• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of vegetative buffer to reduce runoff and soil and nutrient loss at highland agricultural area. The soil of experimental field was classified as Ungyo series (Fine, Humic Hapludults). An area of each field with lysimeter was $50m^2(width\;2.5m{\times}length\;20m)$ and was a gradient of 17%. Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) was cultivated by general management in each field. For establishing vegetative buffer, rye (Secalecereale L.), tall fescue (Festucaarundinacea Schreb) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were planted at the edge of field. Rye buffers were 1m, 2m and 4m wide. Both orchard grass and tall fescue buffers were 2m wide. Vegetative buffers were set up in September 2005 and chinese cabbage was planted in June 2006. Soil loss, runoff and nutrient loss were measured from June to August in 2006. Since the precipitation amount was heavy in July, amounts of runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss were the highest in July during this study period. In comparison with control, vegetative buffers of rye 2m, orchard grass 2m and tall fescue 2m reduced runoff by 3%, 1% and 2%, respectively. In comparison among width of rye buffer, rye 1m, rye 2m, and rye 4m reduced by 1%, 4% and 13%, respectively. Vegetative buffers of rye 2m, orchard grass 2m and tall fescue 2m showed the reducing of soil loss by 59%, 46% and 28%, respectively. In comparison among width of rye buffer, the highest reducing effect of 88% was observed in 4m treatment. Additionally, vegetative buffer reduced N, P and K losses in runoff and eroded soil which were 10 to 54%, 7 to 24% and 11 to 21%, respectively. In different widths, wider vegetative buffer showed lower loss of N, P and K in runoff and eroded soil. As a result of this study, the vegetative buffer of rye was most effective for reducing runoff and soil loss in comparisons with other plants. In addition, wider range of buffers recommended for reducing runoff and soil loss, if possible.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.361-367
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• 2011

Soil fertility of alpine soils in Gangwon-Do has been deteriorating because of heavy input of chemical fertilizers for intensive crop production. To reduce application of chemical fertilizers, use of livestock manure compost in alpine soils increases consistently. Soil loss and runoff due to heavy rainfall in alpine area cause nutrient loss from soil, and subsequently pollute stream water. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess nutrient efficiency and loss in Chinese cabbage cultivated soil with different livestock manure composts in several slopes. As control, chemical fertilizer was applied at the rate of $250-78-168kg\;ha^{-1}$ for $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$. Each pig-and chicken manure compost was applied at the rate of $10MT\;ha^{-1}$. Chemical fertilizer + chicken manure compost was applied as same rate. Four treatments was practiced in 5, 20, and 35% filed slopes, respectively. We monitored the amounts of soil loss and runoff water after rainfalls, and we also analyzed the contents of nutrients in soil and runoff water through lysimeter installed in alpine agricultural institute in Gangwon-Do. T-N loss due to soil loss was much greater with increasing filed slops rather than different fertilizer treatments. T-N loss has positive relationship with field slopes, which showing soil loss (MT/ha) = 1.66 slopes (%) - 3.5 ($r^2$ = 0.99). Available phosphate and exchangeable cations showed similar tendency with increasing slopes. T-N and T-P losses caused by runoff water were highest in chemical fertilizer (NPK) + chicken manure compost treated plot, while lowest in chemical fertilizer treatment. T-N contents (2.13, 1.95%) in chinese cabbage treated either pig and chicken manure composts compared to that (2.65%) of chemical fertilizer were significantly less. This could be resulted from much greater T-N loss in soil treated with pig and chicken manure composts.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop rapid methods for distinguishing between Heterodera schachtii and H. glycines detected from chinese cabbage fields of highland in Gangwon, Korea. To do this, we performed PCR-RFLP and PCR with the primers set developed in this study for GC147, GC408 and PM001 population, H. schachtii, and YS224, DA142 and BC115 population, H. glycines. Eight restriction enzymes generated RFLP profiles of mtDNA COI region for populations of H. schachtii and H. glycines, repectively. As a result, treatment of two restriction enzymes, RsaI and HinfI, were allowed to distinguish H. schachtii from H. glycines based on the differences of DNA band patterns. The primer set, #JBS1, #JBG1 and #JB3R, amplified specific fragments with 277 and 339 bp of H. schachtii, 339 bp of H. glycines, respectively, while it did not amplify fragments from three root-knot nematodes and two root-lesion nematodes. Thus, the primer set developed in this study could be a good method, which is used to distinguish between H. schachtii and H. glycines.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.312-318
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• 1999

These experiments were conducted to determine the effects of soils treated with different soil management, methods, fertilizers and crops on soil microflora and its number for constructing the environmentally sound agriculture modeling of the upland soils. These experiments show that physico-chemical soil characteristics was different in upland soils treated with different soil managements and fertilizers applied. Also soil microflora and its number were effected from crops cultivated with different soil managements in these experiments. The number of Erwinia sp. in chinese cabbage cultivated field on Daekwanryung especially was apparently increased in soil cultivated with potato relative to corn. It was appeared that the number of Fusarium sp. in soil was more effected from kind of fertilizer applied than crops cultivated.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to investigate the distribution of the soil microflora of Daekwanryung highlands of Kwangwon Province. It was found that soil microorganisms each as Bacteria, Actinomycetes, Fungi, Pseudomonas spp. and Erwnia sp. were mostly in the top 0-15 cm profile. It also was found that soil microflora population was affected in many ways by kind of cropping plant. The number of Erwinia sp. that is one of the soil born plant pathogenic bacteria was more abundant in potato field than chinese cabbage soil. It was also studied difference of mountain and grassland soils from cropping soils.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.361-369
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the differences in the effects of nematicidal materials (Burkholderia rinojensis, fluazaindolizine, fluopyram, fosthiazate, hydrogen peroxide, and imicyafos) on eggs and larvae of the sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii and clover cyst nematode, H. trifolii, which have recently become problematic in highland Chinese cabbage cultivation areas in Korea. Comparison of the hatching rates according to the test materials showed differences between treatments. In the treatment with fluopyram, fosthiazate, and imicyafos, a very high hatching inhibitory effect of 99% was observed in both nematodes, and there was no difference in the efficacy of treatments between nematode species except for that with hydrogen peroxide. Regarding the nematocidal activity of treatments against hatched larvae, only the fluazaindolizine treatment, despite showing a high hatching inhibitory effect, showed a low nematicidal effect of less than 30% against both nematodes, whereas a mortality rate of more than 90% was observed in the other treatments. There was no difference between nematode species in the reactions of the 2nd instar juveniles to all nematicidal test materials after 24 and 48 h of treatment. Although there are limitations to the laboratory experiment, the reaction to the nematicidal materials of the two cyst nematodes that damage the same host was similar, and simultaneous control is suggested in the areas where the two nematodes occur together.