This study was designed to investigate the nutritional value of fermented soybean bran as animal feed. Natural soybean bran has low protein quality and high cellulase contents. The soybean bran was supplemented by urea and ammoniumsulfate as N-source for incubation of Aspergillus niger. After incubation of soybean bran with Aspergillus niger, the nutritional quality of protein and riboflavin contents were increased in general and more in aging process than in fermentation. In order to elucidate the biological efficiency of prepared soybean bran, 120 male weanling rats were divided into 22 groups, five rats each, and were fed by standard casein diet mixed with soybean bran in the proportion of 1/10, 1/15, 1/20 respectively. The animals were kept under the experimental diet for nine weeks. In the result of this study, food efficiency ratio showed higher in the groups of urea and ammonium-sulfate-add group than row soybean bran group but the former group is lower than the later in the body weight gains. Protein efficiency ratio was also same trend. It was noteworthy that the nitrogen retention rate in total body on the basis of urinary nitrogen excretion and dietary intake nitrogen and in big organ such as liver and spleen were higher in fermented group than raw soybean bran fed group. It was worth while to treat the soybean bran in first place fermentation and further aging process to elevate the biological efficiency and effect of nutritional values specifically of protein and of riboflavin.
On screening pathogen-resistant soybean, we identified a WRKY type transcription factor named a Glycine max WRKY1 (GmWRKY1). Expression of GmWRKY1 gene was induced in the soybean sprout by Pseudomonas infection. The GmWRKY1 was expressed in all of the tissues with high levels in stems, leaves and developing seeds. The protein Gm WRKY1 contains highly conserved two WRKY DNA-binding domains having two $C_2-H_2$ zinc-finger motif ($C-X_{4-5}-C-X_{22-23}-H-X-H$) in its N-terminal and C-terminal amino acid sequences. In electrophoresis mobility shift assay, the GmWRKY1 protein bound specifically to W-box elements in the promoters of defense related genes. These results demonstrated that GmWRKY1 is one of the soybean WRKY family genes and the plant-specific transcription factors for defense processes.
Some biochemical features of varietal variation in seed protein and their implications for soybean breeding for high protein were pursued employing 86 soybean varieties of Korea, Japan, and the U.S.A. origins. Also, studied comparatively was the temporal pattern of protein components accumulation during seed development characteristic to the high protein variety. Seed protein content of the 86 soybean varieties varied 34.4 to 50.6%. Non-existence of variety having high content of both protein and oil, or high protein content with average oil content as well as high negative correlation between the content of protein and oil (r=-0.73$^{**}$) indicate strongly a great difficulty to breed high protein variety while conserving oil content. The total content of essential amino acids varied 32.82 to 36.63% and the total content of sulfur-containing amino acids varied 2.09 to 2.73% as tested for 12 varieties differing protein content from 40.0 to 50.6%. The content of methionine was positively correlated with the content of glutamic acid, which was the major amino acid (18.5%) in seed protein of soybean. In particular, the varieties Bongeui and Saikai #20 had high protein content as well as high content of sulfur-containing amino acids. The content of lysine was negatively correlated with that of isoleucine, but positively correlated with protein content. The content of alanine, valine or leucine was correlated positively with oil content. The seed protein of soybean was built with 12 to 16 components depending on variety as revealed on disc acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 86 varieties were classified into 11 groups of characteristic electrophoretic pattern. The protein component of Rm=0.14(b) showed the greatest varietal variation among the components in their relative contents, and negative correlation with the content of the other components, while the protein component of Rm=0.06(a) had a significant, positive correlation with protein content. There was sequential phases of rapid decrease, slow increase and stay in the protein content during seed development. Shorter period and lower rate of decrease followed by longer period and higher rate of increase in protein content during seed development was of characteristic to high protein variety together with earlier and continuous development at higher rate of the protein component a. Considering the extremely low methionine content of the protein component a, breeding for high protein content may result in lower quality of soybean protein.n.
Soybean meal (SBM) is a high-protein plant product commonly used as the primary protein source in pig diets. However, its price has been steadily rising, prompting us to search for cost-effective, high-yield protein sources. This experiment aimed to assess the effects of partial replacing SBM with 6% of palm kernel meal (PKM), lupin kernel (LK), rapeseed meal (RSM), and distillers dried grains solubles (DDGS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal scoring in growing pigs. A total of 200 (Yorkshire × Duroc) growing pigs with an initial weight of 34.83 ± 1.38 kilograms were utilized in this research for 29 days. All pigs were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments based on their gender and initial body weight, Each treatment consisted of 10 replicates with 2 barrows and 2 gilts per pen. The dietary treatments were as follows: control (CON), a corn-SBM-based diet; and basal diet supplemented with 6% of different plant byproducts (PKM, LK, RSM, and DDGS) Adding 6% of RSM to the basal diet showed slightly higher daily gain (2.520 > 2.513) and there was no difference observed on the nutrient digestibilty and fecal score. Replacing soybean meal with different plant byproducts has no adverse effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal score.
Soybean [$Glycine$$max$ (L.) Merr.] protein is a high quality source for food and feed. But, antinutritional factors in the raw mature soybean are exist. Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) protein is a main antinutritional factor in soybean seed. Also, P34 protein, referred as $Gly$$m$ Bd 30K, has been identified as a predominant immunodominant allergen. Genetic relationship between KTI protein and P34 protein could be useful in soybean breeding program for the genetic elimination or reduction of these factors. The objective of this study was to determine the independent inheritance or linkage between KTI protein and P34 protein in soybean seed. A total of 479 $F_2$ seeds were obtained from the cross of 07B1 and PI567476 parents. KTI protein and relative amount of P34 protein were analysed from $F_2$ seeds harvested from the F1 plants by using SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The segregation ratios of 3 : 1 for KTI protein (353 KTI protein present : 126 KTI protein absent) and relative amount of P34 protein (363 normal amount of P34 protein : 116 low amount of P34 protein). The segregation ratio of 3 : 1 suggested that KTI protein and relative amount of P34 protein in mature soybean seed were controlled by a single major gene. The segregation ratios of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 (266 KTI protein present, normal amount of P34 protein: 88 KTI protein present, low amount of P34 protein: 102 KTI protein absent, normal amount of P34 protein: 23 KTI protein absent, low amount of P34 protein) and Chi-square value (${\chi}^2$=3.31, P=0.346) were observed in $F_2$ seeds. This data showed that KTI protein was inherited independently with relative amount of P34 protein in soybean. These results will be helpful in breeding program for selecting the line with lacking KTI protein and reduced amount of P34 protein in soybean.
Yu-Mi Choi;Hyemyeong Yoon;Myoung-Jae Shin;Yoonjung Lee;On Sook Hur;XiaoHan Wang;Kebede Taye Desta
Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
/
2021.04a
/
pp.15-15
/
2021
Seed coat color and seed weight are among the key agronomical traits that determine the nutritional quality of soybean seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the contents of total protein, total oil and five prominent fatty acids in seeds of 49 soybean varieties recently cultivated in Korea, and assess the influences of seed coat color and seed weight on each. Total protein and total oil contents were in the ranges of 36.28-44.19% and 13.45-19.20%, respectively. Likewise, individual fatty acid contents were in the ranges of 9.90-12.55, 2.45-4.00, 14.97-38.74, 43.22-60.26, and 5.37-12.33% for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, respectively. Our results found significant variations of protein, oil and fatty acid contents between the soybean varieties. Moreover, both seed coat color and seed weight significantly affected total oil and fatty acid contents. Total protein content, however, was not significantly affected by any factor. Among colored soybeans, pale-yellow soybeans were characterized by a high level of oleic acid (30.70%) and low levels of stearic (2.72%), linoleic (49.30%) and linolenic (6.44%) acids, each being significantly different from the rest of colored soybeans (p < 0.05). On the other hand, small soybeans were characterized by high levels of all individual fatty acids except oleic acid. The level of oleic acid was significantly high in large seeds. Cluster analysis grouped the soybeans into two classes with notable content differences. Principal component analysis also revealed fatty acids as the prime factors for the variability observed among the soybean varieties. As expected, total oil and total protein contents showed a negative association with each other (r = -0.714, p < 0.0001). Besides, oleic acid and linoleic acid showed a tradeoff relationship (r = -0.936, p < 0.0001) which was reflected with respect to both seed coat color and seed weight. In general, the results of this study shade light on the significance of seed coat color and seed weight to distinguish soybeans in terms of protein, oil and fatty acid contents. Moreover, the soybean varieties with distinct characteristics and nutritional contents identified in this study could be important genetic resources for consumption and cultivar development.
Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merill] are a rich source of antioxidants and other phytonutrients. Soybean sprouts contain many biologically active secondary metabolites and are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. In the present study, two soybean cultivars, Hosim, with high oleic acid (- 80% in total seed oil), and Pungsannamul, with normal oleic acid (- 23%) in seed, were examined for changes in the content of crude protein, crude oil, total flavonoids, total phenolics, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) during the sprouting duration of 5 days. The protein content in both the varieties was found to increase by the days of sprouting. The crude oil content of Pungsannamul sprouts was found to be maximum on day 1 (16.9%, w/w) and decreased thereafter to reach to the level of 14.8% on day 5. No significant differences in the crude oil content of Hosim sprouts from day 1 to 5 were observed. Flavonoid content was found to increase up to day 4 and then dropped on day 5, in both the cultivars. Total polyphenol content showed a tendency to increase up to day 3 and started to decrease significantly from day 4. DPPH activity was found to increase up to day 5 in both the varieties. All the components studied in the high oleic acid soybean sprouts showed a change in content during the sprouting process similar to the change that would occur in normal oleic acid soybeans. The study showed that the contents of antioxidant, flavonoid, and polyphenol significantly increase during the sprouting.
Kim, Sun-Lim;Yun, Hong-Tae;Moon, Jung-Kyung;Park, Keum-Yong;Lee, Yeong-Ho;Ryu, Yong-Hwan
KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
/
v.49
no.2
/
pp.141-147
/
2004
This study was carried out to know the variation of soybean seed proteins, 11S and 7S globulins, and their amino acid compositions among different colored soybean varieties, 'Danbaegkong' (yellow), 'Pureunkong' (green) 'Jinyulkong' (brown), and 'Geoumjeongkong l' (black). Soybean seed proteins showed a wide range in molecular size, but the electrophoresis patterns of total seed protein subunits showed a similarity among different colored soybean varieties. Amino acid compositions of total seed proteins were similar for all soybean varieties tested. However, soybean varieties showed low composition rates in sulfur containing amino acids. The composition rates of cysteine and methionine in the 11S globulins were higher than those of total seed proteins and 7S globulins. Glutamic acid and glycine were higher in the 11S and 7S globulins than those of total seed proteins. However, the levels of methionine and phenylalanine are high in the 11S globulins, but those of valine and lysin are slightly lower than the 7S globulins. By using HPLC, we tried to analyse the soybean seed proteins. The 11S globulin was composed of 10 major peaks whereas the 7S globulin was composed of 4 major peaks. The composition rates of 11S related proteins have a tendency to increasing during the maturing whereas those of 7S related proteins have a tendency to decreasing. Composition rates of each peaks among different colored soybean varieties suggested that soybean seed proteins are varied, although they showed similarity in the electrophoresis patterns, and understanding of this characteristics is important for the utilization of soybeans.
A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique was applied to cytokinin-protein binding assay. Binding of soybean leaf proteins to cytokinin and relative affinities of protein fractions to cytokinin were studied. The electrophoresis technique appeared to be very useful for determination of cytokinin-protein binding, for identification of protein species binding to cytokinin and for comparison of relative affinities of the proteins to cytokinin. The presence of cytokinin-binding proteins in soybean leaves was confirmed from assays with ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-25 chromatography, paper chromatography, and electrophoresis. Three groups of cytokinin-binding proteins were identified in the soybean leaf protein extract and two of the three showed low affinity to cytokinin, however, the third one with mobility between $0.0{\sim}0.2$, probably high molecular weight protein (s), showed high affinity in the electrophoretic analysis.
Seo, Jin-Dong;Chae, Jong-Hyun;Park, Ji-Ho;Kim, Min-Su;Kwon, Chan-Ho;Lee, Jeong-Dong
Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
/
v.32
no.2
/
pp.105-109
/
2014
The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an edible legume, has a high protein content in both its hay and grain, so it is often used as a supplement for other forages that have a deficient protein concentration. Therefore, this study investigated the forage quality and yield in the case of mixed planting of soybean and corn. The forage yield and quality were assessed for three cropping patterns: soybean mono planting, corn mono planting, and mixed planting of soybean and corn. For planting, this study used a forage corn cultivar, Kwangpyeongok, and three recombinant inbreed lines, W2, W4, and W11, selected from Glycine soja (PI483463)${\times}$G. max (Hutcheson). The mixed planting of soybean and corn produced a higher forage yield than the corn mono cropping. The crude protein and crude fat content were also increased with the mixed planting of soybean and corn when compared with the corn mono cropping. Some decrease of ADF and NDF, and increase for RFV in mixed planting of soybean and corn than corn mono cropping. Therefore, the results show that mixed planting of soybean and corn is an effective cropping system to improve the forage quality.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.