• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.129-152
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• 2000

The Cheju Current (CC), defined here as a mean eastward flow in the Cheju Strait, mostly carries water of high temperature and salinity originating from the Kuroshio in winter and spring, the Cheju Warm Current Water (CWCW). The strong core of the eastward component of the CC is found close to Cheju Island (Cheju-Do, hereafter) in winter and spring with a peak speed of about 17.0 cm/s. The eastward flow weakens towards the northern Cheju Strait, and a weak westward flow occurs occasionally close to the southern coast of Korea. The volume transport ranges from 0.37 to 0.45 Sv(1 Sv=10$^6$ m$^3$/s) in winter and spring. Seasonal thermocline and harocline are formed in summer and eroded in November. The occurrence of the CWCW is confined in the southern Cheju Strait close to Cheju-Do below the seasonal thermocline in summer and fall, and cold water occupies the lower layer north of the CWCW which is thought to be brought into the area from the area west of Cheju-Do along with the CWCW. Stratification acts to increase both the speed of the CC with a peak speed of greater than 30 cm/s and the vertical shear of the along-strait currents. The strong core of the CC detached from the coast of Cheju-Do and shifted to the north during the stratified seasons. The volume transport in summer and fall ranges 0.510.66 Sv, which is about 1.5 times larger than that in winter and spring. An annual cycle of the cross-strait sea level difference shows its maximum in summer and fall and minimum in winter and spring, whose tendency is consistent with the annual variability of the CC and its transport estimated from the ADCP measurements. Moored current measurements west of Cheju-Do indicate the clockwise turning of the CC, and the moored current measurements in the Cheju Strait for 1530 days show the low-frequency variability of the along-strait flow with a period of about 37 days.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to clarify the components for the improvement of outdoor spaces in farmyards and to suggest guidelines for the planning of these spaces. The objects of this study were the general farmyards located around farmhouses which had government support for the construction of on-site gardens. The results were as follows: 1. Although over 50% of the general farmyards did not have gardens, most gardens of farmyards (90% and over) featured trees and/or flowers. This demonstrated that the residents of the farmyards thought positively about green spaces. 2. With the establishment of a garden, the self-image of the household improved along with the physical environment. Thus, the construction of the garden brought about psychologically and physically positive results. 3. Regarding the degree of satisfaction with green space and shade, the rate of farmyards with gardens was higher than those without. With more government support for developing such green spaces, satisfaction with them could increase. The same result was obtained regarding the degree of satisfaction towards visual harmony with nearby farmyards, indicating that neighboring farm households want to have positive relationships with one another. 4. The frequency of use of living space increased through the construction of gardens in farmyards, in spite of decreased working space. %is aspect could be used as data in the planning of gardens in farmyards. 5. The perceived necessity of gardens in the general farmyards and desire to construct new gardens rose. This preference was high in gardens with abundant greenery and a lot of rest facilities. This study suggests those reasons result from a poor farm economy. With government support, general farmyards without gardens could construct gardens. And we might infer that the residents' desire to construct a garden in general famyards had been influenced by a neighbor with a garden.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.285-296
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• 2005

Reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition technology has been used to study SiGe heterostructure epitaxy and device issues, including SiGe relaxed buffers, proper control of Ge component and crystalline defects, two dimensional delta doping, and their influence on electrical properties of devices. From experiments, 2D profiles of B and P presented FWHM of 5 nm and 20 nm, respectively, and doses in 5×10/sup 11/ ∼ 3×10/sup 14/ ㎝/sup -2/ range. The results could be employed to fabricate SiGe/Si heterostructure field effect transistors with both Schottky contact and MOS structure for gate electrodes. I-V characteristics of 2D P-doped HFETs revealed normal behavior except the detrimental effect of crystalline defects created at SiGe/Si interfaces due to stress relaxation. On the contrary, sharp B-doping technology resulted in significant improvement in DC performance by 20-30 ％ in transconductance and short channel effect of SiGe HMOS. High peak concentration and mobility in 2D-doped SiGe heterostructures accompanied by remarkable improvements of electrical property illustrate feasible use for nano-sale FETs and integrated circuits for radio frequency wireless communication in particular.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2000

본 논문은 칼라 성분 영상들 간에 내재된 스펙트럴 중복성에 착안하여 한 성분 영상에서 다른 성분 영상을 블록 기반으로 추정부호화함으로써 칼라 영상 부호화 시에 고압축을 실현할 수 있도록 한 칼라 영상 부호화에 관한 것이다. 우선, 휘도 영상을 대상으로 웨이블렛 변환을 위하여 각 주파수 성분으로 구성된 분해 영상을 획득한다. 이후, 웨이블렛 변환을 통한 영상 분석 과정에서 발생되는 고주파 계수를 이용하여 스펙트럴 상관성을 추정할 시에 기본 단위가 되는 추정 블록의 크기를 결정하기 위한 비용 함수를 정의한다. 마지막으로, 이 비용 함수에 따라 추정 블록의 크기를 가변시키면서 휘도 영상과 ,R, B 영상간의 추정 오차가 최소가 되도록 하는 비례 인자와 가감 인자를 블록당 하나씩 산출하는 과정을 반복적으로 수행한 후, 이렇게 추정한 각각의 비례 인자와 가감 인자를 부호화함으로써 칼라 성분 영상을 부호화할 수 있는 새로운 칼라 영상 부호화 방법을 제안한다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2003

Rheumatoid arthritis patients not only suffer from the physical damage, but they are afflicted severely mental and psychologic after effects. Their depression and low self-esteem eventually yields serious mental damages, which makes difficult for them to recover. The states of mental health of arthritis patients are diversified depending on the characters and surrounding circumstances, although they may have suffered from the similar condition. Therefore this research was conbucted to the factors that can give positive influences to the patients. In recent time, social support for the arthritis patients has become an important factor that can positively influence their mental health. In other words, social support can act as an important environmental system for arthritis patients to recover their damaged mental health. In order to fulfill this purpose, 118 patients were examined to identify the relationship between the variables. The summary of the result obtained from the research is as follow: 1. The structural aspect of social support for arthritis patients showed the most of them had various social support network size and their highest support system were 'family', 'relative' and 'friends'. The functional aspect of social support for arthritis patients showed moderate degree and their highest sub component was 'approval'. 2. High correlation was found between duration of relationship, similarity, frequency of meeting and functional support. There was no relationship between depression, self-esteem and social support. 3. Therefore this research has suggested that nurses who care rheumatoid arthritis patient consider the above condition to develop self-help group.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.371-380
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• 2011

영상 구현 장치를 사용할 때, 여러가지 이유로 인하여 발생하는 잡음은 화질을 악화시키는 문제를 발생시킨다. 이러한 문제를 해결하는 과정에서의 근본적인 어려움은 영상에서 보존해야 할 신호와 제거해야할 잡음을 구분하는 것이 쉽지않다는 것이다. 언샵 마스킹과 같은 대비증폭 과정은 영상을 개선하는데 사용되는 매우 중요한 방법이다. 이 방법을 사용하면 증폭된 고주파 성분이 원래의 영상에 더하여 영상이 개선되는 효과를 얻는데, 언샵 마스킹의 특성으로 인하여 잡음 성분도 강화되어 또렷하게 부각되는 문제가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 입력 영상에서 신호와 잡음을 효과적으로 구별하여 적응적으로 적절한 언샵 마스킹 처리를 할 수 있는 블럭방법을 제안한다. 모의실험 결과, 제안한 알고리즘을 적용함으로써 잡음 성분을 증폭시키지 않으면서 전체적인 영상의 질을 개선할 수 있는 것이 가능한 것을 확인하였다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2007

Using a reference slurry, ammonium dodecyl sulfate (ADS), an anionic and environmentally friendly surfactant, was investigated as an alternative to BTA for its inhibition and lubrication characteristics. Results demonstrated that the inhibition efficiency of ADS was superior to that of BTA. Coefficient of friction (COF) was the lowest when the slurry contained ADS. This suggested that adsorbed ADS on the surface provided lubricating action thereby reducing the wear between the contacting surfaces. Temperature results were consistent with the COF and removal rate data. ADS showed the lowest temperature rise again confirming the softening effect of the adsorbed surfactant layer and less energy dissipation due to friction. Spectral analysis of shear force showed that increasing the pad-wafer sliding velocity at constant wafer pressure shifted the high frequency spectral peaks to lower frequencies while increasing the variance of the frictional force. Addition of ADS reduced the fluctuating component of the shear force and the extent of the pre-existing stick-slip phenomena caused by the kinematics of the process and collision event between pad asperities with the wafer. By contrast, in the case of BTA, there were no such observed benefits but instead undesirable effects were seen at some polishing conditions. This work underscored the importance of real-time force spectroscopy in elucidating the adsorption, lubrication and inhibition of additives in slurries in CMP.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 1997

Steroid 21 hydroxylase deficiency is a major cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and is caused by genetic impairment of the gene (CYP21B). In the human genome, CYP21B is located within the MHC class III region on the short arm of chromosome 6. Most of the genes in this region are highly polymorphic and crowded. Also the CYP21B gene is accompanied by its pseudogene (CYP21A) and tandemly arranged with two genes of fourth component of complement. This highly complex gene cluster in this area may predispose genetic instability of CYP21, i.e. mutations. In this study, tried to investigate the frequency of duplication and deletion of CYP21 and patterns of the genetic alterations of these genes.We also compared the genetic alteration in normal subjects with those of the CAH patients. The results showed that 15% of the normal korean population have duplication or deletion of CYP21. There was one normal subject with heterozygous deletion of CYP21B. Of the 5 CAH patients examined, 2 were found to show abnormal patterns. One was a large-scale gene conversion and the other a gene conversion associated with deletion involving both CYP21B and C4 locus II gene. Through this study, we carne to the conclusion that the duplication or even deletion of CYP21 and C4 might be quite a common event in the Korean population and these rearrangements must be regarded as polymorphisms. It could contribute to a high incidencs of CAH by providing a genetic pool of instable CYP21.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2011

본 논문은 잡음에 강인한 초점 값을 이용한 피사체 중심의 자동초점 알고리듬을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 영상의 엔트로피를 이용하여 피사체가 존재하는 영역을 자동으로 추정함으로써, 배경에 의해 잘못된 자동초점 결과를 얻는 문제점을 개선하였다. 또한 이산 코사인 변환 계수를 분석하여 새로운 초점 값 계산 방법을 제안하였고, 실험결과를 통해 기존의 알고리듬에 비해 제안된 방법이 가우시안 잡음과 임펄스 잡음이 있는 경우에도 초점 값 특성이 강인함을 검증하였다. 제안하는 자동초점 알고리듬은 지능형 감시 시스템의 팬-틸트-줌 카메라 등에 적용 가능하다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2011

디지털 비디오 워터마킹의 성능은 디지털 비디오에서 많은 정보를 은닉하는 방법에 대한 평가이다. 그러므로 디지털 컨텐츠에 대한 주파수 영역의 고화질의 동영상에 많은 비트의 데이터를 저장하는 방법이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 워터마크 요소 중 강인성과 비시각성 사이의 절충을 통해서 동영상의 프레임에 대해 휘도 성분을 추출한 후 웨이블릿 변환을 수행하여 LH와 HL 부대역에 워터마크를 내장하고 비시각적인 워터마크 기반의 강인한 워터마크를 통해 향상된 워터마크의 보안성을 위한 워터마크 시스템을 설계한다. 워터마크의 보안성에 대한 성능의 분석은 통계적인 방법을 사용하여 비시각적인 워터마킹에서의 다양한 공격에 대한 강인성을 평가한다. 실험 결과에 따르면 노이즈 추가, 손실 압축, Low-Pass 필터링과 같은 일반적인 신호 처리를 수행하여 워터마크 강인성과 비시 각성을 평가하였고, 다양한 공격에 대한 워터마크의 보안성을 검증할 수 있었다.