• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.149-162
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• 2018

It is necessary to select the appropriate global climate model (GCM) to take into account the impacts of climate change on integrated water management. The objective of this study was to develop the selection technique of representative GCMs for uncertainty in climate change scenario. The selection technique which set priorities of GCMs consisted of two steps. First step was evaluating original GCMs by comparing with grid-based observational data for the past period. Second step was evaluating whether the statistical downscaled data reflect characteristics for the historical period. Spatial Disaggregation Quantile Delta Mapping (SDQDM), one of the statistical downscaling methods, was used for the downscaled data. The way of evaluating was using explanatory power, the stepwise ratio of the entire GCMs by Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) basis. We used 26 GCMs based on CMIP5 data. The Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios were selected for this study. The period for evaluating reproducibility of historical period was 30 years from 1976 to 2005. Precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature were used as collected climate variables. As a result, we suggested representative 13 GCMs among 26 GCMs by using the selection technique developed in this research. Furthermore, this result can be utilized as a basic data for integrated water management.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.3 s.20
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• pp.23-38
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analogize the appearance of Korean Ancient Architecture in view of the Stone Remains from 3 Kingdom Period to Unificated Shilla Period. But in these period, there is no building remains but some stupas and fine arts. Especially, there are many architectural appearance and revealing signature in these Historical Stone remains. Architectural elements which are analogized by stone remains what has value as historical materials by preservation of original form from 3 Kingdom Preiod to Unificated Shilla Period are as follows : 1) Platform, the representative characteristic of Korean traditional architecture, was frame structure and accumulate structure. And circular or square footing stood a same shape column on it is put on the platform. 2) In the case of column, there used entasis column and inclined column and circular chamfer technique was applied on the top side of it. Upper side of column, capital and head pentrating tie that small bearing block was put on the center of it was joined. And longitu야nal rest(長舌) supported a cross beam. Capital and small bearing block had no bottom heel, and heel side was curved and straight. Centered bracket structure was often used, and multi bracket structure is not used yet. Inward incline technique was used. 3) Inward opening pair door which had lintel, threshold, doorjamb was usually used, Fixing stone was used for structural safety, and circular handle and lock was used for decoration. Handrail was used on the edge of wooden floor for decorative effect and safety. 4) Square rafter and circular rafter were used in the same period and so did flying rafter. Double eaves and single eave were used in the same period but, single eave was usually used. In this period, square rafter was usually used. This would be studied more by comparing with Japanese wooden architecture. 5) Hipped roof was used and half-hipped roof was not used yet. In front of th hip, there are small sculpture called Jap-Sang(雜像), and windbell was hang on the end of the hip rafter. Concave roof tile, convex roof tile, round eaver tile, decorative tile at end of roof ridge were used. Lotus style was well used on the face of roof tile for decoration. From the results of this study, wooden architecture of Unificated Shilla period was simple compare to Koryo dynasty and Chosun dynasty but, it had some brilliant character. It was hard work that analogized the form of non-existent wood architecture of Ancient Korean period by restricted stone remains. But, in addition to the results of this study and research of old documentations, more study should be go on.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.73-90
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• 2011

Modern footwear is accepted as a fashion accessory that plays the role of a point of style, which reflects trends and makes use of individuality and stylishness, not a practical means itself. This study considers diverse types of western shoes, which had been historically popular from, and about a role in accordance with it, and grasps the occurrence background and the aesthetic characteristics in shoes type, which had initiated fashion in the historically cultural aspect. Thus, the aim is to be conducive to developing design related to modern shoes. As a result of this study, shoe styles have changed in relation to the historical situation throughout every period from medieval times to mid-modern times. Two functions of shoes, practicality and aesthetics, could be observed tendency of leading fashion in the middle of mutual control and supplementation according to social conditions, economic strength in a person of wearing shoes, social standing, and gender. Accordingly, considering that designs related to shoes are influenced by the historical conditions, continuous research on unique designs according to each era is thought to be necessary to develop shoe designs of the future.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.21
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• pp.363-399
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• 1994

This article aims at bibliographical analysis of the and historical research of Buddhism in the period of king ChungYeul. The analysis is made in the respects of: 1) physical form 2) historical aspect of the Zen Buddhism in the latter period of Koryo Dynasty 3) related persons who corresponded with Mongsan First, this books is consist of 56 records about tripitaka, biography of Mongsan, poets of Zen Buddhism, and abstracts of Buddhist books. Secondly, the new trends of Buddhism in the 13th century was influenced by Mongsan Son(contemplate school, zen). He was corresponded with some political persons and the elite class of Koryo Buddhism. Because of these meetings, LimJae Son were adopted main stream of zen Buddism in Koryo Dynasty by Mongsan and his accompanies. Thirdly, these political groups want to meet Mongsan and his teaching about zen Buddism, but he suggest three questions to the gourp instead of meeting. And he explained 10 kinds of methods to study zen Buddism comparing visited ten persons with ten pinetrees. In the Koryo Dynasty, Buddism was very inportant in history of throughts and social functions. But there had been little research on Mongsan who afford theoretical base on zen Buddism in Chosun Dynasty. On the point of the relation to Koryo and Yuan dynasty in zen Buddism. The is a new and important records that afford some solutions of religious branch and trends in early periods of Chosun Dynasty.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

In this paper, we investigate the observations of Venus in daytime that are recorded in the Goryeosa (History of the Goryeo Dynasty, A.D. 918-1392). There are a total of 167 accounts of such observations in this historical book, spanning a period of 378 yr (from 1014 to 1392). These include six accounts where the days of the observation are not specified and two accounts where the phase angles are outside the calculation range of the equation used in our study. We analyze the number distribution of 164 accounts in 16 yr intervals covering the period from 1023 to 1391. We find that this distribution shows its minimum at around 1232, when the Goryeo dynasty moved the capital to the Ganghwa Island because of the Mongol invasion, and its maximum at around 1390, about the time when the dynasty fell. In addition, we calculate the azimuth, altitude, solar elongation, and apparent magnitude of Venus at sunset for 159 observations, excluding the eight accounts mentioned above, using the DE 406 ephemeris and modern astronomical algorithms. We find that the average elongation and magnitude of Venus on the days of those accounts were ${\sim}40^{\circ}$ and -4.5, respectively, whereas the minimum magnitude was -3.8. The results of this study are useful for estimating the practical conditions for observing Venus in daylight with the naked eye and they also provide additional insight into the corresponding historical accounts contained in the Goryeosa.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.89-106
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the expressive effects of Queen Elizabeth I's robes in cinema and also to present two examples of Queen Elizabeth I's robes designed and made based on these expressive effects. To this end, this study wilt first examine Queen Elizabeth I's robes in her portraits according to the visual definers and emblematic meanings. Then on the basis of these knowledges, analyze visual definers and viewing priorities of Queen Elizabeth I's robes in five movies. Thereinafter, these robes will be classified based upon Belong(1998)'s four expressive effects. excitement. calmness, strength and delicacy. Finally, this study will demonstrate calmness and delicacy among four expressive effects through two robes made for the purpose. After analyzing the expressive effects of robes in five Queen Elizabeth I's movies, one can conclude excitement. calmness, strength, and delicacy can be found according to the flow of the story. Since this analysis focuses mainly on one particular person during one Particular period of time, there was a fundamental silhouette prevalent among the Queen's robes which then can be classified into different forms. Moreover, Queen's character in itself embodies authority and grace which. in turn, facilitates the presentation of the four expressive effects along the story line. In conclusion, thorough historical research on the character and the period. in addition to analysis of the visual definer and viewing priorities, is imperative when designing a historical costume.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.155-172
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• 2022

Objectives : Contents on the 64 trigrams in major medical texts from early to late Joseon such as the Uibangyuchwi(醫方類聚), Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑), Somundaeyo(素問大要), Gyeokchigo(格致藁) were analyzed to examine their characteristics and historical context. Methods : Related contents in each medical texts were collected, sorted and analyzed for thorough examination. Results : The study of Changes which was widely applied in the field of medicine throughout the Joseon period focused more heavily on each of the trigram patterns, especially in regards to the qi interaction between the upper and lower axis of the body, rather than the various meanings of the ten wings[十翼]. This is a result of the Jing-Qi-Shen perspective of the body and the universe that transcends the Daoist inner cultivation method[內丹術], under which concepts related to qi circulation such as the opening and closing[闔闢] of the Heaven[乾] and the Earth[坤], the interaction between Water[水] and Fire[火] were considered more important. Conclusions : The historical context of the study of medicine and Changes[易] of Korea could be grasped through analysing the 64 trigrams in medical texts of each period in Joseon. Further research with the field of History of Changes studies is much anticipated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.97-106
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• 2022

During the Japanese colonial period, Japan exploited the entire Korean Peninsula and targeted not only cities but also rural areas. The exploitation of rural area was accelerated with the support of Oriental colonization Company and The countryside was a living scene of direct exploitation. However, most of the research was concentrated in representative port cities such as Kunsan, which transports logistics such as rice and grains. There was insufficient research on how Japanese entered the country, how Korean were plundered, and the rural villages that were the target of exploitation. The contents of hi-exploitation were also historical and historical humanities such as colonial land ownership and farm management, and the spatial structure of the existing traditional villages were insufficiently investigated. Hwaho-ri, Shin Taein-eup, Jeollabuk-do, centered on Yongseo Village, there are many traces of farm houses, hospitals, employee residences, schools, churches, and Oriental colonization Company This study aims to study what changes traditional rural villages have brought by the Japanese colonial rule, centering on Hwaho-ri Village.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.51-72
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• 2023

IM Won-jun(任元濬, 1423~1500) was an Confucianism Doctor in the former period of Joseon Dynasty. Through IM Won-jun's historical trace we could know the range of Uiseoseubdoggwan(Medical Learning Officer)'s duty not limited to study medical books at that time but extended to medical treat, educate, recommend medical policy, personnel manage, carry out administrative work, carry out all the works concerned with medical books, make new medicines at different official period. Among these after learning duties the Royal Family of the Joseon Dynasty awarded high grades to medical treatment for king and king's mother, but from the viewpoint of advancement of medicine controling the top of medical policy as a chief of Jeonuigam had important meaning. The system of Uiseoseubdoggwan(Medical Learning Officer) in the Joseon Dynasty played the role of cultivating widely the man of ability who leaded medical development by sharing the man of ability between medicine and confucianism which was dominant learning at that time, so the knowledge and professional skill of medicine, Yin-Yang and the Five Elements theory, the spirit of relief of the world were spreaded across to national administration, education, publication culture, putting philosophy of filial piety into practice in the Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.180-192
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• 2008

The historian called Peter Burger divided it into historical avant-garde before and after the first World War (Dadaism, Futurist, Geometric Abstract, etc.) and Neo- avant-garde during the period of forming social foundation that would be ready to accept new forms of art in the USA, the center of capitalism, after the 2nd World War such as pop art and conceptual art including the then emerging avant-garde minimal art. Meanwhile, he interpreted that Neo- avant-garde succeeded the spirit of historical avant-garde. For modem furniture, the avant-garde terminologies are discussed from the aspect of epistemology or symbolism. On the other hand, they would be exclusively used for advertising slogans, however, it is considered as difficult due to vague terms or their characteristics. This study relates the points of historians such as Peter Burger for theoretical proposal and Richard Kostelanetz's point for formal issues, and contracts and arranges the avant-garde terminologies and its characteristics to the meaning of "getting out of the present decadent trend - aiming for future", "transcending the present aesthetic custom - renovation" and "violating the rules already established in the process of entering new areas - freshness of unfairness". The study was meaningful in providing fundamental clues based on the historical discussion and artists for Neo- avant-garde in the 1960s, that is, the mainstream of design at the end of the 20th century in the period when an avant-garde oriented alternative in the 21st century design has been sincerely required overflowed with the fin de siecle phenomenon.