• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.2
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• pp.49-74
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• 2004

It has been frequently pointed out that the established art history with the stylistic and iconographic interpretations and monographic analysis is fallen behind the currency of modern art. Among those who claimed the crisis in the discipline of art history, there is a suggestion that the art historical study should be fostered by other factors in the fields of the humanities. The so called New Art History or 'visual Culture Studies' insists that art history has to be restructured to integrate the broader study of culture and society, and by now, such an opinion is not a novelty at all. One of the most significant yet overlooked elements that induced the new currency of art history is properties of contemporary art that conflict the traditional claim of art historians. Although the idea that art is not purely aesthetic but that it has many other functions has been brought up by the art historians, it was the artists that provoked such a perception. When Arthur C. Danto and Hans Belting proclaimed the End of Art and Art History in the 1980s, the concept of art has been changed radically through the avant-garde tendency of Modernism and a new pluralism of Postmodernism. One dominant concern that strikes art historians is to find a new approach to art, since the traditional method and goal of analysis for past art and past art history seem unavailable. The perplexity arising from the situation is intensified in the field of teaching art, especially for those who teach art history in art school. Basically art history is a pursuit of learning of art in history, and its purpose is to reconcile the present with the past and the future as well. Since Modernism, as it is confusing sometimes because it implies the present state, somehow art became considered 'tradition-less'. It does not mean that a work of art stands aloof from the past attainments, hut modern art imposed itself on a task seeking after the new for its own sake, turning its back on the tradition. And now in the era of Postmodernism, an historians face the requirement to revaluate the whole history of art including modernism. The necessity of art history in art education is indisputable, but methods and contents in the academic courses should he reexamined now. Because artists' concept of history and past art has been altered, and art history as a humanistic discipline can only maintain its identity through incorporation with art itself. Academics teaching art history, or, strictly speaking, past works of art and history, to the student in art school, confront with the need to rethink the object of art history and its meaning to the artists.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.305-314
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• 2016

In this study, a quantitative assessment was carried out in order to identify the agricultural drought in time and space using the Terra MODIS remote sensing data for the agricultural drought. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were selected by MOD13A3 image which shows the changes in vegetation conditions. The land cover classification was made to show only vegetation excluding water and urbanized areas in order to collect the land information efficiently by Type1 of MCD12Q1 images. NDVI and EVI index calculated using land cover classification indicates the strong seasonal tendency. Therefore, standardized Vegetation Stress Index Anomaly (VSIA) of EVI were used to estimated the medium-scale regions in Korea during the extreme drought year 2001. In addition, the agricultural drought damages were investigated in the country's past, and it was calculated based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) using the data of the ground stations. The VSIA were compared with SPI based on historical drought in Korea and application for drought assessment was made by temporal and spatial correlation analysis to diagnose the properties of agricultural droughts in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.245-253
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• 2020

This study is a longitudinal analysis of the life satisfaction of Generation X and Generation Y, with different historical backgrounds, growth backgrounds, values, and lifestyles, using data from the Korean Welfare Panel(KOWEPS). The research data is from the KOWEPS 1st year(2006) to 14th year(2019), out of 27,301 people, who conducted life satisfaction from the latest 12th to 14th year, and the responses were properly answered data from 3 years of 2,492 were used. As a result of the study, the higher the life satisfaction of both Generation X and Generation Y, the more the life satisfaction slowly increases at a slower rate as time passes. In addition, in terms of life satisfaction and rate of change, the initial value of life satisfaction was higher as the living satisfaction increased in both Generation X and Generation Y, but in the case of Generation X, the higher living satisfaction, the lower the rate of change in life satisfaction for 3 years by .327, in the case of Generation Y, the rate of change in life satisfaction was not affected. Finally, in the model of this study, a partial mediation of health condition was established between living satisfaction and life satisfaction tendency. Living satisfaction was analyzed to have a direct effect on life satisfaction and at the same time indirectly with a health condition as a parameter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.12-19
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the channel changes according to the temporal and spatial distribution of the deposition area by the vegetation invasion in Kyesung-river. The deposition area mainly occurred by landslide and debris flow from the headwater channel. And also the movement of subsequent downstream depends upon the site of deposits by a varity erosional processes. As the age of deposition area is older, it had a tendency to stable by plant invasion relatively. The vegetations grown in deposition area were very effective to estimate a historical deformation process of river-bed occurred by landslide. The vegetations around deposition area consisted of the same as tree species grown in forest area of circumference like Pinus densiflora, Styrax japonica, Quercus acutissima and Salix gracilistyla. If the torrential stream is flooding, the deposition area of 1 to 5 years can be change to the channel easily. Deposition area of 11 to 23 years had a high river-bed because it passed long time since deposited, and amount of sedimention is much more in wide than in narrow channel. It is consider that the change of channel had many influenced by the span of survial time, scale and movement frequency of deposition area after the vegetation invasion.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.244-257
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• 2020

State-designated rain gauge pedestals, including a rain gauge support, were installed in front of the "Imunwon" at Changdeok Palace, made from various rock types. Some of those pedestals provide exact information on their production dates. These rain gauge pedestals are highly valuable as scientific instruments; however, there has been insufficient scientific research carried out on them. Therefore, precise analysis and conservative consideration are required. As a result of petrographic character analysis, the Changdeokgung rain gauge pedestal has been classified as marble. Furthermore, comparison of the results of P-XRF analysis with GSJ reference samples (JLs-1, JDo-1) has determined it to be dolomitic marble. Applying the same analysis to other state-designated rain gauge pedestals, it was presumed that the rain gauge supports at Gyeongsand-do Provincial Office and Gwansanggam were each made from aplite, pinkish medium-to-coarse biotite granite. Results confirmed that only the Changdeokgung rain gauge pedestal was made from marble. Marble is viewed as having an identity specificity rooted in a certain historical background. According to the tendency towards stone figures being made from marble, especially dolomitic marble, it is necessary to further studies whether particular rocks were used to make royal stone figures in Joseon Dynasty.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.165-188
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• 2009

This paper has suggested the methodology for the frontier portfolios and the optimal portfolio under the mean-VaR framework, not assuming the normal distribution and considering the investor's preferences for the higher moments of return distributions. It suggested the grid and rank approach which did not need an assumption about return distributions to find the frontier portfolios. And the optimal portfolio was selected using the utility function that considered the 3rd and the 4th moments. For the application of the methodology, weekly returns of the developed countries index, the emerging market index and the KOSPI index were used. After the frontier portfolios of the mean-variance framework and the mean-VaR framework were selected, the optimal portfolios of each framework were compared. This application compared not only the difference of the standard deviation but also the difference of the utility level and the certainty equivalent expressed by weekly expected returns. In order to verify statistical significances about the differences between the mean-VaR and the mean-variance, this paper presented the statistics which were obtained by the historical simulation method using the bootstrapping. The results showed that an investor under the mean-VaR framework had a tendency to select the optimal portfolio which has bigger standard deviation, comparing to an investor under the mean-variance framework. In addition, the more risk averse an investor is, the bigger utility level and certainty equivalent he achieves under the mean-VaR framework. However, the difference between the two frameworks were not significant in statistical as well as economic criterion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.86-97
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• 2018

City tour service has a function not only informs tourists of historical and cultural resources in the city but also contributes to improving city image making. In this study, a questionnaire was surveyed to tourists who used Suwon city tour to find out which factors make affect their intention to re-visit or recommendation to others. Structural equation model was constructed and set a hypothesis that overall city tour satisfaction would have a positive effect. The fitness of the final model was found out to be meet the statistical criteria. As a result of the final model, both satisfaction of guide and satisfaction of city tour operation were significant at 5% significance level (P<0.01). On the other hand, both satisfaction of bus facility and of promotion, customer service were statistically insignificant. Consequently, City tour service satisfaction was found to effect to the intention of re-visit and recommendation. Especially, The higher the satisfaction of guide and city tour operation, the more tendency to recommend. It is expected that local government which operates city tour bus could take advantage of this result in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.64
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• pp.27-62
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• 2020

The article has the characteristics of a preliminary writing about how to look at the trend of new archives 'fever' and 'impulsion' emerging around the domestic and foreign art world, which have not been paid much attention yet in the 'mainstream' archive research, and how to accept it independently. Specifically, this study aims to examine how archival art is involved in history and memory with aesthetic attitudes and methods through observation of recent tendency of domestic archive art, and what implications or influence the 'archival impulse' phenomenon in the art world can have on the research trend of 'archival studies.' First, I would like to look at the meaningful movement to reinterpret and actively accept archival impulses in concrete overseas cases, that is, the archive system of a public archive in the United States. This is followed by an attempt to explore the characteristics and characteristics of creative works that are carried out through the medium of archives, that has not yet reached the level of organization of specific archive methods but are sporadically attempted in the domestic art world. It examines how so-called 'archive artists' record unrecorded in a way that is not observed in the existing archival world, and how they summon and include excluded history in aesthetic language. In conclusion, this study explores the possibility of pulling the historical records of tradition out from archival boxes and reinterpreting them as living archives within the contemporary emotional structure from this new artistic trend called 'archival art'.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.41-68
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• 1996

This thesis is a try for examining the historical characteristics of Constiutional medicine. For this purpose, I have examined their theory, and made a comparison carefully. Through this study, I have obtained several results as following. Both Chang and Lee lived in the time of change, which was unstable and uncertain. Under the condition, they both rejected following the existing trends of learned circles, and developed new thoughts and clinical techniques. They rejected superstitious beliefs and fatalism, and conducted the pursuit of experimental knowledge and rationale idea. Clinical experience was the very base of their study. They both criticized the bad habits of abuse of tonifing medication and health seeking. Especially Lee regarded control of emotion and regulation of a way of life as the best way for preservation of one's health. Chang regarded pathogenic factors as the ultimate factor of diseases, and strived for eliminating pathogenic factors, but L brought to a conclusion that the final factor of diseases was what is called "heart" itself, and emotional changes were the most essential causes of disease. It can be said that the pathogenesis insisted by Chang can be called The insistence that pathologic factors are the very etiology of all the disease (邪氣致病論), or all the diseases result from pathologic factors. And his whole remedy can be summarized as following, A study on the method of eliminating pathogenic factors. But the purpose of Constitutional medicine is to correct imbalance intrinsic to one's internal organs. In this aspect, Constitutional medicine is a "regulatory medicine". Depending on the classification of six vital substances, Chang classified all disease into six categories. These were based on symptoms and sings represented. While classification of diseases made by Lee was likely to rely upon constitutional characteristics. Chang thought that the three remedies made up of perspiration, purgation, vomiting were the most efficient way of eliminating pathogenic factors. Lee, however, thought those weren't methods of eliminating pathogenic factors but the best ways restoring one's self-regulation power. Chang thought that all the febrile disease essentially has a tendency in properties to belong to "heat", but Lee pointed out that pathologic processes are variable in accordance with constitutional features. They both regarded pathogenesis of diabetes as fire. That is to say, fire is the most essential factor of diabetes. And there are many risk factors such as inappropriate foods, drugs, climate, etc., but Lee thought what is most important is heart. Putting all accounts together, medical characteristics of Chang are similar to those of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, and have no relation to those of those of Shaoyinjen. Therefore we can conclude that Chang understood pathologic processes of disease of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, whether he knew about constitutional features or not.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.123-139
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• 2001

In the history of linguistics in the world the scholars in India could be regarded as the representative linguists, who had provided the cornerstone of the academic development at linguistics. Without looking into the contents of Indian linguistic theories devised and developed in the past it would be almost impossible to account for the origin of descriptive linguistics and historical linguistics. These linguistics trends became full-fledged in 19 and 20 century and are still accepted by a lot of researchers in order to analyze newly revealed languages and train students only coming up the toddling level of linguistic studies. In this paper I will show how far the influence of Indian linguistics has colored the flow of linguistic growth historically. Especially through the analysis of Panini grammar I will prove the intimate relationship between the Indian linguistic theory and the generative grammar - it is the most active theory at present. The methods that Panini applied to constitute the rules like sutra include lots of information, that also could be discovered at the rules postulated in the generative grammar. One of the common features found at both linguistic theories is the simplicity of rule representation. At the generative grammar a rule has to be established without any redundancy. When certain number of sounds like p, b, m show the same phonological. change relevant to lips (labial in linguistic term) different rules need not to be given for each sound separately. It is better to find a way of putting the sounds together in a rule with grouping the 3 sounds with the shared phonetic feature 'labial'. In Panini grammar the form of a rule was decided based on the simplicity, too. For example, sutra 6.1.77 shows the phonological connection between the vowels i, u r 1 and the semi-vowels y, v, r, 1. However, it does not require to postulate 4 individual rules respectively. Instead a rule in which the vowels and the semi-vowels are involved is suggested, and linguistically the rule make it clear that the more simpler the rules will be the better they can reflect the efficiency of human language acquisition. Although the systems introduced at Panini grammar have some sense of distance from the language education itself we cannot deny the fact that the grammar formulates the a turning point of linguistic development. It is essential for us to think over the grammar from the view point of the modem linguistic theories to understand their root and trunk more thoroughly. It will also help us to predict in which way linguistic tendency will proceed to in future.