• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.76 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2020

Aiming at the mechanical and structural characteristics of the contact zone composite rock, the shear tests and numerical studies were carried out. The effects of the differences in mechanical properties of different materials and the normal stress on shear properties of contact zone composite samples were analyzed from a macro-meso level. The results show that the composite samples have high shear strength, and the interface of different materials has strong adhesion. The differences in mechanical properties of materials weakens the shear strength and increase the shear brittleness of the sample, while normal stress will inhibit these effect. Under low/high normal stress, the sample show two failure modes, at the meso-damage level: elastic-shearing-frictional sliding and elastic-extrusion wear. This is mainly controlled by the contact and friction state of the material after damage. The secondary failure of undulating structure under normal-shear stress is the nature of extrusion wear, which is positively correlated to the normal stress and the degree of difference in mechanical properties of different materials. The increase of the mechanical difference of the sample will enhance the shear brittleness under lower normal stress and the shear interaction under higher normal stress.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2016

Underwater weapon system is required to structurally strong material, since as it is directly exposed to external shock. It should also be using the lightweight material in order to take advantage of buoyancy. Composite materials meet these requirements simultaneously. Particularly in the case of submarine, composite materials are widely used. It is important to have a high strength enough to be able to withstand external shock, but it is also important to attenuate it. In a method for the shock damping, viscoelastic damping materials are inserted between the high strength composite material as a sandwich structure. Shock attenuation can be evaluated in the loss factor. In ASTM(American Society of Testing Materials), evaluation method of the loss factor of cantilever specimens is specified. In this paper, mode tests of the cantilever are performed by the ASTM standard, in order to calculate the loss factor of the viscoelastic damping material by the specified expression. Further, for verifying of the calculated loss factor, mode test of compound beams is carried out. In addition, the characteristics of the material were analyzed the effect on the loss factor.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.166-173
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• 2014

The effects of printed circuit board electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) and organic solderability preservative (OSP) surface finishes on the electromigration reliability and shear strength of Sn-3.5Ag Pb-free solder bump were systematically investigated. In-situ annealing tests were performed in a scanning electron microscope chamber at 130, 150, and $170^{\circ}C$ in order to investigate the growth kinetics of intermetallic compound (IMC). Electromigration lifetime and failure modes were investigated at $150^{\circ}C$ and $1.5{\times}10^5A/cm^2$, while ball shear tests and failure mode analysis were conducted under the high-speed conditions from 10 mm/s to 3000 mm/s. The activation energy of ENIG and OSP surface finishes during annealing were evaluated as 0.84 eV and 0.94 eV, respectively. The solder bumps with ENIG surface finish showed longer electromigration lifetime than OSP surface finish. Shear strengths between ENIG and OSP were similar, and the shear energies decreased with increasing shear speed. Failure analysis showed that electrical and mechanical reliabilities were very closely related to the interfacial IMC stabilities.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.947-956
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• 2018

Subsea tunnel built in abyssal zone is exposed to environment under high water pressure caused by seawater and etc., and this high pressure from underground water may facilitate leaching. In particular, since underground water can be easily flown in during construction, this might cause many problems related to cutoff water. Therefore, in order to secure safety, it is necessary to apply grouting equipment and materials which are appropriate to construction environment. Accordingly, in this research, evaluation was made on the physical characteristics of grouting materials (strength, leaching and etc. depending on curing methods for each of used materials and condition) which can be applied during subsea tunnel construction. As a result of this research, stable strength increase was found in CA and CSA type, and it is determined that no decrease in their durability was found, so these can be used as stable materials for structures under influenced by seawater.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.330-340
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• 2024

Al-Mg-Si alloys are light weight and have excellent corrosion resistance, and are attracting attention as a liner material for high-pressure hydrogen containers in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Because it has excellent plastic hardening properties, it is also applied to car body panel materials, but it is moderate in strength, so research to improve the strength by adding Si-rich or Cu is in progress. So far, the authors have conducted research on the intergranular fracture of alloys with excessive Si addition from the macroscopic mechanical point of view, such as specimen shape. To evaluate their impact tensile properties, the split-Hopkinson bar impact test was performed using thin plate specimens of coarse and fine grain alloys of Al-Mg-X (X = Cr,Si) alloy. The effect of the shape of the specimen on the characteristics was studied through finite element method (FEM) analysis. As a result, it was found that the intergranular fracture of the alloy with excessive Si depended on the specimen width (W)/grain size (d), which can be expressed by the specimen size and grain size. As W/d decreases, the intergranular fracture transforms into a transgranular fracture. As the strain rate increases, the fracture elongation decreases, and the fracture surface of the intergranular fracture becomes more brittle. It was confirmed that intergranular fracture occurred in the high strain rate region even in materials with small grain sizes.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.535-542
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• 2021

In this study, to improve the interfacial bond strength of cast iron-aluminum dissimilar materials, graphite was removed to a certain depth from the cast iron surface through de-graphitization heat treatment. As the heat treatment time increased, the depth at which graphite was removed increased, showing a linear relationship between the heat treatment time and depth. Aluminum was filled to a certain depth on the de-graphitized cast iron surface through die-casting method, and no intermetallic compounds were formed on the cast iron-aluminum interface. The interfacial bonding strength showed a value of 90 MPa regardless of the heat treatment time, which is very high compared to the 12MPa bonding strength of the material without de-graphitization heat treatment. This result is thought to be due to the mechanical bonding of the undercut structure as the liquid aluminum, penetrated by the high pressure die-casting process, solidified in the de-graphitized region of the cast iron.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.195-214
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• 2000

The high-speed steel (shorten as HSS) consists of Fe and several kinds of transition metal carbides. The cutting tools or wear-resistant materials made from HSS experience relatively high thermal shock because a coolant such as water or oil is flowed over the surface of heated HSS. The purpose of this research is to increase the hardness, strength, fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance of HSS. A possible strategy is to incorporate a hard ceramic material with high strength in HSS matrix. This paper describes the processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of the oriented unidirectional mullite fiber/HSS composite. The unidirectional mullite fibers of 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ diameter were dispersed by the ultrasonic irradiation of 38 kHz in an ethylenglycol suspension containing HSS powder of 11${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ median size. The dried green composites with 4-68 vol% fibers were hot-pressed for 2h at 100$0^{\circ}C$ in Ar atmosphere under a pressure of 39 MPa. The higher density was achieved in the composite with a lower content of fibers. The oriented unidirectional fibers were well dispersed in the HSS matrix. The average distance between the center of fibers in the cross section was close to the value calculated from the fiber fraction. No reaction occurred at the interfaces between HSS and mullite fibers in the composites. The composite with 13.6 vol% fibers showed 100 MPa of four point flexural strength at room temperature. The thermal expansion of composite with heating was influenced by the orientation of mullite fibers.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.13-20
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• 2017

In this study, laboratory tests were performed to evaluate for new filling materials (ZA-Soil) for bored pile that were developed using by high calcium ash. As a result of laboratory test, the uniaxial compression strength of 2 types of ZA-Soil are shown 68.0% and 64.6% compared to ordinary portland cement. And it have a suitable flowability and environmental stability. Also, after 28days, uniaxial compression strength of material mixed with soil and high strength filling material (ZA-Soil) for bored pile is 1.10-1.23 times bigger than material mixed with ordinary portland cement.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 2005

In designing the structures of railway rolling stocks, deterministic methods associated with the concept of a safety factor have been traditionally used. The deterministic approaches based on the mean values of applied loads and material properties have been used as safety verification for the design of rolling-stock car body structures. The uncertainties in the applied loading for the high speed train and the strength of new materials in the rolling stocks require the application of probabilistic approaches to ensure fatigue safety in the desired system. Pressure loadings acting on the car body when the train passes through tunnels show reflected pressure waves for high-speed trains and they may cause a fatigue failure in vehicle bodies. Use of new material technology as body structures also introduces uncertainties in the material strength. A probabilistic approach is more adaptable in designing reliable structures when the pressure waves from the tunnels pounds and new material technology is adopted. In this paper, it is proposed that a fatigue design and assessment method based on a reliability which deals with the loading variations on a railway vehicle due to the pressure reflected in tunnels and the strength variations of material. Equation for the fatigue reliability index has been formulated to calculate the reliability assessment of a vehicle body under fluctuating pressure loadings in a tunnel. Considered in this formulation are the pressure distribution characteristics, the fatigue strength distribution characteristics, and the concept of stress-transfer functions due to the pressure loading.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.463-471
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• 2014

As building height and span is getting taller and longer, the researches to increase material's strength and serviceability are continuously performed. This study evaluated mechanical and chemical properties of newly developed high-strength steel (HSS) for building structures, namely HSA800 and verified cost-effectiveness and applicability of HSS for a tall building by comparing the analysis results of normal strength steel (SM490) model. HSA800 was manufactured by TMCP to have a good weldability in spite of HSS and satisfied Korean Industrial Standards (KS). The analysis results for evaluating cost-effectiveness show that total steel quantity could be saved approximately 30% when using HSS compared to SM490. It is expected that HSA800 will contribute to enhance constructability of building.