• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.59-72
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• 2001

This study investigated the effects of factors on the academic achievement in the 'Food and Nutrition' units in the Practical Arts : factors such as gender. family and home environment. and participation in. interest in attitude toward. and encouragement by mother in meal management. The factors were surveyed for 453 grade four elementary students (226 boys and 227 girls) and their mothers in Busan. The extent of participation in meal management. of interest. of attitude. and of the mother's encouragement was broken into three groups. Upon completing the 'Table Setting with Fruits'unit. the students'academic achievements were evaluated and compared according to these factors. The results were as follows : 1. The girls participated in meal management more frequently than the boys. Most of the children exhibited a high interest. the girls showing a higher interest than the boys. Both sexes showed a positive attitude toward meal management. Mothers encouraged girls more often than boys to manage meals at home. 2. The academic achievement of the girls was higher than that of the boys. Children living in apartments and more affluent environments scored higher than those who were less well off and living in independent households. 3. Those who frequently participated in meal management. exhibited a high interest. and showed a positive attitude towards it. achieved higher scores than those who showed a lower interest. less positive attitude. and only occasionally participated in it. 4. Those who were encouraged frequently to manage meals by their mother showed a tendency to score higher than those who wee encouraged only occasionally. In conclusion. academic achievement in the 'Food and Nutrition'units in Practical Arts was affected by gender. domestic economy. type of residence. participation in meal management in the home. interest in it. attitude toward it. and encouragement in participation by the other. Thus academic achievement in food. nutrition. and meal management is dependent upon both the school and home environments. Children would learn more in the 'Food and Nutrition'units when their parents set a positive and encouraging environment in the home.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 2012

This study is focused on the effect and satisfaction of Education of Music Appreciation by utilizing music game. In order to come up with the result, the study has conducted an experimental comparison using 107 male and female 4th grade students at G-elementary school in Gyeonggi-do. As a result, the class that teaches with the game has relatively higher learning assessment, study involvement and in particular, has a significantly increased satisfaction level than the class that only uses music appreciation. In addition, it analyzes that study involvement and satisfaction has an effect on learning assessment. The results of this research deemed to contribute direction of planning on learning contents by applying Smart Devices in regular school classes.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.289-316
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between thinking style and learning style of gifted children in elementary school. The subjects were 178 fourth, fifth and sixth grade elementary school students who enrolled in gifted education program. They were given the Thinking Style Questionnaire and the Grasha Reichmann Student Learning Style Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis were performed. Results indicated that gifted students prefer legislative, judical, liberal, local, hierarchic, external thinking styles known to be related to creative and critical thinking rather than executive and conventional styles. Meanwhile, in the aspect of learning style, independent learning style than the dependent learning style, competitive style than the collaborative style, and participatory style than the avoiding style were significantly scored higher. The canonical analysis showed that thinking styles and learning styles share 59%(Rc=.77) each other, indicating the two variables had significant close relationship. External, liberal, hierarchic, judical, executive, and liberal thinking styles in the order named showed higher cross loading in the independent variable set, likewise independent, participatory, collaborative, and competitive learning styles in the dependant variable set. The results indicate that the external, liberal, hierarchic, judical, executive, and liberal thinking styles can be the significant predictors of independent, participatory, collaborative, and competitive learning styles. The implications of the study related to the gifted education were discussed in depth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.183-195
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate dietary behavior patterns of high school students. As for regularity of meal, female students were significantly more regular than those of the male students in a day. They answered 'between 4th and 6th grades in elementary school' as 'the time for formation about number of meal intake'. As for a highly influential meal, males were higher answered 'lunch (41.0%)' while females were higher answered 'breakfast (39.8%)'. About 'number of meals per day by the grade', they ate 3 times per day mostly. As for the time for formation about number of meal intake: 'before 4th to 6th in elementary school'> 'before elementary school'. In the result of regularity of meal and general characteristics, a family of 5 was higher in regularity and those with pocket money showed lower regularity in meal. As for the person who prepares a meal, mothers prepared meals regularly. Also, higher parents age and education level resulted in more regularity in meals. In number of meals per day and general characteristics, they were eating 3 times; moreover, this trend was evident as parents' age and education level and the household income was higher. Students answered generally regularity in meal in family where parents' jobs were administrative assistant (father job (56.9%)) and housewife (mother (56.9%). In the formation time of meal intake number and general characteristics, they answered order 'middle school'> 'before elementary school'. A highly influential meal, they answered as the highest 'lunch' (37.6%). This study may provide information on dietary behavior of high school students, suggesting that nutrition education or counseling can improve food habits and develop positive behavior.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.501-525
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• 2015

This study analyzes arithmetic word problem of multiplication and division in the mathematics textbooks and workbooks of 3rd grade in elementary school according to 2009 revised curriculum. And we analyzes type of the problem solving ability which 4th graders prefer in the course of arithmetic word problem solving and the problem solving ability as per the type in order to seek efficient teaching methods on arithmetic word problem solving of students. First, in the mathematics textbook and workbook of 3rd grade, arithmetic word problem of multiplication and division suggested various things such as thought opening, activities, finish, and let's check. As per the semantic element, multiplication was classified into 5 types of cumulated addition of same number, rate, comparison, arrayal and combination while division was classified into 2 types of division into equal parts and division by equal part. According to result of analysis, the type of cumulated addition of same number was the most one for multiplication while 2 types of division into equal parts and division by equal part were evenly spread in division. Second, according to 1st test result of arithmetic word problem solving ability in the element of arithmetic operation meaning, 4th grade showed type of cumulated addition of same number as the highest correct answer ratio for multiplication. As for division, 4th grade showed 90% correct answer ratio in 4 questionnaires out of 5 questionnaires. And 2nd test showed arithmetic word problem solving ability in the element of arithmetic operation construction, as for multiplication and division, correct answer ratio was higher in the case that 4th grade students did not know the result than the case they did not know changed amount or initial amount. This was because the case of asking the result was suggested in the mathematics textbook and workbook and therefore, it was difficult for students to understand such questions as changed amount or initial amount which they did not see frequently. Therefore, it is required for students to experience more varied types of problems so that they can more easily recognize problems seen from a textbook and then, improve their understanding of problems and problem solving ability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.361-368
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• 2012

This study surveyed on a comparative study of the students' oral health knowledge and behavior between the elementary schools with(528) or without dental clinic(442) in Ulsan. Sang Jin had 11.6% students from single parent or parentless families, revealing a much higher percentage than that of Mun Hyeon 3.6%. The findings showed on oral health care the score of activities of students in Sang Jin about 'always brushing one's teeth after having snacks' 'having seen a dentist and gotten regular dental checkups' and 'having a lot of concern for one's oral health' was much higher than that of Mun Hyeon. Sang Jin earned statistically higher marks for having better oral health knowledge that 'Chocolate, cookies and candy easily cause decayed teeth', 'Fruit, milk and vegetables cleanse the teeth', 'Brushing teeth can be replaced with chewing gum after meals', and 'Brushing teeth in left & right is the best way to cleanse'. As the knowledge of oral health care differed depending on the graders 4th, 5th, 6th in Sang Jin, the higher their grade was in.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.179-199
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to discover differences between mathematically gifted students (MGS) and non-gifted students (NGS) when making probability judgments. For this purpose, the following research questions were selected: 1. How do MGS differ from NGS when making probability judgments(answer correctness, answer confidence)? 2. When tackling probability problems, what effect do differences in probability judgment factors have? To solve these research questions, this study employed a survey and interview type investigation. A probability test program was developed to investigate the first research question, and the second research question was addressed by interviews regarding the Program. Analysis of collected data revealed the following results. First, both MGS and NGS justified their answers using six probability judgment factors: mathematical knowledge, use of logical reasoning, experience, phenomenon of chance, intuition, and problem understanding ability. Second, MGS produced more correct answers than NGS, and MGS also had higher confidence that answers were right. Third, in case of MGS, mathematical knowledge and logical reasoning usage were the main factors of probability judgment, but the main factors for NGS were use of logical reasoning, phenomenon of chance and intuition. From findings the following conclusions were obtained. First, MGS employ different factors from NGS when making probability judgments. This suggests that MGS may be more intellectual than NGS, because MGS could easily adopt probability subject matter, something not learnt until later in school, into their mathematical schemata. Second, probability learning could be taught earlier than the current elementary curriculum requires. Lastly, NGS need reassurance from educators that they can understand and accumulate mathematical reasoning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.262-277
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• 2017

Digital textbooks enable learning that is appropriate to the characteristics and level of learners through various interactions. The purpose of this study was to develop an instruction model that can more effectively use digital textbooks in elementary science classes and to verify its effectiveness. The results were as follows. The instruction model for helping learners complete their learning by using digital textbooks needs to receive diagnostic assessment and feedback on entry behavior, to build a self-directed learning environment, and to interact with teachers, students, and digital textbooks as scaffolding. In this study, we developed an instruction model using digital textbooks reflecting these characteristic. The instructional model consists of preparation, practice and solidity step. In the preparation step, the learner performs a diagnostic evaluation using digital textbooks. Based on the results, feedback provided at each level can complement the entry behavior and maintain interest in learning activities. In the practice step, self-directed learning is implemented using diverse functions of digital textbooks and various types of data. In the solidity step, learners can internalize the learning contents by reviewing video clips which are provided by teachers, performing problem-solving activities, and accessing outcomes accumulated by learners in the community online. In order to verify the effectiveness of this model, we selected the "Weather and our Life" unit. This experiment was conducted using 101 students in the 5th grade in B Elementary School in Gwangju Metropolitan City. In the experimental group, 50 students learned using a smart device that embodies digital textbooks applied with the instruction model. In the comparative group, 51 students were taught using the paper textbooks. The results were as follows. First, there was a significant effect on the improvement of the learning achievement in the experimental group with low academic ability compared with the comparative group with low academic ability. Second, there was a significant effect on self-directed learning attitude in the experimental group. Third, in the experimental group, the number of interactions with the learner, teacher, and digital textbook was higher than the comparative group. In conclusion, the digital textbooks based on the instruction model in elementary science classes developed in this study helped to improve learners' learning achievement and self-directed learning attitudes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to verify various relations between dental health belief and related behaviors in mothers and children. Data for this study were obtained by 264 pairs of 1st and 3rd grade elementary school children and their mothers by self developed questionnaire, The questionnaires are made on the general socio-economical characteristics, the oral health knowledge and the behaviors relative to the oral health and oral health education as to how mothers implement the oral health related activities for their children, while for the children, the questionnaires have been measured relative to the oral health beliefs and health behaviors for the children. The obtained results have shown that mothers become with more ages, the usefulness to prevent children's oral diseases becomes lower, and as much as mothers have higher education level, the sensitivity relative to the oral diseases has been measured low. To the degree that the students live well in economical respect, it has been found that they placed more importance on the oral health. As much as the number of mothers tooth brushing becomes made more in a day, the tooth brushing of the children becomes more that much, and also has higher level of oral health beliefs. The number of children to see dentists has been found high, and to the extent of increasing frequency of visiting dental clinics. As the number of mothers tooth brushing education becomes made more frequent for the children. Also, as mothers put more restriction on the sugar intakes by the children, they placed higher importance on the oral health for their children. In conclusion oral health behavior in mothers' influence on dental health belief of their children, it has been reviewed necessary to activate more the mother-children joint oral health education and oral health projects that mothers and children take part together, as well as to study more in accurate and systematic approaches through more comprehensive and various subjects and elements further in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.383-394
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• 2018

This study analyzed the latent profile for identifying the difference in the dependence on smartphone use among middle school students in the 1st grade using the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). From the result of this study, first the latent class was separated according to the type of dependence on smartphone use. Class 1 included the students (from fifth grade in elementary school) whose level of reliance on smartphone use was low. Class 2 was selected as the group whose level of reliance on smartphone was high. Secondly, in comparing class 2 to class 1, it was found that the students who have a high probability of being in class 1 were those whose fathers are high achievers, have high early self-esteem and less age attachment. Thirdly, the students in class 1 had a higher sense of neglect than those in class 2. Furthermore, the self-determination of the students in class 2 mediated the effect of neglect on the adolescents' dependence on smartphone use both directly and indirectly.