• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.4
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• pp.93-130
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• 2001

Chosen General Government initiated the activities of collecting and managing the archives from Chosen Dynasty because of necessity to push positively for its colonial policies. Particularly, such efforts of the regime resulted eventually in boosting their understanding on the Korea cultures, as well as contributed to their reigning Korea to an extent. Some aspects that reflect it are as follows. In 1910 Chosen General Government took over, and began to arrange and classify huge volumes of archives that were held by the royal family. During this period, they collected and arranged literatures that they took over from the earlier Korean government. In 1913, Chosen General Government increased enormously the varieties and volumes of the archives that they intended to collect. They started with collecting archives limited to those literatures that had existed in the civil sector before 1894. It can be noticed that just in 1913 Chosen General Government revealed their intention to collect and classify both royal archives and civil archives. With the work of collecting, classification and annotating archives, Chosen General Government commenced the compilation of Chosensa (Korean History). These efforts aimed at cultural assimilation and educating of Korean people, and in this process, the importance of Chosen Dynasty's archives was reconfirmed. One of the representative cases was a change of terminology. With the compilation efforts into full swing since 1915, Chosen General Government repeatedly started to use the term 'Saryo' (historical records) in connection with Chosen's literatures and archives. The term 'Saryo' previously had been used in Japanese literatures, and it is deemed that it was used as a term generally referring to archives of Chosen Dynasty from that time. This signifies that Chosen General Government began to involve their historical point of view in approaching to the archives of Chosen. As they broadened their understanding on Korea through the annotation of old literatures and compilation of Chosen History, they seriously set on the work of assimilating Korean people culturally aiming at gripping its reign on Korea. Archives of Chosen likewise were very crucial basic data for understanding Korea and its people, and Chosen General Government is deemed to have utilized the archives as a means to reign and assimilate Korean people.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

To discuss whether we have credible estimations about historical surface temperature evolution since industrial revolution or not, present study investigates consistencies and differences of averaged surface air temperature since 1900 between the multiple data sources: Hadley Center Climate Research Unit (HadCRU4) surface air temperature data, ECMWF 20 Century Reanalysis data (ERA20CR), and NCEP 20 Century Reanalysis data (NCEP20CR). Averaged surface temperatures are obtained for the global, polar (90S~60S, 60N~0N), midlatitude (60S~30S, 30N~60N), tropical (30S~30N) region, separately. From the analysis, we show that: 1) spatio-temporal inhomogenity and scarcity of HadCRU4 data are not major obstacles in the reliable estimation of global surface air temperature. 2) Globally averaged temperature variability is largely contributed by those of tropical and midlatitude, which occupy more than 70% of earth surface in area. 3) Both data show consistent temperature variability in tropical region. 4) ERA20CR does not capture warm period over Arctic region in early 1900s, which is obvious feature in HadCRU4 data. Discrepancies among datasets suggest that high-level caution is needed especially in the interpretation of large Arctic warming in the early 1900s, which is often regarded as a natural variability in the Arctic region.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.49.3-50
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• 2018

Korea has kept its records of astronomical phenomena since around 2,000 years ago. However, the contents and scope of relevant service have been limited for researchers who need those records due to lack of complete data collection. In this regard, it is necessary to establish efficient collection and management systems of Korean astronomical records by utilizing an environment that is easily accessible. This study is intended to complete the development of a testbed system that allows researchers to systematically input and validate, in a Web environment, multiple astronomical records among the historical documents until Modern Joseon after the Three Kingdoms Period. Recognition of the pre-translated data and tables in advance is followed by its storage in the database built on the Web. Then, data validation is implemented by providing a retrieval service according to a specific form to only a finite number of researchers who have access authority. This study is targeted at a testbed system that takes around three months to be completely developed. The completed testbed system is expected to allow internal and external researchers of an organization to easily access the service on the Web. This will ensure that the accuracy of the data can be verified mutually and help identify areas of service improvement. The opinions collected regarding service improvement will be reflected in the future system. Eventually, domestic astronomical records will subsequently be able to be utilized internationally through the multilingual service.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.91-102
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• 2020

This study examined the apartment sale in lots system from 1960s to 1970s in Seoul from a historical perspective, with the focus on the concept and changes of pre-sale in lots system. By tracing back historical context and application of the system in that period through the analysis of the advertisements for apartment sale, we found out the hidden side of the apartment pre-sale in lots system from the public's point of view, and its impact and meaning on the formation of our current residential culture. In the 1960s and 1970s, the apartment sale in lots system based on the pre-sale in lots system formed strong seller's market and it has been the main reason for imposing the wrong residential awareness that led the public to recognize housing as a means of property growth. Even now, the current apartment sale in lots system remains to be a supplier-oriented one, and lots of people tend to regard housing as investment method. That is, this mechanism is not only still working but one of the fundamental causes of impoverishing our residential culture. It is necessary to reconsider the pre-sale in lots system and the apartment sale in lots system in relation to the public of housing.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to propose a new Glide Path that dynamically adjusts the risky asset inclusion ratio of the Target Date Fund by simultaneously considering the market's forecast volatility as well as the time of investor retirement, and to compare the investment performance with the traditional Target Date Fund. Forecasts of market volatility utilize historical volatility, time series model GARCH volatility, and the volatility index VKOSPI. The investment performance of the new dynamic Glide Path, which considers stock market volatility has been shown to be excellent during the analysis period from 2003 to 2020. In all three volatility prediction models, Sharpe Ratio, an investment performance indicator, is improved with higher returns and lower risks than traditional static Glide Path, which considers only retirement date. The empirical results of this study present the potential for the utilization of the suggested Glide Path in the Target Date Fund management industry as well as retirees.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.34
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• pp.141-169
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• 2020

This study focuses on the interpretation and transformation of "The Great Learning" within the Korean new religion, Daesoon Jinrihoe. Joseon Dynasty Korea was a member of the Chinese Character Cultural Sphere in East Asia. The examination and recruitment system of the Yuan Dynasty influenced the Joseon Dynasty for a long historical period. Zhu Xi's (朱熹) version of The Four Books were accepted and applied in imperial examinations during the Joseon Dynasty. The 18th century Confucian thinker, Jeong Yak-Yong (丁若鏞), overturned and rebuilt his own system for studying and interpreting The Four Books (四書學). Zhu Xi and Jeong Yak-Yong's systems of thought influenced Confucianism knowledge in that era. The historical figure deified as the Supreme God by Daesoon Jinrihoe, Kang Jeungsan (姜甑山), was trained in the study of The Four Books within that cultural and philosophical context, and this is especially evident in his interpretation and transmission of "The Great Learning." Kang Jeungsan regarding The Great Learning as deeply important. That text combined Confucian discourse on Principle, Mind, and Practice. In his interpretation, The Great Learning was also a medical and religious book that had holy and mysterious powers. In Mugeuk-do and Taegeuk-do (direct predecessors to Daesoon Jinrihoe), Jo Jeongsan interpreted the concept of Sincerity and Regularizing the Mind and incorporated them into doctrine as 'Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness' and 'Guarding against Self-deception.' Park Wudang practiced and spread those doctrines to Korea, and Daesoon Jinrihoe devotees continue to follow those doctrines in present times.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.265-276
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• 2022

A long-term monitoring investigation at Sarushima Battery (Kanagawa, Japan), which is one of the modernization heritages was conducted from 2017.06 to 2020.12. The investigation of the temperature and relative humidity (RH), measurement of the amount of brick decay, and X-ray diffraction analysis of the brick decay was conducted to understand in detail the environment in which the historical brick structure, the state of deterioration, identify the factors of deterioration. Furthermore, it was discussed whether the suitability of these investigation methods for assessing the status, identifying the level of deterioration and the factors that led to deterioration at the historical brick heritages. It was found that the brick deterioration at the site progressed especially in two periods: in April, and from June to August. These periods coincided with the period when the RH inside the structure decreased, and the Toyo-gumi bricks were in the process of absorbing moisture. Several different types of salts were detected in brick decay, especially thenardite, which is considered highly hazardous and destructive during periods when the amount of brick decay increased. Therefore, the RH in the structure and the salts present in the bricks were identified as one of the factors in the deterioration of the bricks at the site. The methods used in this study are appropriate as the initial survey methods for investigating the current conditions and identifying the causes of deterioration because it is possible to understand the environment within the modernization heritages, grasp the details of deterioration progression, and identify the characteristics of deterioration progression and its factors through long-term investigation using the simple methods.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.105-111
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• 2023

Currently, most of content restoration using artificial intelligence learning is 2D learning. However, 3D form of artificial intelligence learning is in an incomplete state due to the disadvantage of requiring a lot of computation and learning speed from the existing 2 axes (X, Y) to 3 axes (X, Y, Z). The purpose of this paper is to secure a data-set for artificial intelligence learning by analyzing and 3D modeling the stone pagodas of ourinari by era based on the two-dimensional information (image) of cultural assets. In addition, we analyzed the differences and characteristics of towers in each era in Korea, and proposed a feature modeling method suitable for artificial intelligence learning. Restoration of cultural properties relies on a variety of materials, expert techniques and historical archives. By recording and managing the information necessary for the restoration of cultural properties through this study, it is expected that it will be used as an important documentary heritage for restoring and maintaining Korean traditional pagodas in the future.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 1979

The very fact that so many of us are here to participate in this conference on Operations Research is an indicator of the importance we attach to this relatively new and still expanding field. All of us recognize that Operations Research techniques are especially useful tools in problem solving in business, Government and the military. A discussion of the role of Operations Research and the related field of Systems Analysis in national defense policy and programming decision processes seems especially appropriate at the opening session of this conference, As you know, Operations Research as an organized form of research first found application in the review of individual military weapons systems and their effectiveness just over forty years ago. From that relatively narrow beginning has evolved a discipline whose future exploitation and utility you will explore over the next several days. I plan to review very briefly the historical development of Operations Research and Systems Analysis as tools in the defense decision-making process. Then, I will give you an overview of their application to today's military and defense problem solving by discussing the use of these techniques at the headquarters level by the United States Navy, Obviously, in such a brief period, I cannot cover all applications, specific techniques, or all of the groups involved in such a complex process. A review of the historical development of Operations Research/Systems Analysts reveals that the use of the basic concepts of Operations Research is not new; it originated with the first attempts to use the scientific approach to solve problems. We are still seeking, through modern analysis, to answer the three questions posed by John Dewey in his examination of the problem solving process in 1910.'1 - What is the problem? - What are the alternatives? - Which alternative is best? As I noted earlier, Operations Research, as an organized form of research, began in Great Britain in the late 1930s with the review of individual weapons systems.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.65.1-65.1
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• 2021

The Donggungilgi (東宮日記) is the daily records of the Siganwon (侍講院), which was a royal office in the Joseon dynasty that took charge of the education for the crown prince who dwelled in the Donggung (East Palace). This literature contains records of meteorological and astronomical observations as well as educational matters. The Sohyeon-Donggungilgi (昭顯東宮日記) includes records from 1625 to 1645, when Prince Sohyeon, the first son of King Injo (仁祖), was the crown prince. We investigate the records of solar halo observations in the Sohyeon-Donggungilgi. For consistency, we restrict our investigation to the period before the second Manchu invasion of Korea (i.e., 1625 to 1635). We extract 2,684 records and classify them into ten events according to the terms in their descriptions. The largest and smallest number of observation records are for the Hun (暈) and Geuk (戟) events (1,794 and 7 records, respectively). To verify what each event represents in modern atmospheric terms, we refer to historical documents of the Seoungwanji (書雲觀志, Treaties on the Bureau of Astronomy) and Cheonmundaeseong (天文大成, Great Achievements in Astronomy). We also calculate the solar altitude based on the observation hour and compare the descriptions to compute simulations provided by Arbeitskreis Meteore e.V.. We find that the descriptions of the Hun, Junghun (重暈), Yi (珥), and Baekhonggwanil (白虹貫日) events indicate a 22˚ halo, 22˚ and 46˚ halos, a parhelion, and a parhelic circle, respectively, Alternatively, we estimate that the Gwan (冠), Dae (戴), Bae (背), Li (履), and Gyohun (交暈) events describe arcs tangent to a 22˚ or 46˚ halo such as a upper or lower tangent arc, a circumzenithal arc, or a parry arc. We suggest that further studies are required for the Geuk event because the descriptions of this event differ from both documents referred to this study. In the sense that the number of observation records of the Geuk event is the smallest, however, this event may describe a rare phenomenon. We believe that this work will contribute to the study of historical records of solar or lunar halos.