• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.29-44
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• 2019

A major performance stage carpenter, Jang Insang led performance stages from the 1719 Sukjong Royal Banquet and was confirmed by historical records to be the first craftsman. Lee Wandeuk led the Hwaseong Fortress performance stages of the Jeongjo period and Gichuk Jinchan performance stages of the Sunjo period. The carpenter techniques he used during the Jeongjo period were succeeded to the Sunjo period. Ahn Sungil was the head craftsman who led the performance stages of Jagyeongjeon Jinjak, Muja Jinjak, and Gichuk Jinchan of the Sujo period, under which the foundation for court palace performances was laid. The progression of major carpenters includes Jang Insang of the Sukjong period, Jeon Yoochu of the Yeongjo period, Ahn Sugil of the Sunjo period, Yoon Seoksin of the Heonjong period, Kim Yoonsik of the Gojong period, Lee Jongyoon, Kim Soongil, Seo Sangmook, and Han Sujoon. In addition, the Major Repair of Injeongjeon Hall (1857) of the Cheoljong period was the most important palace construction project for transferring the carpenters' skills. Through this project, Ahn Sungil of the Sunjo period, Kim Myeonggap, Yoon Seoksin of the Heonjong period, Kwon Deuknyang, and Kim Sungil of the Gojong period were able to interact with each other. That is, this major repair project of Injeongjeon Hall reflected the major carpenters' best techniques through performance stage construction, showing the progression of Ahn Sungil, Yoon Seokshin, and Kim Sungil, who led the constructions of Gichuk Jinchan of the Sunjo period (1829), Mushin Jinchan of the Heonjong period (1848), and Jeonghae Jinchan of the Gojong period (1887), the most impressive performance stages of the late Joseon period. The carpenters of the court performance stages participated in important construction projects of the royal palace, reflecting the superior technical skills of the carpenters in the construction of court palace performance stages. The carpenters who played a leading role in the construction of performance stages were able to interact with one another and transfer their excellent technical skills, providing the driving force that allowed court performance stages to blossom into splendid and high-quality court stages in the late Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.105-116
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• 2020

In this study, the royal protocols of the Joseon Dynasty, known as uigwes, were reviewed to clarify the materials and structure of Korean traditional walls. For this, the Yeonggeon-and Sanreng-uigwes were thoroughly reviewed, and then the names, materials, and construction methods of the traditional walls were systematically organized. In addition, mix proportions of plastering materials used in the walls were estimated based on the records in the uigwes; these were compared with the ratios specified in the current specifications. As a result of the comprehensive review, it was found that the mix proportions of the plastering materials varied depending on importance of buildings, type of walls, and the raw materials. Based on this, it was concluded that the characteristics of each uigwe should be considered when studying the mix proportion of materials for the traditional walls. It was also found that there were differences between the traditional and modern specifications for the wall constructions. That is, historical records and the specifications currently used were different in terms of constituent materials, construction methods and mix proportions. As a cause of the difference, the disconnection of the traditional methods and the introduction of foreign plastering techniques during the rapid social change in the 20th century were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.304-310
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• 2020

The technology in 3D modelling have advanced not only maps, heritages, constructions but also trees modelling. By laser scanning(Faro s350) and photogrammetry software(Pix4d) for 3D modelling, this study compared with real coniferous tree and both technology's results about characteristics of shape, texture, and dimensions. As a result, both technologies all showed high reproducibility. The scanning technique showed very good results in the reproduction about bark and leaves. Comparing the detailed dimensions on it, the error between the actual tree and modelling with scanning was 1.7~2.2%, and the scanning result was larger than the actual tree. The error between the actual tree and photogrammetry was only 0.2~0.5%, which was larger than the actual tree. On the other hand, the dark areas's modelling was not fully processed. This study is meaningful as a basic research that can be used for tree DB on BIM for the landscape architecture, landscape design and analysis with AR technology, historical tree and heritage also.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.77-88
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• 2023

This research focused on the regional and temporal attributes of tuff architecture in Mokpo, spanning the Japanese colonial period and the post-liberation era. It aimed to uncover the distinct regional and temporal features of tuff architecture by integrating concepts from vernacular architecture and regionalism, framed through a lens of critical regionalism. The study traced the historical progression of tuff architecture in Mokpo within this context. A significant part of the research was an in-depth analysis of four constructions by Son Yang-dong, a renowned technician in post-liberation Mokpo, to closely examine the contemporary relevance and regional significance of his work. Tuff, as an indigenous material, distinctly articulates the local architectural character. In line with regional properties of tuff, the material has adeptly responded to contemporary construction needs. This has laid a foundation for the development of innovative building designs and techniques. Tuff architecture is particularly noted for its exhibition of raw material textures, offering a unique aesthetic that diverges from classical Western architectural styles. Importantly, through the examination of Son Yang-dong's contributions, the study highlights the role of Korean builders in an industry dominated by Japanese influences during the colonial period, underscoring a strong regional identity. As a representation of Mokpo, tuff architecture not only upholds and protects regional identity within the broader scope of Western modernization and Japanese impacts but also plays a role in its progressive enhancement.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.479-491
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• 2013

Products of the eruption of Mt. Baekdusan are identified as volcanic materials at the estuaries of the Songhuagang river to north, the Dumangang river to east and the Amnokgang river to west. More speficially, pyroclastic flows, lahars and volcanic floods can affect an area of 400km in radius, centering around Lake Cheonji caldera. However, unlike the millenium eruption, the flow situation has been changed. Because multi-purpose dams and reserviors with a combined pondage of mora than 2 billion tons of water have been built in the rivers of which sources are originated from Lake Cheonji caldera. In addition, the flow of fluids expected to take place when the volcano has erupted is thought to be affected by artificial constructions in both direct and indirect ways. This study calculates the direction of fluids flow by using numerical analyses of pyroclastic flows, lahars and volcanic floods that can occur when the volcano of Mt. Baekdusan has erupted. We also estimate the scope of damages by pyroclastic flows, lahars, volcanic flooding caused by the pondage of the dams and water storages in and around Mt. Baekdusan. Pyroclastic flows transported over the steep slopes at the early times of eruptions move over the mountain slopes, affecting airplanes, and lahars due to leaks of Lake Cheonji could reach as far as major rivers and streams near Mt. Baekdusan. Unlike historical accounts, volcanic flood is expected to be limited in its scope of influence to reservoirs bigger than Lake Cheonji in pondage.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Apartment Housing 25 in the field of construction since 2000 collected by types of labor: reinforced concrete, plaster, internal, equipment, electrics communication, the other work. And the performance of labor input was collected in the amount of construction work performed on a monthly basis. After changing the construction period in the standardization work that is 100% of the construction period, the amount was converted into labor ratio by type. Analysis of the input flow rate and the amount of labor conclusions were as follows: (1) The size of the labor rate is reinforced concrete work (38.25%), plastering work (5.10%), internal work (5.67%), equipment work (9.10%), electrics communication (8.76%), the other works (33.12%) and the size of labor rate is the largest work in reinforced concrete work. (2) The peak of labor input ratio was from 52.5% month to 62.5% month. This was when the labor rate of 3.6%. (3) The period month of the largest labor ratio% is 35% month by reinforced concrete construction, and this time it was 2.12% per month labor rate, and reinforced concrete construction is finishing from 65% month to 80% month. This showed the greatest congestion of mutual interference between each works is being continue. The results of this study are the greatest congestion in apartment housing construction has informed the high period(%months), which is essential to a successful project.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2012

There are index adjustment method and item adjustment method in estimation methods for price fluctuation rate of public constructions. A relevant regulation has put item adjustment method as a principle, but in most construction, contract sum adjustment has been made by index adjustment method. Hence, this study, by figuring out width and causes of the gap between index adjustment method and item adjustment method through direct comparative analysis, solved inequality caused by difference between them and suggested a rational way against irrationality of each method. For building operations of public housing construction, a detailed fluctuation rate by index adjustment method and item adjustment method of construction cost elements of the same construction, that is, direct material cost, direct labor cost and historical construction cost was estimated to analyze difference between two adjustments and establish its cause. Across the analysis, it was found that fluctuation rate by item adjustment method was estimated lower than that by index adjustment method and difference between methods for estimating fluctuation rate of quotation unit price and application of index unrelated to construction type and construction nature are main causes of the difference. This study has a significance in that, for smooth contract sum adjustment between contracting parties, it practically proved the real difference between adjustment methods by conducting comparative analysis of the difference in direct correspondence way.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.20-37
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• 2019

Three Inter-Korea summits and a North Korea-USA summit that were previously unexpected provide a basis for an optimistic outlook for the future development of Korean archaeology. While Korean archaeology has witnessed a great advance since the mid-20th century, it also exhibits significant weaknesses in explaining cultural changes in prehistory and the early historical period in the Korean Peninsula due to the paucity of information on archaeological evidence of North Korea. Recent development of favorable conditions for research and excavations of North Korean cultural heritage could be a valuable opportunity for Korean archaeology to overcome the current adversity. Especially, given the expected large-scale SOC industrial project in North Korea, we need to prepare for the systematic research and excavation of archaeological materials. The present essay attempts to provide a suggestion for the joint archaeological expeditions to excavate and manage cultural resources in North Korea based on a critical review of previous salvage excavations in South Korea, such as those conducted before the construction of the Korean rapid transit railway system (KTX). We suggest that professional archaeologists should be included in the project and oversee the planning and design of road and railway constructions and other SOC projects in order to minimize the cost of trial and error processes that were well exemplified by the KTX salvage excavations. The Korean Archaeological Society and North Korean Archaeological Society may organize a common association that will supervise joint archaeological expeditions. Importantly, The Korean Archaeological Society and other related institutions should prepare to build an organization that conducts impending archaeological excavation in North Korea. While we likely face challenges and difficulties during the various stages of archaeological research and excavations in North Korea, only through thorough and systematic preparation can we avoid the destruction of valuable cultural heritage and find an opportunity for the further development of Korean archaeology.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.22-47
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• 2014

This study was to understand the basic principles of the East Asian wooden structure system research and analysis. The Korea and China ancient architecture internal structure research that the combination of girders and crossbeams position. The ancient wooden structures of eastern Asian countries, Korea and China are not much different from each other in the principles of the wooden architecture structure, combining pillars, purlins and crossbeams. However, it seems that age-division, local-division, national-division differs in detail techniques. China ancient wooden structures combination of purlin and crossbeam, and So-seul Timber(Chinese name: Chashou叉手, Tuojiao 托脚) seems to show differences according to the age of the fulcrum position, detailed approach is also different according to various historical dynasty. Before in the 15th century, Purlin and Crossbeam are coupled to each other, but since the 15th century, seems to have developed a technique combined with each other Girder and Crossbeam and to prevent buckling of the Crossbeam cross-sectional area increased dramatically. For Tuojiao in China Tang-Wudai dynasty(A.D. 618~979), can see that saw the top position Girder and Tuojiao no direct coupling, can be seen as maintaining the safety of the material than the material of the inner wooden structures prevent buckling of the purlin. Korea ancient wooden structures of Goryeo dynasty(A.D. 918~1391), So-seul Timber(Chinese name Tuojiao) why do not to use the fashion? To use Purlin Lower backing material techniques to prevent buckling is a popular trend to stable can be thought of as a preferred way to maintain. I think that with universality beyond the local-division, national-division and the two countries since the 15th century of Korea and China ancient wooden structures detailed mechanism for the purlin buckling. In middle-late Chosen dynasty, The effect of Deotgeolyi- techniques and fleeting beams reduce the purlin buckling that reduces the load transmitted from purlin and crossbeam of how to reduce the load on the roof portion of the architecture fleeting beams used, which of craftsmanship of the Chosen Dynasty building can be referred to as another technique for preventing buckling purlin. This Korea and China ancient architecture purlin beam structure and material So-seul Timber study. Seems to be able to provide a basic research study to restore and designed the old wooden architectures.