• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.177-188
• /
• 2019

Suppose G is a molecular graph with edge set E(G). The hyper-Zagreb index of G is defined as $HM(G)={\sum}_{uv{\in}E(G)}[deg_G(u)+deg_G(v)]^2$, where $deg_G(u)$ is the degree of a vertex u in G. In this paper, all chemical trees of order $n{\geq}12$ with the first twenty smallest hyper-Zagreb index are characterized.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.100 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the change of photosynthesis, leaf and fruit according to crown layers in Actinidia arguta and hybrid kiwi. Photosynthesis rate (PPFD $1,000{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}s^{-1}$) were 5.82, 7.11, $9.54{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ at lower, middle, and upper position, respectively in 3 layer cultivation type. The length and area of leaves collected from lower position have lager value than upper position. The fruit quality of A. arguta and hybrid kiwifruit increased with increasing crown height. A linear correlation ($R^2=0.72$, 0.89 and 0.98) was shown between fruit weight (Boeun 4, Injea 16 and HM3) and the height of crown layer(layer 1, 2, and 3). From the results, we can suppose that the tree of the upper position of crown layer in the cultivation of A. arguta and hybrid kiwifruit produce high quality fruit due to its high photosynthesis ability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.55 no.8 s.99
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2005

Collections in the buddhist statue owned by Dr. Jong-Hm Baik(白宗欽) included 3 ancient documents and 2 wooden cylinders that showed a clear historical order. The temple and buddhist statue that these objects were belonged to were not known, however, according to the document, it could be inferred as Chunsukwaneumsang(천수관음상) created in 1322 and reformed in 1614 from the list of donator for the statue. Inside a wooden cylinder, a bundle of ivory, yellow, green, orange, and dark brown fabrics that were folded up and tided up with 5 different colored thread strands and aromatic trees and rice plant was placed on the bottom. All the fabrics were silk. Three thread strands were silk. The white and blue strands were cotton fibers as a result of analysis of IR spectrum and the microscope. According to a radioactive carbon isotope dating by accelerator mass spectroscopy, years before present was 160$\pm$40, and cablibrated ages were 1680-1890 (79.3$\%$), 1910-1960(16.1$\%$) in 95.4$\%$ probability. Accordingly, the fabrics in the buddhist statue proved to be reformed in 1614 not the original ones in 1322.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.2262-2275
• /
• 1971

Fourteenes rervoirs maintained by the local land improvement associations in the province of Chullabuk-Do and 20 reservoir maintained by thos in the province of Chullanam-Do, were surveyed in connection with a correction between storage capacity and sediment deposit. In addition to this survey, 3,347 of small reservoir, that lie scattered around in the above-mentioned two provinces were investigated by using existing two provinces were investigated by using existing records pertaining to storage capacity in the office of City and country, respectively. According to this investigation the following comclusions are derived. 1. A sediment deposition rate is high, being about $10.63m^3/ha$ of drainage area, and resulting in the average decreasc of storage capaity by 27.5%. This high rate of deposition coule be mainly attributed to the serve denudation of forests due to disorderly cuttings of trees. Easpecially, in small reservoir, an original average design storage depth of 197mm in irrigation water depth is decreased to about 140mm. 2. An average unit storage depth of 325.6mm as the time of initial construction is decreased to 226mm at present. This phenomena causes a greater shortage irrigation water, since it was assumed that original storage quantity was already in short. 3. Generally speaking, seepage rates through dam abutment intakepipe, etc, are high due to insufficient maintenance and management of reservoir. 4. It is recommended that sediment deposit should be dredged when a reservoir is dry in drought. 5. Farmers usually waste excessive irrigation water. 6. Water saving methods should be practiced by applying only necessary water for growing stage of rice. 7. In are as where water defficiency for irrigation is severe, a soil moisture content should be kept at about 70% by applying water once in several days. 8. Tube wells should be provided so as to exploit ground water and subsurface current below stream bed as much as possible. 9. If an intake weir was constructed, a water collection well should be built for the use in drought. 10. Water conservation should be forced by converting devastated forests contained in the drainage area of reservoir to protected forests so as to take priority of yrefor estation, gully control, the prohibition of disorderly cutting of trees, etc. 11. Collective rice nurseries should be adopted, and it should be recommended that irrigation water for rice nurseries is supplied by farmer themselves. 12. Sediment desposit in reservoir should be thoroughly dreged so as to secure a original design storage capacity. 13. The structure of overflow weir should be automatic so as to freely control flood level and not to increase dam height.