• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.458-463
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• 2020

Hispidin is a secondary metabolite found in numerous medicinal mushrooms that has attracted significant attention, owing to its distinct biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and cytoprotective properties. Experiments are being carried out to study the interaction of detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) with synthetic and natural hispidin sourced from extracts of Pholiota sp. fungus. The bioluminescence method is used to determine the adsorption/desorption properties of DNDs toward hispidin. It is found that hispidin forms strong conjugates with DNDs, and the use of various eluents does not result in a significant release of the adsorbed hispidin molecules. DND-bovine serum albumin (BSA) complex, where DNDs serve as a carrier for the protein and the latter acts as a hispidin sorbent, has been developed and applied in hispidin adsorption/desorption tests. The results support the use of the DNDs as a carrier for hispidin in medical applications. They also advocate the application of the DND-BSA complex for isolating the substance from fungal extracts.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.107-109
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• 2008

Medicinal fungi, Phellinus linteus and Inonotus xeranticus, produce a cluster of yellow pigment in their fermentation broth that acts as an important element of biological activity. The pigment is composed of diverse polyphenols with a styrylpyrone moiety, mainly hispidin and its dimers, 3,14'-bihispidinyl, hypholomine B, and 1,1-distyrylpyrylethan. Although dimeric hispidins were proposed to be biosynthesized from two molecules of monomer via oxidative coupling by ligninolytic enzymes, laccase and peroxidase, the details of this process remain unknown. In this preliminary study, we attempted to achieve enzymatic synthesis of the hispidin dimer from hispidin by using commercially available horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Consequently, a hispidin dimer, 3,14'-bihispidinyl, was synthesized, whereas the other dimers, hypholomine B and 1,1-distyrylpyrylethan, were not produced. This result suggested that the oxidative coupling at the C-3 and C-14' positions of hispidins was dominant in the process of dimerization by HRP, and indicated that additional catalysts or substrates would be needed to synthesize other hispidin dimers present in the fungal metabolite.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.360-371
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• 2023

Hispidin is an important styrylpyrone produced by Sanghuangporus sanghuang. To analyze hispidin biosynthesis in S. sanghuang, the transcriptomes of hispidin-producing and non-producing S. sanghuang were determined by Illumina sequencing. Five PKSs were identified using genome annotation. Comparative analysis with the reference transcriptome showed that two PKSs (ShPKS3 and ShPKS4) had low expression levels in four types of media. The gene expression pattern of only ShPKS1 was consistent with the yield variation of hispidin. The combined analyses of gene expression with qPCR and hispidin detection by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with ion-trap and time-of-flight technologies (LCMS-IT-TOF) showed that ShPKS1 was involved in hispidin biosynthesis in S. sanghuang. ShPKS1 is a partially reducing PKS gene with extra AMP and ACP domains before the KS domain. The domain architecture of ShPKS1 was AMP-ACP-KS-AT-DH-KR-ACP-ACP. Phylogenetic analysis shows that ShPKS1 and other PKS genes from Hymenochaetaceae form a unique monophyletic clade closely related to the clade containing Agaricales hispidin synthase. Taken together, our data indicate that ShPKS1 is a novel PKS of S. sanghuang involved in hispidin biosynthesis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.615-618
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• 2004

In the course of screening for reactive oxygen species scavengers from natural products, an antioxidant was isolated from the mycelial culture broth of Phellinus linteus and identified as hispidin. The hispidin content was reached its maximum level at 12 days after onset of inoculation. About 2.5 mg／mL of hispidin was produced by P linteus in a yeast-malt medium (pH 5.8, $25^{\circ}C$). Hispidin inhibited 22.6 and 56.8% of the super oxide anion radical, 79.4 and 95.3% of the hydroxyl radical, and 28.1 and 85.5% of the DPPH radical at 0.1 and 1.0 mM, respectively. The positive control ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ scavenged 25.6 and 60.3%, 74.6 and 96.3%, and 32.7 and 77.5% of each radical, respectively, at the same concentrations. However, hispidin showed no significant activity on the hydrogen peroxide radical.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.553-559
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• 2014

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that represents the most common form of dementia among the elderly population. The deposition of aggregated ${\beta}$-amyloid ($A{\beta}$) senile plaques in the human brain is a classic observation in the neuropathology of AD, yet an understanding of the mechanism of their formation remains elusive. $A{\beta}$ is formed through endoproteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by ${\beta}$-secretase (BACE1, ${\beta}$-site APP-cleaving enzyme) and ${\gamma}$-secretase. In this study, BACE1 protein was successfully over-expressed, purified, and refolded and utilized in a binding study with hispidin. We developed a simpler refolding method using a urea gradient and size-exclusion gel filtration to purify an active BACE1 protein variant, in larger quantities than that reported previously, and measured the binding affinity of hispidin to the BACE1 protein variant through isothermal titration calorimetry.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.142-144
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• 2012

During the search for neuraminidase inhibitors from medicinal fungi, we found that the culture broth of Phellinus linteus exhibited potent inhibitory activity. Solvent partition, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed for purification of two active substances from the culture broth. According to $^1H$ NMR measurements and comparison of HPLC retention times with those of authentic compounds, their chemical structures were identified as hispidin and hypholomine B. Compounds (hispidin) 1 and 2 (hypholomine B) inhibited neuraminidase, with $IC_{50}$ values of 13.1 and 0.03 ${\mu}M$, respectively.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2008

Gymnopilus spectabilis, a hallucinogenic mushroom belonging to the family Cortinariaceae, is found growing in dense clusters on stumps and logs of hardwoods and conifers. It contains the hallucinogenic alkaloid psilocybin and its strongly bitter taste makes it undesirable as an edible. In an effort to identify chemical constituents of Korean native wild mushrooms, 4,6-decadiyne-1,3,8-triol (1), ergosta-4,6,8(14), 22-tetraen-3-one (2), bisnoryangonin (3), and hispidin (4) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of G. spectabilis. Their structures were assigned on the basis of various spectroscopic studies. Compounds 3 and 4 displayed significant scavenging activity against the ABTS radical cation, DPPH radical, and superoxide radical anion, while 1 and 2 exhibited no antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2020

P. linteus (Korea Sanghwang, PLKS) and P. baumii (Jangsoo Sangwhang, PBJS) were artificially cultivated under the same conditions. Fruiting bodies were extracted using 70% methanol, 60% ethanol, and hot water. Phenol and flavonoid contents were optimally extracted using 60% ethanol. Antioxidant activities of 60% ethanol extracts from fruiting bodies and mycelia from each Sanghwang mushroom species were measured using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbisthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities, and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power). The antioxidant activities of fruiting bodies were relatively higher in comparison to those of mycelial samples. In high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, styrylpyrone-class poly phenolic compounds, davallialactone, hispidin, hypholomine B, and inoscavin A were detected in fruiting body samples of two Sanghwang mushroom species, but not in their mycelial samples.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to identify chemical composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic extract of fruiting bodies of an artificially cultivated Hankyong Sanghwang mushroom, Phellinus linteus KACC 93057P (PLHS). The total phenolic content of 60% ethanolic extract of fruiting bodies of two-year-old PLHS grown on Oak wood logs was $19.05{\pm}0.32mg$ gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, which was 4-10 times high compared to the other species of mushrooms. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbisthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value of PLHS were 2-10 and 5 times higher, respectively, than those of the other species of mushrooms. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of 70% methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of PLHS revealed the presence of styrylpyrone-class compounds, davallialactone, hispidin, hypholomine B, and caffeic acid, a compound of the phenylpropanoid pathway.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.271.2-271.2
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• 2003

The ${\gamma}$- and ${\beta}$-secretase are one of the most important proteases, which cleave amyloid precursor protein (APP) into neurotoxic A${\beta}$ peptide in Azheimer's type dementia. In the course of screening for anti-dementia agents from natural products, the mycelial culture of mushroom Phellinus linteus showed potent inhibition againt ${\beta}$-secretase (BACE1). (omitted)