• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary coconut oil as a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) source on performance, carcass composition and serum lipids in male broilers. A total of 540, one-day-old, male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments with each treatment being applied to 6 replicates of 18 chicks. The basal diet (i.e., R0) was based on corn and soybean meal and was supplemented with 1.5% soybean oil during the starter phase (d 0 to 21) and 3.0% soybean oil during the grower phase (d 22 to 42). Four experimental diets were formulated by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the soybean oil with coconut oil (i.e., R25, R50, R75, and R100). Soybean oil and coconut oil were used as sources of long-chain fatty acid and MCFA, respectively. The feeding trial showed that dietary coconut oil had no effect on weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. On d 42, serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were linearly decreased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and total lipase activities were linearly increased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Abdominal fat weight/eviscerated weight (p = 0.05), intermuscular fat width (p<0.01) and subcutaneous fat thickness (p<0.01) showed a significant quadratic relationship, with the lowest value at R75. These results indicated that replacement of 75% of the soybean oil in diets with coconut oil is the optimum level to reduce fat deposition and favorably affect lipid profiles without impairing performance in broilers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.295-304
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• 1988

High PUFA식이와 vitamin E 함량이 흰쥐 간장내의 지질과산화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여, 45Kcal% 고불포화 옥수수유의 정상적 vitamin E함량을 가한 식이군(PF군)과 45Kcal% 고불포화 옥수수유의 가한 PF군에 vitamin E를 5배 첨가한 식이군(PFE군), 45Kcal% 고불포화 옥수수유 식이에 vitamin E를 가하지 않은 식이군 (PFO군)을 실험군으로 하여 3주, 6주 및 9주간 사육한 후 간장에서의 vitamin E 함량과 과산화지질량 및 SOD와 GPX활성을 조사하였다. High PUFA식이에 vitamin E를 정상적으로 가한 PF군은 대조군과 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, vitamin E를 충분히 첨가한 식이 PFE군은 식이내 vitamin E 공급이 부족한 PFO군보다 vitamin E 함량과 GPX활성이 증가하였고, SOD활성과 과산화지질향은 현저하게 감소하였다. 식이 투여기간별로 PF군과 PFE군에 비해 PFO군이 실험기간이 경과할수록 vitamin E 함량과 GPX활성이 감소하였으나, SOD활성과 과산화지질향은 현저히 증가하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2014

This study investigated the classification of olive oils that are mainly distributed in Korea via imports. The fatty acid contents, degree of color, pigments, anti-oxidants, and sterol contents are analyzed on the different types of olive oil as follows: 10 kinds of extra virgin olive oil, 5 kinds of pure olive oil, and 5 kinds of refined olive-pomace oil. As a result of fatty acid analysis, the majority of oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$) and palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$), and minority of linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) and stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$) were detected without any significant differences between the grades of olive oils. The UV spectrum is related to the ${\Delta}K$, and it is a part of the analysis factor for the purity and degree of degradation of the oil. Extra virgin olive oil had ${\Delta}K$ of almost 0, pure olive oil had 0.07~0.12, and refined olive-pomace oil had 0.1~0.13. These differed from extra virgin oil, and the pure or pomace oil ${\Delta}K$ had a confirmed distinct difference. The color degrees of chlorophyll with a low $L^*$ value and $(-)a^*$ (green) and carotenoid with $(+)b^*$ (yellow) were confirmed to have correlation between extra virgin and other olive oils. To compare chlorophyll and carotenoid as natural pigment in olive oils, 417 nm and the ratio of the absorbance at 480 nm (417/480) was calculated at 1.62 of extra virgin, 1.85 of pure olive oil, and 3.32 of refined olive-pomace oil. Therefore, it will be possible to distinguish when the extra virgin or pure olive oil are mixed with olive-pomace oil. The total amount of tocopherol, an anti-oxidant, were 19.06 in extra virgin, 10.91 in pure olive oil, and 27.88 in refined olive-pomace oil. The high content of tocopherol in pomace oil caused recovery of solvent extraction from olive pulp. Thus, extra virgin oil and pure olive oil were distinguished by olive-pomace oil. Polyphenol compounds in extra virgin olive oil measured high only in ferulic acid with 0.543 mg/kg, caffeic acid with 0.393 mg/kg, and other vanillic acid, vanillin, and p-coumaric acid had similar amount of 0.3 mg/kg. All grade of olive oils had the highest ${\beta}$-sitosterol content. Af (Authenticity factor) value were estimated with campesterol and stigmasterol content ratio (%). Af value was 19.2 in extra virgin olive oil, 17.1 in pure olive oil, 16.9 in refined olive-pomace oil, which were distinctive from sunflower oil with 3.7, corn oil with 2.4, and soybean oil with 2.0. It can provide important indicator of olive oil adulteration with other cheap vegetable oils. The results of this study can be used as a database for the classification of olive oil grade and distinguishing between the different types of oils.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.420-430
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• 1991

To compare the hypolipidemic effects of n6 linoleic acid. n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid in rats fed high carbohydrate(70% Cal) diet. male Sprague Dawley rats were fed different experimental diets for 6 weeks. which were different only in fatty acid composition. The dietary fats were beer tallow(BT) as a source of saturated fatty acid (SFA), corn oil(CO) for n6 linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) for n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid(LL) and fish oil(FO) for n3 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Plasma total cholesterol(Chol) level was increased by n6 LA but decreased by n3 LL and n3 EPA and most effectively reduced by n3 EPA. HDL-Chol level was raised by n6 LA, but there was no significant change in HDL-Chol levels by n3 LL and was lowered by n3 EPA. Plasma TG level was reduced by n6 LA, but lipogenesis in liver was not affected by n6 LA. However, plasma TG level was lowered by n3 LL and EPA. Both lipogenic enzyme activity and liver TC level were also decreased by n3 PUFA. The relative proportions of TG in VLDL was significantly lowered by n3 EPA. but the proportions of Apo B in VLDL was not changed by n3 EPA. Overall. the hypolipidemic effect was in the order of EPA+ DHA(n3) >LL(n3) >LA(n6) and fish oil and perilla oil rich in n3 PUFA may have important nutritional applications in the prevention and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.535-540
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• 1992

음양곽(Epimedium koreanum N.)의 methanol 추출물을 각종 식용유지에 첨가하여 $75^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 과산화물가의 변화를 측정하므로서 항산화성을 검토하였던 바 유지의 종류에 따라 효력에 차이를 나타내었고 lard와 corn oil에 대한 항산화 효과가 인정되었으며, 특히 lard에 대하여는 항산화 효과가 켰으며 첨가농도에 따라 효과가 증대되었다. 음양곽 추출물을 $180^{\circ}C$에서 120분간 가열하였을 때에도 66% 이상의 항산화성이 잔존하였으나 대두유에 첨가하여 광산화에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 자외선 조사에 의하여 급격히 산화가 촉진되었다. 음양곽 methanol 추출물 중의 유효 항산화 성분은 tocopherol류와 flavonoid류로 추정되었으며 ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$ and ${\delta}-tocopherol$의 함량은 각각 21.61, 1.48, 5.50 및 3.75 mg%이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.252-258
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• 1998

Biosurfactant를 생산하는 미생물을 토양으로부터 분리하였다. 그 중에서 표면장력 및 계면장력 감소능에서 가장 우수한 L-417주를 순수분리하여 동정한 결과, No-Cardia속으로 판명되었다. Biosurfactant 생산을 위한 최적 배지조성은 3% n-hexadecane, 0.1% $NaNO_3$, 0.02% $K_2HPO_4$, 0.01% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.01% $MgSO_4 \;.\;7H_2O$, 0.01% $CaCl_2$ 0.02% yeast extract였으며, 최적 온도와 pH는 각각 $30^{\circ}C$와 6.0이였다. 이러한 조건에서 500ml용 shaking flask에 최적 배지 50ml를 넣어 배양했을 경우 대수증식기 말기인 4일째에 균의 증식과 유화활성이 가장 높게 나타남에 따라 Nocardia sp. L-417에 의한 bio-surfactant의 생산은 균의 생육과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이계면활성제는 산업적으로 널리 사용되는 bunker A, paraffin, corn oil 및 oilve oil 등에 대해서도 비교적 높은 유화활성을 나타내였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.131-144
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• 1993

본 실험은 식이내 지방의 종류와 수준이 흰쥐의 LCAT활성 및 콜레스테롤 대사에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가를 알아보기 위하여 실시되었다. 식이지바의 종류는 정어리유($\omega$3 linolenic acid) 및 옥수수기름 ($\omega$6 linolic acid)의 네 처리로 나누고 각 처리마다 지방의 수준을 총 에너지의 10%, 20%, 40%등 세수준으로 모두 12군을 두었으며, 식이지바의 무첨가군을 대조구로 두었다. 총 78마리의 Sprague-Dawley 계통 흰쥐 수컷에게 시험식이를 6주간 자유급여하였다. 사양시험 종료 후 간조직에서의 콜레스테롤 합성능력을 알아보기 위해 흰쥐의 간조직을 채취하여 in vitro 배양시험을 실시하였다. 본 시험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 혈장 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤. LDL-콜레스테롤농도 및 HDL-C/T-C비율은 식이지방의 종류에 의해 유의하게(p<0.001) 영향을 받았다. ($\omega$3지방산을 많이 함유한 군(정어리유와 들기름)이 ($\omega$6지방산과 포화지방산을 많이 함유한 군(옥수수기름과 우지)에 비해 혈장내 HDL-콜레스테롤농도가 유의성있게(p<0.001)증가하였고, LDL-콜레스테롤농도는 유의성있게(p<0.05) 감소하였다. 혈장내 콜레스테롤농도는 우지군이 다른지방군에 비해(p<0.001),무지방식이군이 식이지방첨가군에 비해 유의하게(p<0.05)영향을 받았다. 2) 혈장 lecithiin : cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT) 활성은 식이지방첨가군이 무지방식이군보다(p<0.001), 식물성유지군이 동물성지방군보다(p<0.001), 정어리유군이 우지군보다(p<0.001), 들기름군이 옥수수기름군보다(p<0.05), 정어리유군이 들기름군보다 유의성있게(p<0.05) 증가하였다. 저지방식이군이 중지방식이군과 고지방식이군에 비해 혈장내 LCAT 활성이 유의하게9p<0.001) 증가하였다. 3) 간의 콜레스테롤합성 능력은 정어리유군이 다른지방군보다(p<0.001), 무지방식이군이 식이지방첨가군보다(p<0.001), 동물성지방군의 식물성유지군보다 유의하게(p<0.001) 증가하였으나, 식이 지방의 수준에 의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.803-809
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• 2004

본 실험에서는 DG, MG를 함유한 기능성 유지를 합성하기 위해 lipase(IM 60)를 이용하여 현미유와 글라이세롤을 회분식 교반기에서 glycerolysis화 반응을 하였다. 합성한 기능성 유지와 현미유의 이화학적, 영양학적 특성 을 비교하기 위해 지방산 조성, 기능성 물질 함량 및 동물 식이 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과 기능성 유지는 DG(46.19%), MG(11.15%)와 7G(41.71%) 그러고 미량의 자유 지방산으로 구성되어 있었으며, 지방산 조성은 현미유와 흡사하였다. 비검화 물질함량 또한 현미유와 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 주요물질로써 Phytosterol(2.04$\pm$0.17 mg/g), ${\gamma}$-oryzano1(1.06$\pm$0.04 mg/g), $\alpha$ -tocopherol(0.13$\pm$0.04 mg/g)이 검출되었다. 동물 식이실험 에서는 기능성 유지와 현미유 식이군이 ACAT activity를 저해하였으며, HCHF 식이군과 옥수수유 식이군 보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타낮다(p<0.05). 간과 지방 조직의 지방산 조성은 기능성 유지를 비롯한 모든 식이군에서 oleic acid의 함량이 가장 높았다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1993년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.198-200
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• 1993

This paper represents the experimental results of electrohrdrodynamic(EHD) micropump driven by traveling- wave voltage. We fabricated 60 electrodes array with $100{\mu}m$ width and $100{\mu}m$ interval on the pyrex glass. On that glass we fabricated the micro channel which had the cross section of 3mm by 0.5mm. This pump was driven by 6 phase square traveling-wave voltage. We used the corn oil for experiments and increased the temperature of fluid by resistive heater. An optical microscope with CCD camera and monitor was used for observation. The fluid velocity was large for the large driving voltage and the high temperature. This EHD pump had the fluid velocity in specific frequency (near 1Hz) which had relation to the charge relaxation time in that oil.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1992

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of dietary fat to carbohydrate ratio on plasma glucose. free fatty acid level and hepatic glucokinase activity in normal or insulin treated diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed with 3 different but isocaloric diets for 5 weeks. Diet 1 made to have low fat(4% corn oil and 65.8% corn starch wt/wt) : diet 2 medium fat (12% : 47.8%) : diet 3 high fat (20% : 29.8%) In the normal rats an apparent increase of GK activity was observed from the animal fed low fat diet when compared with other groups. GK activities were decreased in all the alloxan-diabetic rats than the normal rats. When insulin was injected the GK activities in all the livers of alloxan-diabetic rats restored to normal level and GK activity was highest in low fat group. In the entire group significant relationships were seen between the plasma glucose and GK activities(r=-0.6, p<0.001) FFA levels and GK activities(r=-0.63 p<0.001) Both in normal and insulin treated diabetic rats significantly depressed level of hepatic GK activity was observed in the livers of animals fed high fat diet for 5 weeks and depressed level of GK activity may be related to insulin resistance.