stem. The contents of holocellulose, lignin, ethanol-benzene extractives, and ash were 91.63~95.55%, 1.4~2.0%, 1.12~1.65%, and 1.4~4.3%, respectively. Chemical characteristics are similar between imported raw-material with drum bark.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2017

Enzymatic treatment was conducted to hydrolyze pure cellulose nanofiber (PCNF), holocellulose nanofiber (HCNF), and lignocellulose nanofiber (LCNF) for 6, 24 and 72 hours and thus-obtained nanofibers (1, 3, 5, 10 wt%) were used to reinforce polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Glucose production yield was increased by enzymatic hydrolysis. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of all PVA nanocomposite reinforced three nanofibers were improved by increasing enzymatic hydrolysis time of nanofibers and these values were higher in order of nanocomposite reinforced with PCNF>HCNF>LCNF. Furthermore, tensile properties of nanocomposite with PCNF were increased by nanofiber content. Thermal stability of PVA was improved by adding nanofibers and by increasing nanofiber content.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2014

Kinetics of holocellulose hydrolysis in concentrated sulfuric acid was analyzed using $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy with different reaction time, temperature and acid concentration in secondary hydrolysis. In this work, reaction condition of secondary hydrolysis was similar to concentrated sulfuric acid process with electrodialysis or simulated moving bed chromatography process for sulfuric acid recycling. By $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy, acid hydrolyzates from higher secondary acid hydrolysis (25-35% acid concentration) was successfully analyzed without any difficulties in neutralization or adsorption of acid hydrolyzate to solid salt. Higher acid concentration, higher temperature and longer reaction time led to more cellulose for glucose conversion but accompanied with glucose to galactose isomerization, glucose to unknown compounds and degradation of glucose to organic acid via furans.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.222-228
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• 2008

The chemical composition and thermal, crystal characterization of oak mushroom waste were investigated in comparison with those normal oak wood for utilization of cellulose from oak mushroom waste. The oak mushroom waste contained a higher percentage of ash, and hot water extractives than oak wood. This results indicated that the materials inside the body are easily decomposed during the oak mushroom cultivation. The lower percentage of holocellulose and a-cellulose of oak mushroom waste caused by fungal decomposition too. Whereas, the thermal decomposition behavior and crystallinity of oak mushroom waste was similar to that of normal oak wood, which indicated that the cellulose characterization of oak mushroom waste is resistant to fungal decomposition. In additionally, a degree of polymerization of oak mushroom waste must be investigate for examination of cellulose crystalline characterization, especially.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1980

한국(韓國)의 특산수종(特産樹種) 구상나무재(材)의 화학적(化学的) 조성분(組成分)을 분석조사(分析調査)하여 본바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하여 보면 아래와 같다. 1. 회분함량(灰分含量)의 범위(範囲)는 0.33~0.76%로서 평균(平均) 0.56%였다. 2. 냉수추출물(冷水抽出物)은 5.50~12.50% 범위(範囲)의 함량치(含量値)를 보였는데 평균(平均) 8.76%였다. 3. 열수추출물(熱水抽出物)은 4.80~13.65%로서 평균(平均) 10.16%의 함량치(含量値)를 보였다. 4. 염기추출물(塩基抽出物)은 최소(最少) 5.51%에서 최고(最高) 25.44%의 함량치(含量値)를 보였는데 평균(平均) 4.23%였다. 5. Alcohol-Benzol 추출물(抽出物)은 2.94~5.44%로서 평균(平均) 4.23%였다. 6. Holocellulose 함량(含量)은 73.68%에서 79.10%의 정량치(定量値)를 보였는데 평균(平均) 76.49%였다. 7. Cellulose 함량치(含量値)는 평균(平均) 56.30%로서 46.02~61.33%의 범위(範囲)였고 이중(中) ${\alpha}$-Cellulose가 78.34%, ${\beta}$-Cellulose가 7.66%, ${\gamma}$-Cellulose가 14.04%였다. 8. Klason lignin의 함량치(含量値)는 평균(平均) 25.30%로서 22.50~27.00% 의 범위(範囲)였다. 9. Pentosan 함량(含量)은 7.90~13.66%의 정량치(定量値)를 보였는데 평균(平均) 10.44%였다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)하면 회분함량(灰分含量)과 각추출물(各抽出物)의 함량(含量)은 대체(大体)로 타쇠업수재(他釙業樹材)와 비슷하였고 Holl cellulose 함량(含量)은 76.49%로서 잣나무재(材)에서 보다 정량치(定量値)가 높고 소나무재(材)와는 비슷하였으며 특(特)히 Cellulose 함량 56.30% 중(中) 78.34%의 높은 ${\alpha}$-Cellulose 함량율(含量率)을 보여 우수(優秀)한 Pulp화학(化學) 공업재료(工業材料)인 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 임산에너지
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• 24권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

친환경적으로 돈분뇨를 처리하기 위하여 목질칩을 이용한 정화조에서 장기 처리한 목질칩과 돈분뇨 성분의 변화 양상을 관찰하였다. 자체 제작한 정화조에 히터를 가동하면서 3일 후 발효 적정온도인 $55{\sim}60^{\circ}C$에 도달하였고, $180{\iota}$/일 돈분뇨 분해능을 보기는 정화조에서 사용하는 목질칩의 성분은 돈분뇨의 처리시기가 경과함에 따라 회분의 양이 증가하여 돈분뇨 자체에 포함되어 있는 여러 무기물 함량이 더해진 것으로 보였다. 알칼리와 유기용매추출물 및 Klason 리그닌함량은 거의 변화가 없었고, 무처리칩에 비해 흘로셀룰로오스의 양은 약 10% 감소하여 발효 중 목질칩이 부탄소원으로 이용되었을 가능성이 있다고 판단되었다. 장기 처리된 돈분뇨의 성분 중 무기물 함량($Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;K^+,\;Na^+$ 등)은 무처리칩에 비해 처리기간에 파라 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 중금속(Cd, As, Cu 등)은 거의 검출되지 않았다. 돈분뇨 원액에 비해 전질소 함량은 감소하나 무처리칩보다는 높은 수치를 보여 나중에 돈분뇨를 발효, 분해한 목질칩을 산지의 퇴비화에 사용해도 환경적 문제가 없을 것이라고 판단되었다. 장기 처리에 따른 미생물 변이는 반응기 내의 온도가 급격히 상승하면서 생균수가 증가하였다.