• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.57-76
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• 2011

This study is on the pedagogical convention of architectural history in Korea, especially that of Western Architecture. Recent institutional change in architectural school in Korea has caused overall restructuring of academic program. In spite of extension in the field of history there was no progress of method and way of thinking. There is no change in the point of view to see the western architecture and its history as a unique and specialized phenomenon in the civilization of mankind. Because of no recognition about for what, for whom, and how to, and because of orientalism, the cultural position of western architectural history and its narrative was not asked. With the help of post-colonialism, de-constructivism and critical historiography this paper tries to show the fundamental premise of western architectural history as a myth and show its prejudice as not being justifiable. The background of the discourse there has been a representation effect with regard to knowledge as a power. we need to escape from this kind of cognitional frame With the analysis of the its premise and narrative we can find it is a historical construct that was made in the age of imperialism. In fact it has a lot of false information and problematic point of view. The Identity and originality of western architecture and its history has no logical reason or foundation if we think that it depends on the difference and comparison with other civilization. For example the explanation of its historical origin western architecture has big difference with Islamic architecture in spite of the resemblance each other. This paper try to show several reasons that discourse of western architectural history can not be survived any longer. So we need to reconstruct new pedagogy with deconstruction for the students of non western, or Korean students. Because it has important effect to see and think about architecture and its history.

• 복식
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.117-134
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• 2010

The multilateral attempt for present applications of art school of thought and expression is leading modern fashion as a chapter of various artistic expression. In fashion, historic art thinking which predominated the period are source of optional inspiration not simply being generated, culminated and disappear but layout principles which can reemerge as periodical needs. In other words, the past styles are the source of inspiration of new trend of the present time and will serve as the text that give birth to yet another trend. In this study, I conducted the research on the layout principles of Modernism Architecture in aspects of pure visibility and the layout characteristics. And I analyzed cases of modern fashion which were appling architectural layout principles in the view point of formal construction dimension. As the result, the layout principles of Modernism Architecture have the characteristics of diagram linearity, geometric planarity and exclusive closing. And I was applying the architectural layout principles of Modernism to fashion. The layout principles of Modernism Architecture have the tendency of lacking history types, abstract plane partition and reductionism purity in fashion. The meaning of this study is follows: The characteristics of art school of thought are given shape by appling & analysing the architectural layout principles of historical art school of thought to modern fashion in the view point of formal construction dimension. The applied possibility of historical art school of thought as the source of inspiration about the fashion design is extended.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.65-80
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to investigate into the meaning of the New Brutalism sensed in the late church buildings of the Swedish architect Sigurd Lewerentz (1885-1975). St Mark's (1956-64) and St Peter's (1962-66) churches, his grand finale designs, have a unique architectural vocabulary of rough brickwork. The brick treatment is the basis on which Reyner Banham (1966) discussed him concerning the New Brutalism, and the point that this research focuses on. This paper explores the brutalist character of the buildings from two aspects - interpretational level of individual buildings and historical level of a broader view. First, the character of two churches could be interpreted with the phrase of 'play between brutality and sacredness'. The rough surface of brick and mortar in the buildings symbolises brutality and the vault of their chapels' ceiling sacredness. And the two characteristics meet and play on the rough vault surface. Second, in the historical point of view, this paper argues that the buildings made a giant leap for Swedish modern architecture, which had been at a deadlock owing to the compromising attitude of the New Empiricism since 1940s. And the Swedish New Empiricism (or the New Humanism), spread to Britain as "Welfare State architecture" after World War II, brought about reaction of the young British architects such as the Smithsons and became the background that made the new brutalist mood. However, considering that the term of the New Brutalism was first used in Sweden by Hans Asplund, Lewerentz's brutalist late churches - which seemingly had nothing to do with the British nor the Corbusian lineage - are also meaningful in that they confirmed the tendency in its homeland. In conclusion, this paper argues that St Mark's and St Peter's churches with the brutalist characteristics should be regarded as crucial buildings not only in Lewerentz's personal career but also in Swedish and international architectural history.

• 수완나부미
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.121-146
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• 2016

Defining key characteristics of Southeast Asia requires historical interpretation. Southeast Asia is a diverse and complicated region, but some of modern history's "grand narratives" serve to unify its historical experience. At a minimum, the modern history of the region involves decisive encounters with universal religions, the rise of Western colonialism, the experience of world wars, decolonization, and the end of the "cycle of violence". The ability of the region's peoples to adapt to these many challenges and successfully build new nations is a defining feature of Southeast Asia's place in the global stage. This paper will begin with a question: is it possible to develop a hermeneutic of "expedience" as a way to interpret the region's history? That is, rather than regard the region from a purely Western, nationalist, "internalist" point of view, it would be useful to identify a new series of interpretative contexts from which to begin scholarly analysis. In order to contextualize this discussion, the paper will draw upon the writings of figures who explored the region before knowledge about it was shaped by purely colonist or nationalist enterprises. To this end, particular attention will be devoted to exploring some of John Furnivall's ways of conceptualizing Southeast Asia. Investigating Furnivall, a critic of colonialism, will be done in relation to his historical situation. Because Furnivall's ideas have played a pivotal role in the interpretation of Southeast Asia, the paper will highlight the intellectual history of the region in order to ascertain the value of these concepts for subsequent historical interpretation. Ultimately, the task of interpreting the region's history requires a framework which will move beyond the essentializing orientalist categories produced by colonial scholarship and the reactionary nation-building narratives which followed. Instead, by beginning with a mode of historical interpretation that focuses on the many realities of expedience which have been necessary for the region's peoples, it may be possible to write a history which highlights the extraordinarily adaptive quality of Southeast Asia's populations, cultures, and nations. To tell this story, which would at once highlight key characteristics of the region while showing how they developed through historical encounters, would go a long way to capturing Southeast Asia's contribution's to global development.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.539-558
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• 2016

Minarets are almost the inevitable part of Mosques in Islam and according to some, from a philosophical point of view, today they symbolize the spiritual elevation of man towards God. Due to slenderness, minarets are susceptible to earthquakes and wind loads. They are mostly built in a masonry style by using cut limestone blocks or occasionally by using bricks. In this study, one minaret (M1 Minaret) of one of the charmest mosques of Turkey, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, popularly known as Blue Mosque, built between 1609 and 1616 on the order of Sultan Ahmed by the architect Mehmet Agha is investigated under some registered earthquake loads. According to historical records, a great earthquake hit Istanbul and/or its close proximity approximately every 250 years. Ottomans tackled with the problem of building earthquake resistant, slender minarets by starting to use forged iron connectors with lead as a filler to fix them to the upper and lower and to adjacent stones instead of using traditional mortar only. Thus, the discrete stones are able to transfer tensile forces in some sense. This study investigates the contribution of lead to the energy absorption capacity of the minaret under extensive earthquakes occurred in the region. By using the software ANSYS/LS-DYNA in modelling and investigating the minaret nonlinearly, it is found out that under very big recorded earthquakes, the connectors of vertical cast iron-lead mechanism play very important role and help to keep the structure safe.

• 암석학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2011

백두산 화산으로부터 분화된 것으로 추정되는 1702년의 역사기록을 화산학적 견지에서 고찰하였다. 분화지점인 백두산으로부터 140 km 떨어진 2 장소에서의 강하화산재의 등층후선을 설정하여 경험식에 의하여 계산된 분출물의 최소량은 $1.2km^3$로 1702년의 백두산 분화 사건은 화산폭발지수 5에 해당하는 대규모 분화였다. 플리니안 분화에 의한, 열기를 가진 화산재구름이 바람의 영향 하에 지면 가까이 낮은 고도로 이동하면서 강하화산재가 발생 퇴적된 것을 잘 묘사하고 있다. 향후 분화에 대비하여 역사기록에 대한 철저한 분석을 통한 화산의 특성 이해가 절실하다.

• 대기
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.491-507
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• 2018

This study collected and analyzed records related to the Asian dust phenomenon in Korean history books. I collected a wide range of records from diverse sources and identified data for analysis. 290 records were selected through this process. These records provide a variety of information including the occurrence time and duration of the phenomenon, other natural phenomenon occurring at the same date, descriptions of the phenomenon, and so on. Reports on, Asian dust in the historical records was not continuous or uniform. However, their appearance in certain months of the year is similar to that observed in modern times. In addition, I collected 90 records showing it that can be largely divided into two viewpoints which they were a natural calamity or an unusual phenomenon. Generally, natural phenomenons in historical books are mostly recorded in viewpoint of unusual phenomenon. Nevertheless, research result verified the record as actual observational data. Consequentially, it also indicates that this data is important for research from a meteorological point of view. I think that the data collected through this study can be helpful to modern meteorological studies related to the Asian dust phenomenon.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제51권
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• pp.156-173
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• 2010

이 연구는 KBS에서 방영되었던 TV 역사다큐멘터리인 <역사스페셜>과 <한국사 전(傳)>을 대상으로 TV의 역사쓰기방식을 살펴보기 위해 이야기구조와 담화를 중심으로 서사분석하였다. 역사적 사실을 선택과 배제를 통하여 재구성하는 TV의 역사쓰기가 대중매체임에도 불구하고 기존의 지배적인 역사인식에 반하는 역사적 해석을 할 수 있는지 그 가능성을 짚어 보았다. 분석결과 두 프로그램 모두 지배적 이데올로기에 반하는 전복적인 역사쓰기에 한계를 드러냈다. 이야기구조에 있어서는 첫째, 여성의 역사를 쓰는데도 불구하고 남성의 영웅 서사 전개방식을 채택하였으며, 또한 공적 인물화하는 과정에서 개인으로서의 여성성을 없애고 탈개인화시키고 있다. 둘째, 두 여성에 대한 역사적 평가에 앞서 전제하고 있는 외모에 대한 평가가 남성적 시선에 의해 이루어지고 있으며, 셋째, 정치적인 여성 인물사를 이야기함에도 불구하고 사적인 남녀 간의 애정관계에 주목하고 있어 여성의 공적 인물화에 실패했다고 할 수 있다. 두 프로그램의 담화방식 역시 역사적 상상력을 주기보다는 다큐멘터리의 역사적 해석을 더욱 고정시키는 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 스튜디오에서 실제의 모습으로 전지적 시각으로 역사를 전달하는 서술자는 담론적 위계구조에서 가장 상위에 위치하고 있는 의미 규정자였다. 영상의 경우 특히 <한국사 전(傳)>에서 부족한 영상을 메우기 위해 제작진의 상상력에 의해 만들어진 극화된 재연 장면에 의존하는 방식은 담화가 오히려 가부장적 서사를 고정시키는 역할을 함으로써 인물에 대한 전복적 해석의 가능성을 제한하고 있다.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제26권5_6호
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• pp.389-400
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• 2013

The article makes a discussion to conceptualize a histo-genetic principle in the real historical view point. The classical histo-genetic principle appeared in 19th century was founded by the recapitulation law suggested by biologist Haeckel, but recently it was shown that the theory on it is no longer true. To establish the alternative rationale, several metaphoric characterizations from the history of mathematics are suggested: among them, problem solving, transition of conceptual knowledge to procedural knowledge, generalization, abstraction, circulation from phenomenon to substance, encapsulation to algebraic representation, change of epistemological view, formation of algorithm, conjecture-proof-refutation, swing between theory and application, and so on.

• 복식
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.117-137
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• 2011

This study analyzed historical records on silk tabby-ju(細), Si(總)- in a diachronic and spatial point of view. The historical records were written in Samguksagi(三國史記) of Korea, Eastern barbarian[東弟] section of Ershiwush(二十五史) of China and Ritkokusi(六國史)of Japan from the $4^{th}$ century to the early $10^{th}$ century. The study finally could reach the conclusions as follow. Firstly, records that fabrics like Ju were used were found in the Korean historical documents written on Balhae(渤海) of the $8^{th}$ century and Sllla(新羅) of the $9^{th}$ century. On the other hand, no official record on production of fabrics like Ju was found in the Japanese historical documents up to the $10^{th}$ century. Instead, there are some records that Si was produced and used for the first time in the $7^{th}$ century and it was rapidly spread in the $8^{th}$ century. In the $9^{th}$ century, the number of records on Si was sharply decreased and the importance of Si in the foreign-relation point of view also went down gradually. Secondly, records on using and trading with both Ju(細) and Si(總)in the foreign relation of two countries were shown from the $8^{th}$ century to the $9^{th}$ century. In the period, international exchange had been promoted among Balhae, Silla and ancient Japan. In the $9^{th}$ century, fabrics like Ju of ancient Korea was introduced to ancient Japan ancient Japanese people could not manufacture Ju by themselves at that time. On this account, we assumed that ancient Japanese people might consider Ju as high quality fabric rather than Si that had been used as general fabric. Meanwhile, it is found that Japan presented various kinds of Si to Balhae and Silla from the early $8^{th}$ century. As the foreign relation between Sllia and ancient Japan got weaker in the mid-$8^{th}$ century, frequency and amount of supplying Si to Balhae were relatively increased. Besides Si, Balhae was given a lot of silk yarn and floss. These fabrics presumably were used as raw material of Ju in Balhae because Balhae got low output of silk due to its geographical condition.