• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권8호
• /
• pp.3663-3667
• /
• 2012

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) are still public health problems in Yemen, with older individuals having much higher prevalence than younger generations. However, research on the prevalence of viral hepatitis in association with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has not yet been undertaken in Yemen. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among HCC patients and to estimate the risk of these infections being associated with the development of HCC. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending oncology outpatient in Sana'a, Yemen, through the period 2008-mid 2010 with confirmed diagnosis of HCC. A total of 88 cases were studied thoroughly with different investigations such as CT-scan, ultrasound, tumour marker, alpha-feto-protein and histopathological biopsy. A structured questionnaire was also applied and physical examination done to assess the general condition of the patients. Statistical package (SPSS version 16) was used for analysis of the data. The mean age of the cases was 61.2 years (${\pm}12.6$) with half over 60 years. There were fewer male patients (36%) compared to females and most (97%) only had basic /no formal education. Seventy nine (89%) were diagnosed as HCC cases with histopathological biopsy while the rest were diagnosed by ultrasound, CT scan, tumour marker, and alpha-feto-protein. Around one-third of the subjects were positive for HBsAg and HCV antibodies. Multivariate analysis showed infection with HCV and use of smoking was associated with HCC diagnosis. Although an association was observed between the occurrence of HCC and viral hepatitis (either HBV or HCV) and cigarette smoking, but the rate of viral infection was lower than what has been reported elsewhere.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2018

A 6-year-old intact female Shih-tzu dog was referred due to anorexia. Physical examination, complete blood count, serum chemical analysis, radiography, and ultrasonography were evaluated. Physical examination and hematological analysis showed normal findings. Abdominal radiographs and ultrasound revealed well-defined masses in the spleen. Other abdominal organs showed no significant abnormalities. Tissue samples taken via sono-guided fine needle aspiration of the splenic mass showed many bare nuclei, which were variable in size. Results of histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses performed after splenectomy were consistent with paraganglioma. Based on these findings, we diagnosed this patient with a paraganglioma of splenic origin. Two months after splenectomy, abdominal ultrasonography revealed a new neoplastic lesion in the liver. The clients refused further management and the patient expired three months after initial diagnosis. Necropsy as well as histopathological and IHC examinations of other systemic organs including the liver, adrenal gland, kidney, brain, urinary bladder, lung, aortic body, carotid body, and pancreas were performed. The neoplastic tissue in the liver also demonstrated features of a paraganglioma, and there were no remarkable findings in all other organs.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경독성학회 2002년도 추계국제학술대회
• /
• pp.172-172
• /
• 2002

Previously, we reported a novel polymeric micellar solubilizer, Aceporol 330, that showed relatively low toxic effects when it was compared with that of Cremophor EL which is currently being used for paclitaxel. In this study, we have developed a new micellar solubilizer, Aceporol 460, that has 3-4 times higher loding capacity for paclitaxel than Aceporol 330. The single-dose and the repeated-dose toxicity of Aceporol 460 were evaluated in ICR mice. For single dose toxicity test, male and female mice were randomly assigned to one of five study groups to receive, and injected intravenously with dosages of 0, 3, 4mL Cremophor EL/kgbody weight, and 3, 4mL Aceporol 460/kg body weight, respectively. In both male and female mice, LD50 for Aceporol 460 can not he determined even at the maximal administrable dosage, 4mL/kg due to the high viscosity of chemical and there was no significant change in body weight, hematological and serum biochemical analysis, organ weight, and histopathological examination compared with that of Cremophor EL. For the repeated dose toxicity test, male and female mice were given the dosage of 0, 1.6mL Cremophor EL/kgbody weight/day, and 1.6mL Aceporol 460/kg body weight/day for 2 weeks. Results of repeated dose toxicity tests for 2 weeks suggested that Aceporol 460 treated group show no significant toxicological findings with body weight, hematological and serum biochemical analysis, organ weight, urinalysis, and ophthalmoscopic and histopathological examination compared with that of Cremophor EL. These results indicate that Aceporol 460 have higher paclitaxeL-loading capacity than Aceporol 330 and less toxic effects than Cremophor EL in male and female mice.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.746-752
• /
• 2015

Background This study analyzed 100 consecutive patients with primary cutaneous melanoma over the course of 13 years to determine whether epidemiological differences correspond to different stages of the disease. We also investigated whether epidemiological characteristics affected the survival rate. Our results were compared with those of selected descriptive studies of melanoma in other East Asian populations, in order to determine whether cutaneous melanoma patterns are similar in East Asian populations. Methods The patients' medical records were reviewed retrospectively, and we analyzed the relationship of epidemiological characteristics to staging and survival rate. Additionally, papers from Hong Kong and Japan describing these phenomena in East Asian populations were subjected to a statistical comparison. Results The ratio of males to females was 1:1.8, and the foot was the most frequent tumor site (49%). Acral lentiginous melanoma occurred most frequently (55%). Nodular melanoma was associated with a higher stage. Stage III-IV tumors with Clark levels of IV-V were significantly associated with a low survival rate. A statistical analysis of comparable papers reported in Hong Kong and Japan showed similar results with regard to age, tumor location, and histopathological subtypes. Conclusions This study provides the first full epidemiological description of 100 consecutive cases of primary cutaneous melanoma in Korea, with results similar to those observed in other East Asian populations. Corresponding to previous findings, nodular melanoma tended to occur at a higher stage than other types, and tumors with high Clark levels and high stages showed a lower survival rate.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2004

This study was experiment on the safety of rat(Sprague-Dawley) exposed to natural herb oil(BM-solution). BM-solution was administered by inhalation to rats with the dose level of low(30 mg/8 min), middle(30 mg/4 min) and high(50 mg/4 min) in an airtight room for 4 weeks, respectively. Each groups, consisting of 5 rats, was examined for body weight changes, hematological analysis, serum biochemical analysis, organ weight, and histopathological findings, respectively. There were, dose-dependently, no changes of body weight and organ weights, no hematological anomalousness, and no other serum biochemical abnormality from the experiments. In addition, BM-solution was shown to have no specific toxicity by gross and histopathological findings. Therefore, it was concluded that BM-solution had no side effects on rats for 4 weeks.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.42-50
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The aims of the study were to test the single- dose intravenous toxicity of Daebohwalryeok pharmacopuncture (DHRP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and to estimate the crude lethal dose. Methods: The experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech Co., a Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) laboratory, according to the GLP regulation and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Biotoxtech Co. (Approval no: 110156). The rats were divided into three groups: DHRP was injected into the rats in the two test groups at doses of 10 mL/kg and 20 mL/kg, respectively, and normal saline solution was injected into the rats in the control group. Single doses of DHRP were injected intravenously into 6 week old SD rats (5 male and 5 female rats per group). General symptoms were observed and weights were measured during the 14 day observation period after the injection. After the observation period, necropsies were done. Then, histopathological tests were performed. Weight data were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using statistical analysis system (SAS, version 9.2). Results: No deaths and no statistical significant weight changes were observed for either male or female SD rats in either the control or the test groups during the observation period. In addition, no treatment related general symptoms or necropsy abnormalities were observed. Histopathological results showed no DHRP related effects in the 20 mL/kg DHRP group for either male or female rats. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, the results from single-dose intravenous injections of DHRP showed that estimated lethal doses for both male and female rats were above 20 mL/kg.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.22.1-22.12
• /
• 2023

Background: Citric acid (CA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) have been used to disinfect animals to protect them against avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease. Objectives: We performed a good laboratory practice (GLP)-compliant animal toxicity study to assess the acute toxic effects of CA and NaOCl aerosol exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Groups of five rats per sex were exposed for 4 h to four concentrations of the two chemicals, i.e., 0.00, 0.22, 0.67, and 2.00 mg/L, using a nose-only exposure. After a single exposure to the chemicals, clinical signs, body weight, and mortality was observed during the observation period. On day 15, an autopsy, and then gross findings, and histopathological analysis were performed. Results: After exposure to CA and NaOCl, body weight loss was observed but recovered. Two males died in the CA 2.00 mg/L group and, two males and one female died in the 2.00 mg/L NaOCl group. In the gross findings and histopathological analysis, discoloration of the lungs was observed in the CA exposed group and inflammatory lesions with discoloration of the lungs were observed in the NaOCl exposed group. These results suggest that the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of CA is 1.73390 mg/L for males and > 1.70 mg/L for females. For NaOCl, the LC50 was 2.22222 mg/L for males and 2.39456 mg/L for females. Conclusions: The Globally Harmonized System is category 4 for both CA and NaOCl. In this study, the LC50 results were obtained through a GLP-based acute inhalation toxicity assessment. These results provide useful data to reset safety standards for CA and NaOCl use.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제66권4호
• /
• pp.393-399
• /
• 2023

Objective : Chiari II malformation (CM II) is still the main cause of severe morbidity and mortality in children with open neural tube defects (ONTDs). The goal of this study was to validate a CM II model in late-stage chick embryos with surgically induced ONTDs. Methods : To make the chick embryo model of ONTD, their neural tubes were opened for a length of 5-6 somites at the thoracic level in Hamburger and Hamilton stage 18 chick embryos (n=150). They were reincubated in ovo up to a total age of 17-21 days. A total of 19 embryos survived and were assigned to either the postoperative day (POD) 14-15 group (n=6) or the POD 17-18 group (n=13). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic findings of embryo heads with spinal ONTDs were compared with age-matched normal chick embryos. Results : The chick embryos with ONTDs demonstrated definite and constant structural changes, such as downward displacement of the cerebellum to just above the foramen magnum and narrow and small cerebrospinal fluid spaces in the crowded small posterior fossa. These morphologic features were more prominent in the POD 17-18 group than in the POD 14-15 group. Conclusion : This is the first description of CM II with spinal ONTD in a late-stage chick embryo model with MRI and histopathological analysis. The morphological changes of the posterior fossa in this study mimic those of CM II associated with spinal ONTD in humans. This model will facilitate investigation of the pathogenesis of CM II.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.39-41
• /
• 2014

Spindle cell carcinoma is an uncommon type of squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a mixture of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Most spindle cell tumors are polypoid and pedunculated. It is usually detected at an early stage, removed by laryngoscope guided polypectomy at the time of diagnosis, and seems to have good prognosis. The tools for diagnosing spindle cell carcinoma are histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis. With reviews of literature, we report a 72-year-old patient complaining of hoarseness and dysphagia who was later diagnosed as spindle cell carcinoma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.136-140
• /
• 2006

The authors report three microcystic meningiomas with its characteristic immunohistochemical findings and chromosomal pattern. Three patients with surgically treated microcystic meningioma were studied for its radiological, histopathological findings, and chromosomal analysis was done in the one patient. Tumors were convexity meningioma in the frontal area. The tumors were enhanced homogenously in the two, and enhanced in homogenously with multiple small cysts in the other one on preoperative magenetic resonance image. Pathological examination showed marked nuclear pleomorphism, many small cysts, hyaline thickening in blood vessel wall, and mucinous background, compatable to microcystic type. EMA and vimentin were positive on the immunohistochemical stain. Chromosomal analysis showed tetrasomies of chromosome 5, 13, 17, and 20, and trisomies of chromosome 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 16, 19, and 21, which are quite different from those of benign meningioma.