• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 1999

Leaves of Aloe vera Linne and bloods of domestic animal were composted in a soild state fermentation reactor (SSFR) by using microbial additive including a bulking and moisture controlling agent. From solid-culture of microbial additive, 10 species of bacteria and 10 species of fungi were isolated and, their enzyme activities including amylase, carboxy methyl cellulase CMCase, lipase and protease were detected. Optimum fermentation conditions of Aloe leaves and domestic animal bloods in SSFR were obtained from the studies of response surface analysis employing microbial additive content, initial moisture content, and fermentation temperature as the independent variables. The optimum conditions for SSFR using Aloe leaves were obtained at 9.45$\pm$73%(w/w) of microbial additives, 62.73$\pm$4.54%(w/w) of initial moisture content and 55.32$\pm$3.14$^{\circ}C$ of fermentation temperature while those for SSFR using domestic animal bloods were obtained at 10.25$\pm$2.04%, 58.68$\pm$4.97% and 57.85$\pm$5.$65^{\circ}C$, respectively. Composting process in SSFR was initially proceeded through fermentation and solid materials were decomposed within 24 hours by maintaining higher moisture level, and maturing and drying steps are followed later. After the fermentation step, the concentrations of solid phase inorganic components were increased while that of organic components were decreased. Also, concentrations of total organic carbon(TOC), peptides, amino acids, polysaccharides, and low fatty acids in water extracts were increased. As fermentation in composting process depends on initial C/N ratios in water extracts of two samples were increased because of increased water-soluble TOC. From these results, it was revealed that solid state fermentation reactor using microbial additives can be used in composting process of organic wastes with broad C/N ratio.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제23권10호
• /
• pp.1347-1356
• /
• 2013

Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhiza that has mutual relationships with the rootlet of Pinus denisflora, forms a fruiting body that serves as a valuable food in Asia. However, the artificial culture of this fungus has not been successful. Soil fungi, including T. matsutake, coexist with many other microorganisms and plants; therefore, complex microbial communities have an influence on the fruiting body formation of T. matsutake. Here, we report on the structures of fungal communities associated with the fairy ring of T. matsutake through the pyrosequencing method. Soil samples were collected inside the fairy ring zone, in the fairy ring zone, and outside the fairy ring zone. A total of 37,125 sequencing reads were obtained and 728 to 1,962 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed in the sampling zones. The fairy ring zone had the lowest OTUs and the lowest fungal diversity of all sampling zones. The number of OTUs and fungal taxa inside and outside the fairy ring zone was, respectively, about 2 times and 1.5 times higher than the fairy ring. Taxonomic analysis showed that each sampling zone has different fungal communities. In particular, out of 209 genera total, 6 genera in the fairy ring zone, such as Hemimycena, were uniquely present and 31 genera, such as Mycena, Boletopsis, and Repetophragma, were specifically absent. The results of metagenomic analysis based on the pyrosequencing indicate a decrease of fungal communities in the fairy ring zone and changes of fungal communities depending on the fairy ring growth of T. matsutake.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 제10차 국제학술회의 및 추계정기 학술발표회
• /
• pp.48-49
• /
• 2003

This project was conducted to development several camellia tea mixed herb teas having any physiological effects. Leaves of tea tree contain many compounds, such as polysaccharides, volatile oils, vitamins, minerals, purines, alkaloids(eg. caffeine) and polyphenols(catechins and flavonoids). Although all three tea types(green, oolonr and black) have antibacterial and free radical capturing(antioxidizing) activities, the efficacy decreases substantially the darker the variety of tea is. This is due to lower contents of anti-oxidizing polyphenols remaining in the leaves. Unlike tea tree(Camellia sinensis), the biochemical features and effects of camellia(Camellia japonica) are not well known. Fresh mature leaf of sasanqua camellia(C. sasanqua), roasted young leaf tea(C. japonica) and fresh mature leaf and bark of camellia had high antibacterial activity against P. vulgaris and B. subtilis. In antifungal activity bioassay, young leaf roasted teas of camellia and sasanqua camellia had high activity against C. albicans and T. beigelil. Plant extracts from Camelia japonica had higher inhibitory activity against fungi than against bacteria. In cytotoxic effect against human acute myelogenous leukaemia cell extracts including fresh leaf(200$\mu\textrm{g}$/m1), bark(230$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and flower tea (320$\mu\textrm{g}$/m1)inhibited growth of AML cells.(중략)

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.209-220
• /
• 2020

Background: This study investigated the effects of soil properties on the soil fungal community in first and continuous cultivation areas of Cnidium officinale Makino. Methods and Results: The soil fungal community was analyzed for relative abundance and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was conducted using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The correlation between the soil chemical properties and the soil fungal community was assessed with distance-based linear models (DISTLM). The soil fungal community showed distinct clusters consisting in the continuous cultivation area of C. officinale Makino. PCoA and DISTLM indicated that soil pH, calcium, and available P₂O₅ significantly affected the soil fungal community in the cultivation area of C. officinale Makino. In addition, considering 5 different pathogenic fungi the relative abundance of Fusarium in the continuous cultivation area was significantly higher compared to that in the first cultivation area of C. officinale Makino. Conclusions: This study is important because it has determinined the effects of soil properties on the soil fungal community in both first and continuous cultivation areas of C. officinale Makino. Moreover, these results will be helpful to investigate the cause of continuous cropping obstacle in C. officinale Makino by examining the changes of soil fungal community.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2018

Propolis has been used as a natural remedy in folk medicine worldwide. The antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiprotozoal aspects of its antimicrobial properties have been widely investigated. However, few studies focused on its applications in dentistry. Many dental diseases are related to various microorganisms in the oral cavity. In this study, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of Korean propolis extract, collected from 6 different regions, on oral pathogenic microorganisms. The propolis samples, collected from 6 different regions (P1: Uijeongbu, P2: Ansan, P3: Hongcheon, P4: Iksan, P5: Gwangju, and P6: Sangju), were dissolved in ethanol at two different concentrations (10 and 50 mg/ml). Three oral bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis) and one fungus (Candida albicans) were activated in general broth for 24 hours. Microorganisms were diluted and spread onto agar plates, onto which sterilized 6 mm filter papers with or without each propolis sample were placed. After 24 hours of incubation, clear zones of inhibition were observed. All tests were performed in triplicate. The propolis samples showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity on oral pathogenic microorganisms; in addition, low-concentration groups showed outstanding antimicrobial efficacy on the 4 different microorganisms. Among the samples, P6 had significantly higher antibacterial activity than that of the others against three different bacteria. In particular, a high concentration of P6 showed a significant antifungal effect. In conclusion, we confirmed that Korean propolis has an inhibitory effect on oral pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Therefore, we suggest the possibility of developing oral medicine and oral care products based on Korean propolis.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제27권9호
• /
• pp.771-780
• /
• 2018

To develope a microbial weed control agent, HCN-producing bacteria were isolated, and their characteristics were investigated. A selected strain of WA15 was identified as Pseudomonas koreensis by morphological, cultural, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene analyses. The conditions for HCN production was investigated by a One-Variable-at-a-Time (OVT) method. The optimal HCN production conditions were tryptone 1%, glycine 0.06%, NaCl 1%, and an initial pH and temperature of 5.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The major component for HCN production was glycine. Under optimal conditions, HCN production was about 3 times higher than that of the basal medium. The WA15 strain had physiological activities, such as indoleacetic acid that was associated with the elongation of plant roots and siderophore and ammonification inhibiting fungal growth, and produced hydrolytic enzymes, such as cellulase, pectinase and lipase. The strain was able to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, such as Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum, by the synergistic action of volatile HCN and diffusible antimicrobial compounds. A microscopic observation of R. solani that was teated with the WA15 strain showed morphological abnormalities of fungal mycelia, which could explain the role of the antimicrobial metabolites that were produced by the WA15 strain. The volatile HCN produced by the WA15 strain was also found to have insecticidal activity against termites. Our results indicate that Pseudomonas koreensis WA15 can be applied as a microbial agent for weed control and also as a termite repellent. Furthermore, it could be applied as a microbial termiticidal agent to replace synthetic insecticides.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2002

유기농자재인 목초액과 키토산의 농업적 이용을 위하여 고추의 생육과 양분흡수 및 토양미생물상에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 키토산 처리구에서 토양의 방선균수가 증가하고 사상균 수는 감소하는 경향으로 A/F 및 B/F비가 커졌으며, 정식 후 50일에 경경이 약간 큰 편이었으나, 엽록소함량은 처리별 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 병해충은 관행에 비해 키토산 및 목초액 처리구 모두 발생률이 많아 병해충의 방제효과는 볼 수 없었다. 식물체 분석 결과 키토산과 목초액 처리구 모두 Ca, K가 관행보다 다소 높았으며 키토산 처리구는 과실의 무기성분 중 Ca와 K와 같은 양이온 함량이 다소 많은 편이었다 키토산과 목초액 처리에 의한 수량은 병해충 발생으로 관행에 비하여 모든 시험구에서 감소하여 수량증대효과는 기대할 수 없었으나. 과중 등의 과실특성이 좋게 나타나 키토산 10회 처리의 경우 관행대비 92.4%로 관행에 가까운 수량지수를 보였다.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 1986

To find antitumor components of Lyophyllum decastes, the mycelia of L. decastes were cultured in artificial media and a new antitumor component which showed potent antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in mice, was isolated and named 'Lyophyllan A'. Lyophyllan A was composed of a polysaccharide moiety (86%) and a protein moiety (2%). The polysaccharide moiety was found to be a heteroglycan which consisted of glucose (48.1%), mannose (30.8%), galactose, xylose and fucose. The protein moiety contained 18 amino acids. Cultural characteristics of L. decastes were investigated by shake culture method. The best result was obtained when L. decastes was cultured in medium glucose 50g, peptone 10g, corn steep liquor 30ml, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.87g, $MgSO_4$ $7H_2O$ 0.5g, $CaCl_2$ 0.3g, $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 10mg, $MnCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ 7mg, $ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 4mg and $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$ 1mg per one liter at $26^{circ}C$, 180rpm, for 9 days.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.582-589
• /
• 2003

본 연구에서는 가지과 작물의 근권에서 유용한 균주를 분리하고 근권ㆍ길항ㆍ생육촉진미생물을 선별ㆍ제제화하고 상토에 첨가하여 미생물제제 혼입 상토를 제조한 후 고추 플러그묘의 초기 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 근권미생물로는 가지과 작물의 뿌리 및 재배 토양 등 385점의 균원시료로부터 540여점을 분리한 후, 가지과 작물에 공통적으로 발생되는 Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporium, Phytophthora capsici, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 등의 병원균에 높은 길항력을 가진 미생물 20여종을 선발하고, 이들 길항미생물 중에서 고추의 초기 생육을 촉진시키는 MJ-3균주를 최종 선발하였다. 근권ㆍ길항ㆍ생육촉진미생물인 분리주 MJ-3은 Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology의 방법과 16S rDNA sequence법 등으로 조사하여 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens동정하였다. 제제화한 B. amyloliquefaciens를 상토에 첨하여 미생물 혼입 상토를 제조하였고, 이를 이용하여 재배한 고추 플러그 묘는 초장과 경경, 뿌리길이, 생체중량 등이 모두 대조구에 비해 소량 증가되었으나, 특히 뿌리의 생체중량이 대조구가 0.61g/plant인데 비해 시험구는 0.88g/plant로 44.3% 증가하였다. 미생물제제 첨가 상토에서 재배한 고추의 gib-berellin (GA$_1$) 함량은 0.559ng/g(건조중량)이었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.440-445
• /
• 2013

Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) is a kind of mountain herbs whose roots have restorative properties and the cultivating acreage of balloon flower has been steadily increasing in Korea. More frequent rain and high amount of rainfalls as a result of climate changes predisposed balloon flower to the outbreaks of root rot at high-density cultivation area in recent years. Root crowns were usually discolored into brown to blackish brown at first and the infected plants showed slight wilting symptom at early infection stage. Severely infected roots were entirely rotted and whole plants eventually died at late infection stage. The overall disease severities of root rot of balloon flower were quite variable according to the surveyed fields in Jeonnam, Gyeongnam and Jeju Provinces, which ranged from 0.1% to 40%. The root rot occurred more severely at the paddy or clay soils than the sandy soils and their severities were much higher at lowland than upland in the same localty. The disease increased with aging of the balloon flower. The causal fungi were identified as Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum on the basis of their mycological characteristics. The optimum temperature ranges of their mycelial growths was found to be $24^{\circ}C$. The pathogenic characters of F. solani and F. oxysporum treated by artificial wounding inoculation on healthy roots of balloon flower revealed that F. solani was more virulent than F. oxysporum. This study identified the causal agents of root rot of balloon flower as Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum, probably for the first time.