• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.162-171
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• 2010

According to the development of industry, many aspects of society have been changed and a living environment has been more convenient than before. However, factors of fire risk are increased because of society which is becoming complex. Moreover, a building built in recently is becoming high-rise and intelligent. Then losses of life and property increase continually. Thus, an institutional strategy which can solve this problem is needed. The purpose of this research is to state a problem of specific a building managing strategy and suggests a reformation of the fire safety grade system of a specific building. The suggested ideas are an adoption of fire risk evaluation of a building, tentatively named "Fire Safety Corporation" establishment, reclassification of the fire safety grade system of a specific building, and newly making fire safety managers of ultra-high buildings and underground structures.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2017

The importance of designing urban building complexes so that they obtain 'urban' power, rather than become isolated from the surrounding urban context, has been well recognized by both researchers and practitioners. Nevertheless, most current discussions are made from architects' personal experiences and intuition, and lack a quantitative understanding, to which obstacles include an in-depth exploration of the 'urban' power between building complexes and the urban environment. This paper attempts to measure this feature of 'urban', i.e., 'urbanity,' through a new analytical approach derived from the opendata environment. Three measurements that can be easily collected though the Google Maps API and Open Street Map are applied herein to evaluate high or low values of urbanity. Specifically, these are 'metric depth', i.e., the scale of extended public space, 'development density', i.e., density and distribution of point of interests (POIs), and 'type diversity', i.e., diversity of different commercial types. Six cases located in Japan, China and Hong Kong respectively are ranked based on this analytical approach and compared with each other. It shows that Japanese cases, i.e., Osaka Station City and Namba Parks, Osaka, obtained clearly higher values than cases in Shanghai and Hong Kong. On one hand, the insight generated from measuring and explaining 'urban' power would help to assist better implementation of this feature in the design of urban building complexes. On the other hand, this analytical approach can be easily extended to achieve a large-scale measurement and comparison among different urban building complexes, which is also helpful for design practitioners.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.645-648
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• 2008

Due to the rapid increase super high-rise buildings and multi-complex spaces, the space of a staged a very complex and variety of situations occur in the space of the building. The management is still based on limited information obtained by the administrator depends on the decision is made. However, the ability of human beings during a limited time, analysis limited information, and there is a limit to take the appropriate action and situation. To overcome these limitations high information technology that can be fused to take advantage of ubiquitous system is to offer. The aim of this study is on object-oriented 3D data and collected information about the status of the 3D data extraction, to exchange data between systems, the use of object-oriented 3D data, and I studied common space information of a multi-use facilities extracted from 3D CAD information to send to the GIS system.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.16-29
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate air ventilation using wind patterns of MetPhoMod program at nighttime focused on Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. Evaluation indices of air ventilation are wind resistant and retention used by results of each wind speed and diversity. The results are as follows. Vulnerable areas of air ventilation are Bonglim-dong, Bansong-dong, Yongji-dong and so on. In high-rise apartment, commercial area and single residential area of Yongji-dong, Sangnam-dong and Sapa-dong, wind is stagnated by high buildings. Therefore, these areas should construct urban spaces to circulate the wind. And to inflow persistingly the fresh wind generated in a rural area, we think that the construction of wind corridor is suggested by development plan and policy wind corridor.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2014

This study measured and compared the variation of ventilation rate and fan energy consumption according to various control strategies after installing wireless sensor-based pilot ventilation system in order to verify the applicability of demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) strategy that was efficient ventilation control strategy for underground parking lot. The underground parking lot pilot ventilation system controlled the ventilation rate by directly or indirectly tracking the traffic load in real-time after sensing data, using vehicle detection sensors and carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) sensor. The ventilation system has operated for 9 hours per a day. It responded real-time data every 10 minutes, providing ventilation rate in conformance with the input traffic load or contaminant level at that time. A ventilation rate of pilot ventilation system can be controlled at 8 levels. The reason is that a ventilation unit consists of 8 high-speed nozzle jet fans. This study proposed vehicle detection sensor based demand-controlled ventilation (VDS-DCV) strategy that would accurately trace direct traffic load and CO sensor based demand-controlled ventilation (CO-DCV) strategy that would indirectly estimate traffic load through the concentration of contaminants. In order to apply DCV strategy based on real-time traffic load, the minimum required ventilation rate per a single vehicle was applied. It was derived through the design ventilation rate and total parking capacity in the underground parking lot. This is because current ventilation standard established per unit floor area or unit volume of the space made it difficult to apply DCV strategy according to the real-time variation of traffic load. According to the results in this study, two DCV strategies in the underground parking lot are considered to be a good alternative approach that satisfies both energy saving and healthy indoor environment in comparison with the conventional control strategies.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.81-88
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• 2009

Damage on low?rise buildings caused by typhoons and storms is increasing every year. Thus, this study examined the distribution of wind pressure coefficient at each position according to the height of monosloped roof, and measured wind pressure coefficient according to tributary area and compared it with the current wind load standard. We analyzed six areas in order to analyze characteristics at each position of a half span roof, and found that the wind pressure coefficient was around 25% higher at the high comer (HC) than at the low corner (LC). The distribution pattern of peak pressure coefficient at each position was the same as the AIK load standard, but in the results of our experiment, wind pressure was around 40% lower than the load standard at HC and around 37% higher than the load standard at LC.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2006

High-resolution aerial color image offers great possibilities for geometric and semantic information for spatial data generation. However, shadow casts by buildings and trees in high-density urban areas obscure much of the information in the image giving rise to potentially inaccurate classification and inexact feature extraction. Though many researches have been implemented for solving shadow casts, few studies have been carried out about the extraction of features hindered by shadows from aerial color images in urban areas. This paper presents a asphalt road boundary extraction technique that combines information from aerial color image and LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) data. The following steps have been performed to remove shadow effects and to extract road boundary from the image. First, the shadow regions of the aerial color image are precisely located using LEAR DSM (Digital Surface Model) and solar positions. Second, shadow regions assumed as road are corrected by shadow path reconstruction algorithms. After that, asphalt road boundary extraction is implemented by segmentation and edge detection. Finally, asphalt road boundary lines are extracted as vector data by vectorization technique. The experimental results showed that this approach was effective and great potential advantages.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.227-237
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• 2019

In terms of the concept of space in urban planning and design, the modern city approaches from the perspective that all spaces are made up of different places based on identity. In this study, we analyzed disparate image by paying attention to the difference between the individual spaces that form the city. And the physical and behavioral factors that respond to the disparate spatial images are derived through legibility measurement. As a result, the urban space in Busan has disparate images such as closure, openness, dynamic + closure, dynamic + openness, quiet space. The following are the legibility factors that make each image stronger. The elements of closure are high-density and high-rise buildings, residence, work, openness appeared as a factor of water space, walking and viewing. Dynamic & Closure is the element of industrial activity, dynamic & openness is open space, water space, swimming element, quiet space image is green space, walking, stay factor.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.30-40
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• 2019

As the urban scale changes and the construction technology develops, the living space is being expanded in three dimensions. However, despite the development of construction technology represented by the appearance of skyscrapers, damage to high - rise buildings with dense population can be rather high. In order to solve such a situation, digital twin technology that can control and predict the real world in real time can be an alternative, and it is necessary to utilize pre-constructed spatial information actively. Therefore, this study aims to provide a standardized data model for using existing such information as well as various information produced in the future to the building disaster prevention field. To this end, we developed a data model that extends the CityGML standard, a representative city information model, to disaster prevention.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.509-515
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• 2021

This study analyzes the efficient floor layout plan of classrooms for securing evacuation stability in school in case of fire by using the Pathfinder simulation program. Efficient evacuation methods and safety were evaluated by analyzing REST (Required Safe Egress Time) according to the allocation of personnel by floor targeting a high school 5-story building equipped with a ramp and stairs. The current status of personnel assignments exceeded the Required Safe Egress Time(RSET), resulting in a problem with evacuation safety. When students were placed on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th floors, the result was that the time exceeded RSET the most. When students were placed on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd floors, the result was that they completed evacuation in the shortest time, less than RSET. In the current state, when evacuation was guided by designating an evacuation exit depending on the location, the result of shortening RSET was obtained. As a result, it is effective to put the students on the lower floors when placing students in high-rise school buildings in terms of evacuation safety, and in the preliminary training, it is required to designate evacuation exits so that they can use the nearest exit for each location in case of a fire. As a future research project, additional research is needed on the RSET when a fire occurs in a specific location according to whether the automatic fire door at that location is opened or closed.