• Title/Summary/Keyword: higher-order plate

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Non-stationary vibration and super-harmonic resonances of nonlinear viscoelastic nano-resonators

  • Ajri, Masoud;Rastgoo, Abbas;Fakhrabadi, Mir Masoud Seyyed
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.70 no.5
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    • pp.623-637
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    • 2019
  • This paper analyzes the non-stationary vibration and super-harmonic resonances in nonlinear dynamic motion of viscoelastic nano-resonators. For this purpose, a new coupled size-dependent model is developed for a plate-shape nano-resonator made of nonlinear viscoelastic material based on modified coupled stress theory. The virtual work induced by viscous forces obtained in the framework of the Leaderman integral for the size-independent and size-dependent stress tensors. With incorporating the size-dependent potential energy, kinetic energy, and an external excitation force work based on Hamilton's principle, the viscous work equation is balanced. The resulting size-dependent viscoelastically coupled equations are solved using the expansion theory, Galerkin method and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta technique. The Hilbert-Huang transform is performed to examine the effects of the viscoelastic parameter and initial excitation values on the nanosystem free vibration. Furthermore, the secondary resonance due to the super-harmonic motions are examined in the form of frequency response, force response, Poincare map, phase portrait and fast Fourier transforms. The results show that the vibration of viscoelastic nanosystem is non-stationary at higher excitation values unlike the elastic ones. In addition, ignoring the small-size effects shifts the secondary resonance, significantly.

Removal of Flooding in a PEM Fuel Cell at Cathode by Flexural Wave

  • Byun, Sun-Joon;Kwak, Dong-Kurl
    • Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.104-114
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    • 2019
  • Energy is an essential driving force for modern society. In particular, electricity has become the standard source of power for almost every aspect of life. Electric power runs lights, televisions, cell phones, laptops, etc. However, it has become apparent that the current methods of producing this most valuable commodity combustion of fossil fuels are of limited supply and has become detrimental for the Earth's environment. It is also self-evident, given the fact that these resources are non-renewable, that these sources of energy will eventually run out. One of the most promising alternatives to the burning of fossil fuel in the production of electric power is the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The PEM fuel cell is environmentally friendly and achieves much higher efficiencies than a combustion engine. Water management is an important issue of PEM fuel cell operation. Water is the product of the electrochemical reactions inside fuel cell. If liquid water accumulation becomes excessive in a fuel cell, water columns will clog the gas flow channel. This condition is referred to as flooding. A number of researchers have examined the water removal methods in order to improve the performance. In this paper, a new water removal method that investigates the use of vibro-acoustic methods is presented. Piezo-actuators are devices to generate the flexural wave and are attached at end of a cathode bipolar plate. The "flexural wave" is used to impart energy to resting droplets and thus cause movement of the droplets in the direction of the traveling wave.

Numerical Formulation of Axisymmetric Shell Element and Its Application to Geotechnical Problems (축대칭 쉘 요소의 유한요소 수식화와 지반공학적 활용)

  • Shin, Hosung;Kim, Jin-Wook
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.36 no.12
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2020
  • Use of axisymmetric shell element for the structure increases the efficiency and accuracy in finite element analysis of the interaction between the ground and the structure. This paper derived the force balance equation and the moment balance equation for an axisymmetric shell element based on Kirchhoff's theory. The governing equation for the axial deformation used the isoparametric shape function in the Galerkin formulation, and the governing equation for the shell bending used the higher-order shape function. The developed axisymmetric shell element was combined with Geo-COUS, a geotechnical finite element program for the coupled analysis with the ground. The accuracy of the developed element was confirmed through the example analyses of the circular plate and the liquid storage tank. And the energy balance equation for the axisymmetric shell element is presented.

Strengthening of T-beams using external steel clamps and anchored steel plates

  • Yunus Dere;Yasin Onuralp Ozkilic;Ali Serdar Ecemis;Hasan Husnu Korkmaz
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.405-417
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    • 2023
  • In order to strengthen the reinforced concrete T-beams having insufficient shear strength, several strengthening techniques are available in the literature. In this study, three different strengthening strategies were numerically studied. First one is affixing steel plates to the beam surfaces. Second one includes tightening external steel bars vertically similar to beam stirrups. The last one is simultaneous application of these two strengthening procedures which is particularly proposed in this work. Available experimental test series in the literature were handled in the study. Finite element (FE) models of reinforced concrete beam specimens having sufficient (Beam-1) and low shear capacity (Beam-2) were created within ABAQUS environment. Strengthened beams with different techniques were also modelled to reflect improved shear capacity. FE simulations made it possible to investigate parameters that were not examined during the previous experimental studies. The results of the analyses were then compared and found consistent with the experimentally obtained data. Experimental and FEM analysis results are in agreement between 1% (closest) and 6%. (maximum). Beam-2 was stregthened with 5 new porposed methods. The rate of increase in shear strength varies between 33% and 64%. It was found that, the strengthening techniques were fairly useful in improving the shear capacity of the considered girder. The model with the proposed strengthening alternative has accomplished a higher load carrying capacity, ductility and stiffness than all of the other models.

Chaotic phenomena in the organic solar cell under the impact of small particles

  • Jing, Pan;Zhe, Jia;Guanghua, Zhang
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.15-31
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    • 2023
  • Organic solar cells utilized natural polymers to convert solar energy to electricity. The demands for green energy production and less disposal of toxic materials make them one of the interesting candidates for replacing conventional solar cells. However, the different aspects of their properties including mechanical strength and stability are not well recognized. Therefore, in the present study, we aim to explore the chaotic responses of these organic solar cells. In doing so, a specific type of organic solar cell constructed from layers of material with different thicknesses is considered to obtain vibrational and chaotic responses under different boundaries and initial conditions. A square plate structure is examined with first-order shear deformation theory to acquire the displacement field in the laminated structure. The bounding between different layers is considered to be perfect with no sliding and separation. On the other hand, nonlocal elasticity theory is engaged in incorporating the structural effects of the organic material into calculations. Hamilton's principle is adopted to obtain governing equations with regard to boundary conditions and mechanical loadings. The extracted equations of motion were solved using the perturbation method and differential quadrature approach. The results demonstrated the significant effect of relative glass layer thickness on the chaotic behavior of the structure with higher relative thickness leading to less chaotic responses. Moreover, a comprehensive parameter study is presented to examine the effects of nonlocality and relative thicknesses on the natural frequency of square organic solar cell structure.

Free vibrational behavior of perfect and imperfect multi-directional FG plates and curved structures

  • Pankaj S. Ghatage;P. Edwin Sudhagar;Vishesh R. Kar
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.367-383
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    • 2023
  • The present paper examines the natural frequency responses of the bi-directional (nx-ny, ny-nz and nz-nx) and multidirectional (nx-ny-nz) functionally graded (FG) plate and curved structures with and without porosity. The even and uneven kind of porosity pattern are considered to observe the influence of porosity type and porosity index. The numerical findings have been obtained using a higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) based isometric finite element (FE) approach generated in a MATLAB platform. According to the convergence and validation investigation, the proposed HSDT based FE model is adequate to predict free vibrational responses of multidirectional porous FG plates and curved structures. Further a parametric analysis is carried out by taking various design parameters into account. The free vibrational behavior of bidirectional (2D) and multidirectional (3D) perfect-imperfect FGM structure is examined against various power law index, support conditions, aspect, and thickness ratio, and for the curvature of curved structures. The results indicate that the maximum non-dimensional fundamental frequency (NFF) value is observed in perfect FGM plates and curved structures compared to porous FGM plates and curved structures and it is maximum for FGM plates and curved structures with uneven kind of porosity than even porosity.

Nonlinear dynamic response of axially moving GPLRMF plates with initial geometric imperfection in thermal environment under low-velocity impact

  • G.L. She;J.P. Song
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.90 no.4
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    • pp.357-370
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    • 2024
  • Due to the fact that the mechanism of the effects of temperature and initial geometric imperfection on low-velocity impact problem of axially moving plates is not yet clear, the present paper is to fill the gap. In the present paper, the nonlinear dynamic behavior of axially moving imperfect graphene platelet reinforced metal foams (GPLRMF) plates subjected to lowvelocity impact in thermal environment is analyzed. The equivalent physical parameters of GPLRMF plates are estimated based on the Halpin-Tsai equation and the mixing rule. Combining Kirchhoff plate theory and the modified nonlinear Hertz contact theory, the nonlinear governing equations of GPLRMF plates are derived. Under the condition of simply supported boundary, the nonlinear control equation is discretized with the help of Gallekin method. The correctness of the proposed model is verified by comparison with the existing results. Finally, the time history curves of contact force and transverse center displacement are obtained by using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. Through detailed parameter research, the effects of graphene platelet (GPL) distribution mode, foam distribution mode, GPL weight fraction, foam coefficient, axial moving speed, prestressing force, temperature changes, damping coefficient, initial geometric defect, radius and initial velocity of the impactor on the nonlinear impact problem are explored. The results indicate that temperature changes and initial geometric imperfections have significant impacts.

Prediction and analysis of structural noise of a box girder using hybrid FE-SEA method

  • Luo, Wen-jun;Zhang, Zi-zheng;Wu, Bao-you;Xu, Chang-jie;Yang, Peng-qi
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.75 no.4
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    • pp.507-518
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    • 2020
  • With the rapid development of rail transit, rail transit noise needs to be paid more and more attention. In order to accurately and effectively analyze the characteristics of low-frequency noise, a prediction model of vibration of box girder was established based on the hybrid FE-SEA method. When the train speed is 140 km/h, 200 km/h and 250 km/h, the vibration and noise of the box girder induced by the vertical wheel-rail interaction in the frequency range of 20-500 Hz are analyzed. Detailed analysis of the energy level, sound pressure contribution, modal analysis and vibration loss power of each slab at the operating speed of 140 km /h. The results show that: (1) When the train runs at a speed of 140km/h, the roof contributes more to the sound pressure at the far sound field point. Analyzing the frequency range from 20 to 500 Hz: The top plate plays a very important role in controlling sound pressure, contributing up to 70% of the sound pressure at peak frequencies. (2) When the train is traveling at various speeds, the maximum amplitude of structural vibration and noise generated by the viaduct occurs at 50 Hz. The vibration acceleration of the box beam at the far field point and near field point is mainly concentrated in the frequency range of 31.5-100 Hz, which is consistent with the dominant frequency band of wheel-rail force. Therefore, the main frequency of reducing the vibration and noise of the box beam is 31.5-100 Hz. (3) The vibration energy level and sound pressure level of the box bridge at different speeds are basically the same. The laws of vibration energy and sound pressure follow the rules below: web

Propagation of Structural Waves along Waveguides with Non-Uniformities Using Wavenumber Domain Finite Elements (국부적 불연속을 갖는 도파관을 따라 전파되는 파동에 대한 파수 영역 유한 요소 해석)

  • Ryue, Jungsoo
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.191-199
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    • 2014
  • Wave reflection and transmission characteristics in waveguides are an important issue in many engineering applications. A combined spectral element and finite element (SE/FE) method is used to investigate the effects of local non-uniformities but limited at relatively low frequencies because the SE is formulated by using a beam theory. For higher frequency applications, a method named a combined spectral super element and finite element (SSE/FE) method was presented recently, replacing spectral elements with spectral super elements. This SSE/FE approach requires a long computing time due to the coupling of SSE and FE matrices. If a local non-uniformity has a uniform cross-section along its short length, the FE part could be further replaced by SSE, which improves performance of the combined SSE/FE method in terms of the modeling effort and computing time. In this paper SSEs are combined to investigate the characteristics of waves propagating along waveguides possessing geometric non-uniformities. Two models are regarded: a rail with a local defect and a periodically ribbed plate. In the case of the rail example, firstly, the results predicted by a combined SSE/FE method are compared with those from the combined SSEs in order to justify that the combined SSEs work properly. Then the SSEs are applied to a ribbed plate which has periodically repeated non-uniformities along its length. For the ribbed plate, the propagation characteristics are investigated in terms of the propagation constant.

Steel Plate Faults Diagnosis with S-MTS (S-MTS를 이용한 강판의 표면 결함 진단)

  • Kim, Joon-Young;Cha, Jae-Min;Shin, Junguk;Yeom, Choongsub
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.47-67
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    • 2017
  • Steel plate faults is one of important factors to affect the quality and price of the steel plates. So far many steelmakers generally have used visual inspection method that could be based on an inspector's intuition or experience. Specifically, the inspector checks the steel plate faults by looking the surface of the steel plates. However, the accuracy of this method is critically low that it can cause errors above 30% in judgment. Therefore, accurate steel plate faults diagnosis system has been continuously required in the industry. In order to meet the needs, this study proposed a new steel plate faults diagnosis system using Simultaneous MTS (S-MTS), which is an advanced Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MTS) algorithm, to classify various surface defects of the steel plates. MTS has generally been used to solve binary classification problems in various fields, but MTS was not used for multiclass classification due to its low accuracy. The reason is that only one mahalanobis space is established in the MTS. In contrast, S-MTS is suitable for multi-class classification. That is, S-MTS establishes individual mahalanobis space for each class. 'Simultaneous' implies comparing mahalanobis distances at the same time. The proposed steel plate faults diagnosis system was developed in four main stages. In the first stage, after various reference groups and related variables are defined, data of the steel plate faults is collected and used to establish the individual mahalanobis space per the reference groups and construct the full measurement scale. In the second stage, the mahalanobis distances of test groups is calculated based on the established mahalanobis spaces of the reference groups. Then, appropriateness of the spaces is verified by examining the separability of the mahalanobis diatances. In the third stage, orthogonal arrays and Signal-to-Noise (SN) ratio of dynamic type are applied for variable optimization. Also, Overall SN ratio gain is derived from the SN ratio and SN ratio gain. If the derived overall SN ratio gain is negative, it means that the variable should be removed. However, the variable with the positive gain may be considered as worth keeping. Finally, in the fourth stage, the measurement scale that is composed of selected useful variables is reconstructed. Next, an experimental test should be implemented to verify the ability of multi-class classification and thus the accuracy of the classification is acquired. If the accuracy is acceptable, this diagnosis system can be used for future applications. Also, this study compared the accuracy of the proposed steel plate faults diagnosis system with that of other popular classification algorithms including Decision Tree, Multi Perception Neural Network (MLPNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Tree Bagger Random Forest, Grid Search (GS), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The steel plates faults dataset used in the study is taken from the University of California at Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository. As a result, the proposed steel plate faults diagnosis system based on S-MTS shows 90.79% of classification accuracy. The accuracy of the proposed diagnosis system is 6-27% higher than MLPNN, LR, GS, GA and PSO. Based on the fact that the accuracy of commercial systems is only about 75-80%, it means that the proposed system has enough classification performance to be applied in the industry. In addition, the proposed system can reduce the number of measurement sensors that are installed in the fields because of variable optimization process. These results show that the proposed system not only can have a good ability on the steel plate faults diagnosis but also reduce operation and maintenance cost. For our future work, it will be applied in the fields to validate actual effectiveness of the proposed system and plan to improve the accuracy based on the results.