• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2007

As a possible feasibility of the extrapolation between in vivo and in vitro systems, we investigated the global gene expression from both mouse liver and mouse hepatic cell line treated with hepatotoxic chemical, acetaminophen (APAP), and compared between in vivo and in vitro genomic profiles. For in vivo study, mice were orally treated with APAP and sacrificed at 6 and 24 h. For in vitro study, APAP were administered to a mouse hepatic cell line, BNL CL.2 and sampling was carried out at 6 and 24 h. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by analyzing hepatic enzymes and histopathological examination (in vivo) or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and morphological examination (in vitro). Global gene expression was assessed using microarray. In high dose APAPtreated group, there was centrilobular necrosis (in vivo) and cellular toxicity with the elevation of LDH (in vitro) at 24 h. Statistical analysis of global gene expression identified that there were similar numbers of altered genes found between in vivo and in vitro at each time points. Pathway analysis identified glutathione metabolism pathway as common pathways for hepatotoxicty caused by APAP. Our results suggest it may be feasible to develop toxicogenomics biomarkers or profiles by comparing in vivo and in vitro genomic profiles specific to this hepatotoxic chemical for application to prediction of liver toxicity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 1997

The study of present study was to determine the valuable laboratory tests for the differential diagnosis of lead poisoning in dogs. Sixteen mongrel dogs were divided into 2 experimental groups (A and B) and a control group (C). The A and B groups were administered orally 2 mg and 20 mg of lead per kilogram of body weight for 49 days, respectively. In addition to clinical observation, blood, urine and hair samples were collected on appointed day and examined for hematological changes, lead content of serum, whole blood and hair, and urinary $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid concentrations. All dogs were necropside on 49th day and examined for the lead content and histological changes of organs. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The group B showed digestive and nervous signs, and weight loss. The group A showed no significant hematological changes except polychromatophilla on the 7th day. But group B showed polychromatophilia as well as mild anemia and nucleated erythrocyte on the 7th and 35th day. Basophlic stippling erythrocytes were observed in some of the group B on the 14th day. The lead content of whole blood was increased significantly in both A and B groups on the 21the day. The urinary $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid content was increased in both A and B groups on the 7th day. The hair lead content of A and B groups was increased significantly on the 49th and 21th day, respectively. The lead contents of organs including liver, kidney, spleen, muscle and bone were increased significantly in group B. Histopathologic changes were characterized by hemorrhages, necrosis and intranuclear inclusion body in the epithelial cells of convoluted tubles of kidney, cloudy swelling and degeneration and/or necrosis of liver, enlargement of Virchow-Robin space, and swelling of endothelial cells and hyperplasia of the pericytes of brain. From these results it may be concluded that examination of nucleated erythrocyte/polychromatophilia, urinary $\delta$ -aminolevulinic acid, and whole blood and hair lead contents is a reliable clinico-pathological diagnostic methods, and that examination of the Virchow-Robin space, endothelial cells and pericytes of brain as well as intranuclear inclusion body in the epithelial cells of convoluted tubles of kidney is valualble postmortem diagnostic methods for lead poisoning in dogs.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.263-278
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• 2013

The silkworm extract powder contain 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a potent ${\alpha}$-glycosidase inhibitor, has therapeutic potency against diabetes mellitus. Therefore, natural products containing DNJ from mulberry leaves and silkworm are consumed as health functional food. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety of the silkworm extract powder, a health food which containing the DNJ. The repeated toxicity studies and gentic toxicity studies of the silkworm extract powder were performed to obtain the data for new functional food approval in MFDS. The safety was evaluated by a single-dose oral toxicity study and a 90 day repeated-dose oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. The silkworm extract powder was also evaluated for its mutagenic potential in a battery of genetic toxicity test: in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. The results of the genetic toxicology assays were negative in all of the assays. The approximate lethal dose in single oral dose toxicity study was considered to be higher than 5000 mg/kg in rats. In the 90 day study, the dose levels were wet at 0, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg/day, and 10 animals/sex/dose were treated with oral gavage. The parameters that were monitored were clinical signs, body weights, food and water consumptions, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, organ weights, and histopathological examination. No adverse effects were observed after the 90 day administration of the silkworm extract powder. The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) of silkworm extract powder in the 90 day study was 2000 mg/kg/day in both sexes, and no target organ was identified.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 2010

An 11-year-old, spayed female, weighing 10 kg miniature Schnauzer was admitted for abdominal distension, anorexia, pollakiuria, and constipation. A large, homogeneous fat opacity mass was identified in the retroperitoneum and pelvic cavity on the abdominal survey radiography. The mass displaced the descending colon peripherally and ventrally, and the urinary bladder ventrally. On the abdominal ultrasonographic examination, the mass was uniformly hyperechoic with a coarse internal echo texture and had outer hyperechoic capsule, and it showed homogeneously same attenuation (-180 ~ -110 HU) as adjacent fat on the computed tomography. There was no evidence of invasion into the surrounding structures or organs. Cytological findings from fine needle aspirates were numerous sheets and clusters of adipocytes. The dog showed complete resolution of clinical signs after surgical resection of the mass. The mass was confirmed as simple lipoma through histopathological examination.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 2011

A Jindo dog (8-month-old, intact male) was referred for hind limb lameness on the right side. The dog was diagnosed with a simple femoral fracture by radiological examination. After surgical fixation of the femoral fracture, tramadol: a narcotic-like synthetic analgesic was intravenously administrated for post-operative analgesia. After injection of the tramadol, generalized tonic clonic seizure was immediately occurred in the dog. Seventeen hours later, the dog died despite intensive care. We suspected that tramadol might induce the seizurogenic effect resulted in death. A necropsy was performed to examine the cause of the death. In consequence, the dog was diagnosed as necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) based on histopathological examination. We would be concerned that tramadol may be related to seizure activity in the NME patient. From this case, it is known that although tramadol has been proven to be a safe and effective agent for the control of pain in veterinary medicine, it would be carefully used to patient with history of neurological diseases including meningoencephalitis, hydrocephalus, and encephalopathy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.218-221
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• 2013

A flightless brown hawk owl (Ninox scutulata) weighing 180 g was rescued and referred to the teaching veterinary hospital with humerus open fracture. On physical examination and radiography, open fracture of the left humerus was found. After 3 days, orthopedic surgery was operated with intramedullary pins and wires. The bird died 2 days after surgery with anorexia. On necropsy, multiple green nodules with 2-3 mm in diameter were observed at the surface and inside of the left lung. Numerous conidial heads and spores were seen in the center of foci in the histopathological examination. The mycelia penetrated the surrounding pulmonary parenchyma, showing inflammation and necrosis. The fungus was isolated from the lung and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar at $30^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The colony was blue-green color with a powdery surface. The fungus was identified as Aspergillus fumigatus by DNA analysis, including the internal transcribed spacer region, partial ${\beta}$-tubulin, and the calmodulin gene. This case was diagnosed as pulmonary aspergillosis secondary to open fracture of pneumatic bone in a brown hawk owl.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.645-650
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• 2004

Calcifying odontogenic cyst(COC) is a rare developmental odontogenic cyst, which shows diverse classification and terminology. Cystic epithelial lining of COC is composed of basal cell layer of columnar cells and overlying layer of stellate reticulum. In the epithelium, ghost cells that might induce adjacent mesenchymal tissue to develop dental organ are shown characteristically. In spite of low rate of recurrence, we have to get a histopathological examination so that odontogenic lesions may recur without fully curettage of lining epithelium. 7-year-old male child came pediatric dentistry in wonkwang university dental hospital in order to check the delayed eruption of left maxillary central incisor. Radiographic examination revealed a well-defined radiopaque mass, overlapping impacted left central and lateral incisor crown. Enucleated mass was tooth-like features and also had epithelium lining. Results of histopathologic procedure, we saw the lots of ghost cell and proliferating hard dental tissues. Also we saw the cystic epithelium cells. It revealed diagnosis of the COC associated complex odontoma. For this reason one should consider of COC when patients present odontoma-like lesion with impacted tooth.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.1181-1184
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• 2018

Purpose: To present a rare case of tear drainage since birth from a lacrimal ductule fistula, which is the first report in the Republic of Korea. Case summary: A 3-month-old female who presented with discharge of clear fluid from a small skin opening lateral to the right upper eyelid since birth visited the outpatient clinic. The patient was healthy and was receiving no medication. She was born on gestation age 35 weeks and 3 days. No other specific history or other ophthalmic abnormality was found. On examination, a small skin orifice approximately 2 mm diameter and no sign of infection or discoloration was observed. To relieve this symptom, the patient underwent a fistulectomy under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen was performed. The patient's symptom subsided postoperatively without recurrence. Conclusions: This is the first report in the Republic of Korea of tears draining from a lacrimal ductule fistula since birth and the subsequent clinical treatment procedures.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.476-483
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• 1996

Following radiation therapy for brain tumors, patients often have clinical deterioration due to either radiation necrosis or recurrent tumor progression in the treatment field. The distinction between these entities is important but difficult clinically or even with CT or MRI. T1-201 has been known to accumulate in various tumors and be useful to grade, predict prognosis or detect recurrence of glioma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of T1-201 SPECT in the differentiation of recurrent tumor from radiation necrosis. Of 67 patients who did T1-201 brain SPECT imaging with clinically suspected recurrent tumor or radiation necrosis, 20 patients underwent histopathological examination and constituted the study population. T1-201 uptake indices on T1-201 brain SPECT imaging rrere calculated and correlated with histopathological diagnosis. Of 20 patients, 15 were histopathologically confirmed as recurrent original tumor or malignant transformation of benign tumor and 5 were diagnosed as radiation necrosis. On T1-201 SPECT, 18 of 20 had T1-201 index above 2.5 which was regarded as positive indicator for the presence of tumor. Seventeen cases showed concordance, which consisted of 15 true positive and 2 true negative. Discordant 3 cases were all false positive. There was no case of false negative. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of T1-201 SPECT were 100%, 40%, 83% and 100%. In conclusion, T1-201 brain SPECT is a sensitive diagnostic test in the detection of recurrent tumor following radiation therapy and is useful in the differentiation of recurrent tumor from radiation necrosis. Relatively low specificity should be evaluated further in larger number of patients in consideration of sampling error and referral bias for pathologic examination.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2006

A 1-year-old, female English cocker spaniel (ECS) dog was presented with 3-month history of vomiting and retaking of the vomitus, and chronic weight loss. The client had noticed mild abdominal distension 10 days before. The dog was diagnosed as chronic hepatitis with hepatic cirrhosis based on complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry profiles, radiography, ascites assessment, bile acid evaluation, and liver biopsy through exploratory laparotomy and necropsy. CBC and serum chemistry profiles revealed mild anemia, slightly elevated hepatic enzymes (ALT and AST), increased creatinine kinase (CK), hyperammonemia, and hypoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia. Ascites was transudate according to analysis of components. Bile acid assessment (fasting; $174.4{\mu}mol/L$ and postprandial; $198.4{\mu}mol/L$) showed strongly suspected hepatic insufficiency. On radiological findings, ascites was evident. Atrophied liver (especially left side lobes) and distended mesenteric vasculatures were observed by exploratory laparotomy. Histopathological examination of marginal lesion of left lateral lobe of liver by biopsy revealed the necrosis of hepatic cells, dilation of sinusoids, infiltration of neutrophils in sinusoids, and vacuolation of hepatic cytoplasm. The patient had been managed with careful low protein diet and specific supportive therapy (ursodeoxycholic acid, prednisolone, vitamine E, and interferon). Vomiting and ascites disappeared with medical management. The dog was monitored periodically by CBC, serum chemistry and radiographic examination. The dog survived more 18 months with medical therapy. After spontaneous death, necropsy and histopathologic examination were performed.