• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.831-836
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• 2015

Tumor fluid accumulation occurs in both human cancer and experimental tumor models. Solid tumors show a tendency to tumor fluid accumulation because of their anatomical and physiological features and this may be influenced by molecular factors. Fluid accumulation in the peri-tumor area also occurs in the Dunning model of rat prostate cancer as the tumor grows. In this study, the effects of tumor fluids that were obtained from Dunning prostate tumor-bearing Copenhagen rats on the strongly metastatic MAT-LyLu cell line were investigatedby examining the cell's migration and tumor fluid's toxicity and the kinetic parameters such as cell proliferation, mitotic index, and labelling index. In this research, tumor fluids were obtained from rats injected with $2{\times}10^5$ MAT-LyLu cells and treated with saline solution, and 200 nM tetrodotoxin (TTX), highly specific sodium channel blocker was used. Sterilized tumor fluids were added to medium of MAT-LyLu cells with the proportion of 20% in vitro. Consequently, it was demonstrated that Dunning rat prostate tumor fluid significantly inhibited proliferation (up to 50%), mitotic index, and labeling index of MAT-LyLu cells (up to 75%) (p<0.05) but stimulated the motility of the cells in vitro.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

In the Indian traditional medicine, Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) whole plant is claimed to possess powerful diuretic activity. However, the diuretic potential of this plant is not yet investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diuretic potential of methanol extract of Lippia nodiflora (MELN) in rats. Control (0.9% saline solution, 25 ml/kg, b.w) or urea (1 g/kg b.w) or frusemide (5 mg/kg b.w) and different concentrations of MELN (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w) were intraperitoneally administered (n = 6 per each treatment group) to hydrated rats and their urine output was monitored over a period of 5 h and 24 h after drug administration. The diuretic responses with its electrolyte excretion potency of the extract were highly remarkable in comparison with control animals. The extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg shows a significant increase in volume of urine with increase in $Na^{+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Cl^{-}$ excretion accompanied by the excretion of $K^{+}$ in dose dependent manner. This study suggests that the active component(s) in MELN had similar diuretic effect to that of frusemide. These results validate the traditional use of Lippia nodiflora as a diuretic agent.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.3581-3586
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• 2011

Silver nanoparticle (Ag-NPs)-immobilized and amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), MWCNT-Ag-$NH_2$, were easily prepared in order to develop an efficient delivery system of biomolecules without complicated processes of manufacture. For this, Ag-NPs-immobilized MWCNTs, MWCNT-Ag, were initially prepared in order to create large surface area to enable more efficient linkage with guest-molecules using pristine MWCNTs. The Ag-NPs on MWCNTs were further positively functionalized with 2-aminoethanthiol to allow ionic linkage with biomolecules. Ultimately, the positively charged delivery system proved to be highly effective for the binding capacity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a negatively charged model protein, when compared to that of lysozyme used as a positively charged model protein. The releasing profile of BSA was observed in almost linear pattern for about two weeks in a saline solution. This study demonstrated the potential usefulness of the pristine MWCNTs in conjunction with Ag-NPs for the selective delivery of many (negatively or positively) charged biomolecules including proteins and genes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.76-87
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• 2015

Objectives : Allergic rhinitis is highly increased in these days. We aimed to investigate therapeutic effect ofShinchulsanby observing changes in blood cells and the protein expression level of IL-4 in spleen of Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats with allergic rhinitis.Methods : Fifteen SD rats were divided into three groups: normal, control, and sample group. Allergic rhinitis was induced in the control and sample group by intraperitional and intranasal sensitization with 0.1% and 0.4% Ovalbumin solution. ThenShinchulsanwas orally administered only to the sample group for 28 days, while the rats in the control group was given normal saline.Results : 1.Shinchulsanshowed significantly decreased eosinophil level on the serum of the rat model.2.Shinchulsanshowed significantly decreased IgE level on the serum of the rat model.3.Shinchulsanshowed significantly decreased the protein expression levels of IL-4 in spleen of the rat model.4.Shinchulsanhad no hepatoxicity, according to AST and ALT on the serum.Conclusion : According to the above results, it is considered thatShinchulsanis helpful in treatment of allergic rhinitis.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1994

The long term goal of this research is to develop an efficient procedure for large scale production of genetically identical or cloned animals. To improve nuclear transpalntation efficiency in the rabbit, this study evaluated the age of nuclear recipient oocytes on the different steps of nuclear transplantation. The ovulated oocytes in different ages were collected from the superovulated does by flushing oviducts with Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline(D-PBS) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum(FCS) from 13 to 15, 17 to 20 and 23 to 26 hours after hCG injection. The denuded oocytes were used as nuclear recipient cytoplasm following enucleation by micromanipulation. The blastomeres separated from the 8-cell embryos were used as nuclear donor. The enucleated oocytes receiving a blastomere in the perivitteline space were fused in the 0.28 M mannitol solution at 1.5 kV/cm, 60 sec for three times. The fused oocytes were co-cultured with the monolayered rabbit oviductal epithelial cells in TGM-199 solution with 10% FCS for 72 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$ in a 5% $CO_2$ incubator. The cultured nuclear transplant embryos and in vivo developed embryos collected at 72 hours after hCG injection were stained with Hoechst 33342 dye. Their cell numbers were counted under a fluorescent microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The aged oocytes(20 hrs. post hCG) showed significantly(P<0.05) higher fusionrates(70 ~ 90%) than the recently ovulated oocytes(30.8%) 2. The aged oocytes which were electrically activated and fused at 20 hours developed to blastocyst at significantly(P<0.05) high rate, while none of the recently ovulated oocytes developed to blastocyst. 3. Even though the aged oocytes at 23~26 hours showed higher fusion rate(85.7%), not only they were inadequate to manipulate but also their developmental potential to blastocyst was highly impaired. 4. The developmental potential in vitro of nuclear transplant embryos was significantly retarded than in vivo deveolped embryos.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2008

Paclitaxel is a taxane diterpene amide, which was first extracted from the stem bark of the western yew, Taxus brevifolia. This natural product has proven to be useful in the treatment of a variety of human neoplastic disorders, including ovarian cancer, breast and lung cancer. Paclitaxel is a highly hydrophobic drug that is poorly soluble in water. It is mainly given by intravenous administration. Therefore, The pharmaceutical formulation of paclitaxel ($Taxol^{(R)}$; Bristol-Myers Squibb) contains 50% $Cremophor^{(R)}$ EL and 50% dehydrated ethanol. However the ethanol/Cremophor EL vehicle required to solubilize paclitaxel in $Taxol^{(R)}$ has a pharmacological and pharmaceutical problems. To overcome these problems, new formulations for paclitaxel that do not require solubilization by $Cremophor^{(R)}$ EL are currently being developed. Therefore this study utilized a supercritical fluid antisolvent (SAS) process for cremophor-free formulation. To select hydrophilic polymers that require solubilization for paclitaxel, we evaluated polymers and the ratio of paclitaxel/polymers. HP-${\beta}$-CD was used as a hydrophilic polymer in the preparation of the paclitaxel solid dispersion. Although solubility of paclitaxel by polymers was increased, physical stability of solution after paclitaxel/polymer powder soluble in saline was unstable. To overcome this problem, we investigated the use of surfactants. At 1/20/40 of paclitaxel/hydrophilic polymer/ surfactant weight ratio, about 10 mg/mL of paclitaxel can be solubilized in this system. Compared with the solubility of paclitaxel in water ($1\;{\mu}g/mL$), the paclitaxel solid dispersion prepared by SAS process increased the solubility of paclitaxel by near 10,000 folds. The physicochemical properties was also evaluated. The particle size distribution, melting point and amophorization and shape of the powder particles were fully characterized by particle size distribution analyzer, DSC, SEM and XRD. In summary, through the SAS process, uniform nano-scale paclitaxel solid dispersion powders were obtained with excellent results compared with $Taxol^{(R)}$ for the physicochemical properties, solubility and pharmacokinetic behavior.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.270-274
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the combining ability of japonica rices for improving the salinity tolerance at seedling stage. Nine varieties used in partial diallel analysis included three varieties of each tolerant, moderately tolerant and susceptible one. Twelve-day-old seedlings were grown in saline solution, initially at an EC of 6 dS /m for four days, followed by an EC of 12 dS /m for 20 days. The agronomic characters at seedling stage such as plant height, dry shoot weight and dry root weight were measured to analyze for combining ability of the parents. General combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) effects were highly significant for all tested parameters. However, mean squares for GCA were about five times larger than that for SCA suggesting the preponderance of additive gene action. Among tolerant varieties, Gaori and Namyang 7 were good combiner for improving the salinity tolerance at seedling stage in GCA as well as SCA.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 2013

The mouth rinsing solution currently on the market is used for oral hygiene and reduction of halitosis, and alkaline ionized water is used for drinking purposes. The aim of this germiculture and observation through a microscope is to investigate the effect they have on the oral bacteria, and the results are as follows. 1. The change in the number of cultivated bacteria before and after the use of gargle was most dramatic for Hexamedin. It showed the highest rate of decrease in bacteria by 71.29%, followed by Listerine with 62.25%, Caregargle with 42.26%, Garglin with 33.52%, saline solution with 21.62%, alkaline ionized water with 16.08% and distilled water with 7.67%. 2. After careful analysis of statistics, Hexamedin was found to result in a significant decrease in the number of bacteria after gargling (p<0.05). 3. From observing through an light microscope after gram staining, it was evident that both a number of cocci and a few of filamentous were present before the use of gargle, whereas mostly cocci was present after the use of gargle. 4. The difference in the pH of oral rinses and alkaline ionized water had no significant influence on the number of oral bacteria. In conclusion, Hexamedin and Listerine, with the rate of decrease of bacteria of co71.29% and 62.25% respectively, have proven to be highly effective when applied before dental treatment. Other oral rinses and alkaline ionized water are relatively less efficient in decreasing the number of oral bacteria. Also, the decrease of bacteria is more affected by the antibacterial component of oral rinses than by the change in pH.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.327-332
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• 1986

Laboratory experiments were conducted to estimate extractable nitrogen by buffer phosphate solution of pH 7. A series of experiment soils were a) Sandy soil applied with compost, lime, and Wallastonite every years for 32 years. b) Sandy soils with and without waterlogging for 70 days before transplanting. c) Normal soils produced high and common yields. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Extractable organic nitrogen by pH 7 phosphate buffer solution was increased in order of NPK + compost > NPK > NPK + compost + lime + Wollast-onite > NPK + compost + lime > NPK + wollastonite > no fertilizer plot. 2. Extractable organic nitrogens at plots of NPK and NPK + compost were decreased as the growth stage processed regardless of tretments. 3. In case of normal soils having high and common yields the content of total N, organic matter and $NH_4-N$ were increased in high productive soil, while, only $NO_3-N$ content was increased in common productive soil. Especially, there was a highly positive correlation between extractable total nitrogen and $NH_4-N$ content submerged for 4 weeks under incubated condition. 4. Organic nitrogen content of soil was increased on the condition of non-waterlogging, however, nitrogen uptake by rice plant was increased in waterlogged paddy. 5. The content of extractable total nitrogen increased in the order of normal soil, sandy soil, unmatured soil, saline soil, and estimation of optimum nitrogen rates by extracted organic nitrogen was in order of saline soil, unmatured soil, sandy soil, normal soil.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.919-923
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• 1998

Background: Calcific degeneration is unavoidable in either homo- or heterografts implanted in the human body. We have developed a calcification-resistant cardiovascular tissue patch using a novel technique of anticalcification. Materials and methods: Fresh bovine pericardium was harvested at the slaughter house and transfered to the laboratory in Hank's solution. After trimming and fixing the pericardium, it was embedded in 4$^{\circ}C$ 0.65% glutaraldehyde for a week and then washed by phosphate-buffered saline(PBS) of pH 7.4. This prepared pericardium was then stored in 2.5% sulphonated polyethyleneoxide(PEO-SO3) solution for 2 days at room temperature and reversed by 4$^{\circ}C$ NaBH4 solution for 16 hours. To evaluate the calcification-resistance of surface modified bovine pericardium with PEO-SO3, either glutaraldehyde- treated(GA group, n=4) or PEO-SO3-treated pericardial patch(PEO-SO3 group, n=4) was implanted into adult mongrel dog to reconstruct the main pulmonary artery and the descending aorta using a partial clamp technique. After 1 month follow-up, the implanted patches were retrieved to evaluate the pathologic findings and the content of calcium and phosphorous. Results: The PEO-SO3 group showed substantially less retraction and significantly less calcium deposition than the GA group in both aortic(7.10$\pm$1.05 vs. 13.81$\pm$2.33 mg/g of dried tissue) and pulmonary positions(1.55$\pm$0.29 vs. 6.72$\pm$0.70 mg/g)(p<0.01). Phosphorous contents were also less in the PEO-SO3 group than the GA group significantly, 8.11$\pm$1.07 mg/g vs. 19.33$\pm$4.31 mg/g in the aortic and 2.58$\pm$0.40 vs. 12.60$\pm$3.40 mg/g in thepulmonary position(p<0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that PEO-SO3 modified bovine pericardium is highly calcification-resistant but further study is needed to evaluate the long-term biological safety and compatibility of the prosthesis.