• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the growth rate, hematological and serological changes of the rats when they were fed with the high fat diets supplemented with or without the tannic acid for five weeks. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats(235.7\pm10.7g\;of\;body\;weight)$ were randomly divided into four groups, control group and three treatment groups(T1, T2 and T3). Rats in control group were fed with the high fat diet containing $15\%\;lard,\;1\%$ cholesterol and $0.5\%$ sodium cholate(wt/wt) which was modified from the formula of American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-76 diet and rats in treatment groups were fed with above diet supplemented with $0.25\%(T1),\;0.5\%(T2)$ or $0.75\%(T3)$ of tannic acid(wt/wt), respectively. The supplementation of tannic acid(TA) did not affect the final body weight, gain of body weight and feed intake of rats in both control and treatment groups. The numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values in blood of rats showed no significant differences between control group and treatment groups. The glucose concentration and albumin/globulin(A/G) ratio of rats in treatment groups were slightly lower than that of control group without significance. The values of total protein, albumin and globulin showed no significant differences between control group and treatment groups. The values of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein­cholesterol and atherogenic index in sera of rats in treatment groups were much lower than that of control group without significance. The values of triglycerides in sera of rats in T3 group were significantly lower than that of control group (p<0.05). The values of AST and ALT in sera of rats in T3 group were significantly lower than that of control group (p<0.05). Thus supplementation of tannic acid to high fat diet could be effective to reduce the serum lipid levels such as total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides which were regarded as to cause the cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.8-27
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• 2018

Objective This study investigated the effects of Jeoreongchajeonja-tang in a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. Methods The study examined 9-week-old male mice (C57bl/6J) divided into four groups: the normal(C57bl/6J-Nr), control (high-fat diet only; HFD-CTL), positive-control (high-fat diet with Garcinia cambogia), and experimental (high-fat diet with Jeoreongchajeonja-tang; HFD-JCT) groups. After 7 weeks, the body weight, food efficiency ratio, organ weight, and visceral fat weight of the mice were measured. Blood serum tests, mRNA, liver histopathology, and epididymis adipocytes were also examined. Results Compared with the Control(HFD-CTL) group, the Experimental(HFD-JCT) group given Jeoreongchajeonja-tang showed significant reductions in absolute body weight and food efficiency ratio. The serum alanine aminotransferase, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, insulin-like growth factor-1, and leptin levels were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant reductions in absolute abdominal subcutaneous fat, epididymal adipose tissue, kidney adipose tissue, intestine adipose tissue, and liver, kidney and spleen adipose tissue weights. The C/EBP-${\beta}$, leptin, and SREBP1c/ADD1 mRNA expression were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, while the UCP-2 and adiponectin mRNA expression were significantly higher. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed a significant reduction in the absolute adipocyte area in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue. Conclusion Jeoreongchajeonja-tang has an anti-obesity effect. Additional clinical studies are expected.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1296-1302
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• 2005

Laminariae Thallus has been known to be effective for the treatment of obesity. Te show the effectiveness of Laminariae Thallus in a more scientific way, Laminariae Thallus extract was prepared and evaluated in high fat diet rats by measuring the changes of body weight and lipid metabolism as described briefly below. 200 g of crushed Laminariae Thallus was extracted with methyl alcohol. The extract was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 14.4g. For 10 weeks, control group rat were ingested high fat diet, while the test group rat were fed with a fat diet pius Laminariae Thallus extract. Normal group was fed with normal diet. 150 mg of Laminariae Thallus extract per 1 kg of body weight was added to the diet in a test group rats. Control group rats on a high fat diet gained weight significantly, whereas the test group rats on a high fat diet plus Laminariae Thallus extract gained weight less. Significant increase of liver weight caused in a high fat diet was also inhibited by the Laminariae Thallus extract treatment. Total lipid, triglyceride, phospholipid and total cholesterol levels of serum in the high fat diet rats were remarkably increased, whereas their levels on a high fat diet plus Laminariae Thallus extract were less increased. While serum HDL-cholesterol levels was remarkably decreased in a high fat diet, its level was less decreased in a high fat diet plus Laminariae Thallus extract. Furthermore, we observed that the activities of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase increased in a high fat diet, while their activities in a high fat diet plus Laminariae Thallus extract were getting back nearly to the normal levels of normal diet rats. These result showed that the obesity caused by a high fat diet was effectively inhibited by a Laminariae Thallus extract. Our results also showed that the abnormal lipid metabolism caused by a high fat diet was effectively cured by adding Laminariae Thallus extract.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.48-65
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Changbudodam-tang on obesity by using high-fat diet rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups. Normal group: Normal diet, Control group: High-fat diet, Positive control group: High-fat diet+Dietamin 4 mg/kg/day, Changbudodam-tang-Low group: High-fat diet+Changbudodam-tang 250 mg/kg/day, Changbudodam-tang-High group: High-fat diet+Changbudodam-tang 500 mg/kg/day. Weight, food intake were measured every week. After 7 weeks, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, Triglyceride, free fatty acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, complete blood count were measured and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, leptin were observed using Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of liver cells. Results: There was no difference in food intake between groups. Body weight tended to decrease compared with the Control group, but it wasn't statistically meaningfull. The total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, Triglyceride, free fatty acid tended to decrease compared with the Control group. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol tended to decrease compared with the Control group, but it wasn't statistically meaningfull. White blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, platelet, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase were not affected by Changbudodam-tang. The messenger ribonucleic acid expression of Adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, leptin, which are involved in the differentiation of adipocytes, was decreased compared with the Control group. Conclusions: Based on the results above, it is suggested that Changbudodam-tang can be applied to improving serum lipid levels in obese patients caused by high fat diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.284-291
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• 2011

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of water extracts from red pepper seeds powder on antioxidative enzyme activities and oxidative damage in groups of rrats fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diets group (HFC). The Rrats were divided into the following five experimental groups which are : composed of a normal diet group, a high fat high cholesterol diet group, and a high fat high cholesterol diet group supplemented with different amounts contents (1%, 2% and 4%) of red pepper seeds powder water extracts supplemented groups (HFCW1, HFCW2 and HFCW4, respectively). Body weight gains and food intake were lower ofin the red pepper seed water extracts groups were lower than those inof the HFC group. Hepartic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity was decreased in the HFCW2 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepartic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activitiyactivity was increased in the HFCW4 group compared to the HFC group. Hepatic superoxide radicals within the mitochondria and microsomes of cells were significantly reduced in the HFCW2 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepartic hydrogen peroxide in the cytosol was significantly reduced in the HFCW3 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepatic carbonyl values in the microsomes and mitochondria were significantly reduced in the HFCW4 group compared to the HFC group. Hepartic thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) activity was decreased in the HFCW2 group compared to the HFC group. These results suggest that water extracts of red pepper seeds powder may reduce oxidative damage by activation of antioxidative defense systems in rats fed high fat-high cholesterol diets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.487-493
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the effects of a diet with a red yeast sweet potato supplement on fecal amount and lipid metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks. Rats were fed a high-fat diet (15% fat) with additional lard (7%) and cholesterol (1%) based on AIN-93G basal diet (7% fat) for 6 weeks during the first phase. In the second phase, which lasted 4 weeks, the rats divided into four experimental groups which were composed of a high-fat diet group as a control (CON), a high-fat diet with 5% white-fleshed sweet potato supplement group (WFSP), a high-fat diet with 5% red yeast sweet potato supplement group (RYSP), and a high-fat diet with 5% purple-fleshed sweet potato supplement group (PFSP). The fecal amount of group RYSP increased significantly during the second phase compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The fecal total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) content of group RYSP were also highest among all experimental groups. The serum TC and TG were shown to have the lowest levels in the group RYSP, and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in groups RYSP and PFSP than in group CON (p<0.05). These results indicate that supplementation with red yeast sweet potato seemed to be effective in increasing feces and fecal lipid excretion, and also in decreasing serum lipid levels in rats fed a high-fat diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.432-441
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• 1987

This study was undertaken to investigate effects of alcohol and fat content in a balanced diet on growth, hepatic function and some biochemical indices of blood in growing rats. Fourty eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about 160g were divided into 4 groups ; high fat diet group, alcohol-adminstered high fat diet group, low fat diet group and alcohol-administered low fat diet group. High and low fat diet supplied 30% and 12%, respectively, of total calorie intake from fat and alcohol-treated groups received water containing 10% ethanol. Diets contained adequate amounts of all nutrients required for rats, including lipotropic agents(choline and methionine) to minimize effects of factors other than alcohol on liver function. Growth rate was lowest in alcohol-administered low-fat diet group, despite that their energy intake was equivalent to the others. For a 3-week study period, 21.86% and 23.61% of total calorie intake were derived from alcohol in alcohol-adminitered high fat diet group and low fat diet group, respectively. There was no influenced on vitamin B$_1$ status by alcohol consumption. Concentration of triglyceride in plasma increased with alcohol comsumption, and the effect was greater after 6 weeks than after 3 weeks of alcohol consumption . Difference of dietary fat content did not affect the level of triglyceride . The levels of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in plasma were not influenced by alcohol consumption. Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity and hepatic mitochondrial respiration rate did not differ between groups. The results indicate that neither moderate alcohol drinking for 6 weeks nor fat content with a balanced diet caused any dramatic change of metabolism and liver function in rats. However they suggest that even moderate alcohol consumption can affect growth of animals dramatically and the effect may be lessened with relatively high fat content in diet.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.73-83
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• 2008

Objectives : In this research, it was investigate that had effects on acupuncture techniques of $HT_{8}$(Shaofu) and $LR_{2}$(Xingjian) acupoints in high fat rats. We recorded data of weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, r-GTP, total bilirubin on rats fed high fat diet for 10 weeks. Methods : We divided experimental groups into four. Group of high-fat diet feeding and no treatment was control, group of high-fat diet feeding and acupuncture at $HT_{8}{\cdot}LR_{2}$ was Acu-1, group of high-fat diet feeding and acupuncture at $HT_{8}{\cdot}LR_{2}$ and rotated counter-clockwise 36times was Acu-2, high-fat diet feeding and acupuncture at $HT_{8}$(body direction)${\cdot}LR_{2}$(lower limb direction) and rotated counter-clockwise 36times was Acu-3. Results : In Acu-3 group, body weight on 2 weeks after starting acupuncture, food efficiency and the level of serum total cholesterol were decreased, and the level of HDL-cholesterol was increased. In Acu-1 group, the level of triglyceride was increased but ALT was decreased. Conclusions : These results suggest that treatment of acupuncture at $HT_{8}$(body direction)${\cdot}LR_{2}$(lower limb direction) and rotated counter-clockwise 36times may be having the influence on high fat by controlling the level of serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 1972

The present study was undertaken to determine the metabolic effect of various levels of fat in the diet. Forty males and the same number of females weighing $35{\pm}29$ were divided into three experimental groups and one control group, 10 rats each in both sexes. The dietary lipid contents were included in three levels, 2% as low, 30% as high and fat free diet in order to reflect the lipid consumption of present Korean diet. 20% sugar casein diet were employed as standard for control animals. This study was carried for 16 weeks. After these period animals were sacrificed to collect the internal organs and blood samples by heart puncture. In the result of this study, high fat diet group is lower than low fat diet group in the body weight gain, food efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, urinary nitrogen and organ nitrogen contents were same trend but there is no significant difference in these respects. It was noteworty that high, and free fat diet group revealed more glucose total protein, albumin and globulin contents in the serum than other compared groups. It can be concluded that fat content whether low or high are free in the diet did not show significant effect on body nitrogen metabolism. But 30% high fat diet increased the total lipid and total cholesterol contents in the liver and the serum. This fact can be interpreted that 2% low fat diet and fat free diet do not need to increase the amount of fat content in the diet as high as 30% fat diet. This result might indicate the one possible reason to decide the recommanded dietary fat levels in Korean diet.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.170-187
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• 2011

Background : Obesity, the syndrome caused by a high fat diet, is a disease. At the same time, obesity causes diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Recently, its prevalence rate is increasing. Yagwan-cheunghyeoltang (YCT) used in this experiment is the prescription of Yagwanmoon added to Cheunghyeol-tang which is reported to be very effective in weight loss controlling and serum cholesterol. It is also reported that Yagwanmoon has significant antioxidant effects and YCT has a significant effect on blood glucose control. Objectives : This study was conducted to experimentally evaluate the effects of YCT on obesity in rats induced by high fat diet. Methods : The experiment was conducted with 4-week-old male rat s divided into 5 groups. They were a normal diet group, a high fat diet group, a positive drug control group, a 1% YCT group, and a YCT 3% group, and were tested for eight weeks. After four weeks of inducing obesity by a high fat diet, rats were allowed to lose weight by following the normal diet group, approximately 30% compared with 10 rats in each group were determined as still obese. Changes in body weight and organ weight and serum cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose-density, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, antioxidant activity were checked. Results : In the experimental groups, we observed weight loss and visceral fat reduction, improvement of liver function, reduction of serum glucose, activation of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, reduction of concentrations of leptin and it showed a significant effect on antioxidants and lipid peroxidation. Conclusions : YCT has significant effects on the regulation of hyperlipidemia and lipid peroxidation associated with obesity and has significant effects on, antioxidants and lipid peroxidation, too. Additional clinical studies are needed.