Abstract
Leaves of Aloe vera Linne and bloods of domestic animal were composted in a soild state fermentation reactor (SSFR) by using microbial additive including a bulking and moisture controlling agent. From solid-culture of microbial additive, 10 species of bacteria and 10 species of fungi were isolated and, their enzyme activities including amylase, carboxy methyl cellulase CMCase, lipase and protease were detected. Optimum fermentation conditions of Aloe leaves and domestic animal bloods in SSFR were obtained from the studies of response surface analysis employing microbial additive content, initial moisture content, and fermentation temperature as the independent variables. The optimum conditions for SSFR using Aloe leaves were obtained at 9.45$\pm$73%(w/w) of microbial additives, 62.73$\pm$4.54%(w/w) of initial moisture content and 55.32$\pm$3.14$^{\circ}C$ of fermentation temperature while those for SSFR using domestic animal bloods were obtained at 10.25$\pm$2.04%, 58.68$\pm$4.97% and 57.85$\pm$5.$65^{\circ}C$, respectively. Composting process in SSFR was initially proceeded through fermentation and solid materials were decomposed within 24 hours by maintaining higher moisture level, and maturing and drying steps are followed later. After the fermentation step, the concentrations of solid phase inorganic components were increased while that of organic components were decreased. Also, concentrations of total organic carbon(TOC), peptides, amino acids, polysaccharides, and low fatty acids in water extracts were increased. As fermentation in composting process depends on initial C/N ratios in water extracts of two samples were increased because of increased water-soluble TOC. From these results, it was revealed that solid state fermentation reactor using microbial additives can be used in composting process of organic wastes with broad C/N ratio.