• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2012

A few high-mass X-ray binaries-consisting of an OB star plus compact companion-have been observed by Fermi and ground-based Cerenkov telescopes like High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) to be sources of very high energy (VHE; up to 30 TeV) ${\gamma}$-rays. This paper focuses on the prominent ${\gamma}$-ray source, LS 5039, which consists of a massive O6.5V star in a 3.9-day-period, mildly elliptical ($e{\approx}0.24$) orbit with its companion, assumed here to be an unmagnetized compact object (e.g., black hole). Using three dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of the Bondi-Hoyle accretion of the O-star wind onto the companion, we find that the orbital phase variation of the accretion follows very closely the simple Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton (BHL) rate for the local radius and wind speed. Moreover, a simple model, wherein intrinsic emission of ${\gamma}$-rays is assumed to track this accretion rate, reproduces quite well Fermi observations of the phase variation of ${\gamma}$-rays in the energy range 0.1-10 GeV. However for the VHE (0.1-30 TeV) radiation observed by the HESS Cerenkov telescope, it is important to account also for photon-photon interactions between the ${\gamma}$-rays and the stellar optical/UV radiation, which effectively attenuates much of the strong emission near periastron. When this is included, we find that this simple BHL accretion model also quite naturally fits the HESS light curve, thus making it a strong alternative to the pulsar-wind-shock models commonly invoked to explain such VHE ${\gamma}$-ray emission in massive-star binaries.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.989-995
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• 2018

Argonne National Laboratory of the United States and Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) of Ukraine have cooperated on the development, design, and construction of a neutron source facility. The facility was constructed at Kharkov, Ukraine, and its commissioning process is underway. The facility will be used for researches, producing medical isotopes, and training young nuclear specialists. The neutron source facility is designed with a provision to include a cryogenically cooled moderator system-a cold neutron source (CNS). This CNS provides low-energy neutrons, which will be used in the scattering experiment and material structures analysis. Cold neutron guides, coated with reflective material for the low-energy neutrons, will be used to transport the cold neutrons to the experimental site. The cold neutron guides would keep the cold neutrons within certain energy and angular space concentrated inside, while most of the gamma rays and high-energy neutrons are not affected by the cold neutron guides. For the KIPT design, the cold neutron guides need to extend several meters outside the main shield of the facility, and curved guides will also be used to remove the gamma and high-energy neutron. The neutron guides should be installed inside a shield structure to ensure an acceptable biological dose in the facility hall. Heavy concrete is the selected shielding material because of its acceptable performance and cost. Shield design analysis was carried out for the CNS guide hall. MCNPX was used as the major computation tool for the design analysis, with neutron and gamma dose calculated separately. Weight windows variance reduction technique was also used in the shield design. The goal of the shield design is to keep the total radiation dose below the $5.0{\mu}Sv/hr$ guideline outside the shield boundary. After a series of iterative MCNPX calculations, the shield configuration and parameters of CNS guide hall were determined and presented in this article.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.1236-1249
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• 2021

Although there are still controversial opinions and uncertainty on application of SiC_f/SiC composite cladding as next-generation cladding material for its great oxidation resistance in high temperature steam environment and other outstanding advantages, it cannot deny that SiC_f/SiC cladding is a potential accident tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding with high research priority and still in the engineering design stage for now. However, considering its disadvantages, such as low irradiated thermal conductivity, ductility that barely not exist, further evaluations of its in-pile behaviors are still necessary. Based on the self-developed code we recently updated, relevant thermohydraulic and mechanical models in FROBA-ATF were applied to simulate the cladding behaviors under normal and accident conditions in this paper. Even through steady-state performance analysis revealed that this kind of cladding material could greatly reduce the oxidation thickness, the thermal performance of UO₂-SiC was poor due to its low inpile thermal conductivity and creep rate. Besides, the risk of failure exists when reactor power decreased. With geometry optimization and dopant addition in pellets, the steady-state performance of UO₂-SiC was enhanced and the failure risk was reduced. The thermal and mechanical performance of the improved UO₂-SiC was further evaluated under Loss of coolant accident (LOCA) and Reactivity Initiated Accident (RIA) conditions. Transient results showed that the optimized ATF had better thermal performance, lower cladding hoop stress, and could provide more coping time under accident conditions.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.172-173
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• 2012

Currently GaN based LED is known to show high internal or external efficiency at low current range. However, this LED operation occurs at high current range and in this range, a significant performance degradation known as 'efficiency droop' occurs. Auger process, carrier leakage process, field effect due to lattice mismatch and thermal effects have been discussed as the causes of loss of efficiency, and these phenomena are major hindrance in LED performance. In order to investigate the main effects of efficiency loss and overcome such effects, it is essential to obtain relative proportion of measurements of internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and various radiative and nonradiative recombination processes. Also, it is very important to obtain radiative and non-radiative recombination times in LEDs. In this research, we measured the IQE of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) LEDs with PSS and Planar substrate using modified ABC equation, and investigated the physical mechanism behind by analyzing the emission energy, full-width half maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectra, and carrier recombination dynamic by time-resolved electroluminescence (TREL) measurement using pulse current generator. The LED layer structures were grown on a c-plane sapphire substrate and the active region consists of five 30 ${\AA}$ thick In0.15Ga0.85N QWs. The dimension of the fabricated LED chip was $800um{\times}300um$. Fig. 1. is shown external quantum efficiency (EQE) of both samples. Peak efficiency of LED with PSS is 92% and peak efficiency of LED with planar substrate is 82%. We also confirm that droop of PSS sample is slightly larger than planar substrate sample. Fig. 2 is shown that analysis of relation between IQE and decay time with increasing current using TREL method.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.14-15
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• 2010

Recently there has been growing interest in topological insulators or the quantum spin Hall (QSH) phase, which are insulating materials with bulk band gaps but have metallic edge states that are formed topologically and robust against any non-magnetic impurity [1]. In a three-dimensional material, the two-dimensional surface states correspond to the edge states (topological metal) and their intriguing nature in terms of electronic and spin structures have been experimentally observed in bulk Bi1-xSbx single crystals [2,3,4]. However, if we want to know the transport properties of these topological metals, high purity samples as well as very low temperature will be needed because of the contribution from bulk states or impurity effects. In a recent report, it was also shown that an intriguing coupling between the surface and bulk states will occur [5]. A simple solution to this bothersome problem is to prepare a topological metal on an ultrathin film, in which the surface-to-bulk ratio is drastically increased. Therefore in the present study, we have investigated if there is a method to make an ultrathin Bi1-xSbx film on a semiconductor substrate. From reflection high-energy electron diffraction observation, it was found that single crystal Bi1-xSbx films (0${\sim}30\;{\AA}A$ can be prepared on Si(111)-$7{\times}7$. The transport properties of such films were characterized by in situ monolithic micro four-point probes [6]. The temperature dependence of the resistivity for the x=0.1 samples was insulating when the film thickness was $240\;{\AA}A$. However, it became metallic as the thickness was reduced down to $30\;{\AA}A$, indicating surface-state dominant electrical conduction. Figure 1 shows the Fermi surface of $40\;{\AA}A$ thick Bi0.92Sb0.08 (a) and Bi0.84Sb0.16 (b) films mapped by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The basic features of the electronic structure of these surface states were shown to be the same as those found on bulk surfaces, meaning that topological metals can be prepared at the surface of an ultrathin film. The details will be given in the presentation.

• 천문학회지
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• 제36권spc1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2003

Solar flares present a number of radiative characteristics indicative of kinetic processes of high energy particles. Proper understanding of the kinetic processes, however, relies on how well we can separate the acceleration from transport characteristics. In this paper, we discuss microwave and hard X-ray bursts as a powerful tool in investigating the acceleration and transport of high energy electrons. After a brief review of the studies devoted to the kinetic process of solar flare particles, we cast them into a simple formulation which allows us to handle the injection, trap, and precipitation of flare electrons self-consistently. The formulation is then taken as a basis for interpreting and analyzing a set of impulsive and gradual bursts occurred on 2001 April 6 observed with the Owens Valley Solar Array, and HXT/WBS onboard Yohkoh satellite. We quantify the acceleration, trap, and precipitation processes during each burst in terms of relevant time scales, and also determine ambient density and magnetic field. Our result suggests that it should be the acceleration property, in particular, electron pitch angle distribution, rather than the trap condition, that is mainly responsible for the distinctive properties of the impulsive and gradual flares.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1710-1713
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• 2002

Recently, the pulsed power system has been used to many applications. Such as remediation of environmental hazards, food sterilization, air pollution control E/P (Electrostatic Precipitator), DeNOx/DeSOx power system, ozone generator, high energy physics, and other power source applications. A pulse energy efficiency for load depends on the rising time, peak value. Pulse duration and impedance matching etc. The pulsed power system generally required for short pulse duration and high peak value was forced to consider its volume and economy. In this paper, we investigated operating characteristics of the CO2 laser using an inductively pulsed power system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.127-136
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• 1978

온도종속 Thomas-Fermi 이론을 적용하여 금속의 일종인 Na에 대한 상태방정식, chemical potential, % ion 화도, 엔트로피, 원자당운동에너지 및 총에너지 등을 포함한 제열학적동을 산출하였다. $\rho$$_{0}$를 Na의 비등점에서의 정상밀도라 할 때 0.1$\rho$$_{0}$ ~ 10$\rho$$_{0}$ 까지의 밀도영역에서, 또한 Na이 기체 또는 액체상태로 존재할 것으로 기대되는 $textsc{k}$T=60.88Ryd.~0.0216Ryd 까지의 온도영역에 대하여 이들 양을 산출하였다. 본 연구에서는 고온 및 고압상태에서의 물리양 산출하는 것을 주목적으로 하고 있으나 Thomas-Fermi 근사가 기대되는 것처럼 그렇게 조잡하지 않음을 보이기 위하여 극저온 및 극저밀도에서의 물리양들도 산출하였다. 특히 고온에서의 상태방정식, 운동에너지, chemical potential 및 엔트로피를 ideal Fermi gas의 이들 양과 비교하였다. 그 결과, 산출한 chemical potential은 서로 잘 일치하나 엔트로피, 원자당운동에너지 및 상태방정식은 $textsc{k}$T=60.88Ryd.의 고온에서도 상당한 차이가 있음을 발견하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.184-187
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• 1999

Increase in fat mobilization by capsaicin(CAP) was investigated in high-fat-fed mice using an adjustable current water pool. Male ICR 7-wk-old mice were fed a high fat diet [50% total energy content in the diet(E%) fat, 20 E% protein, 30E% carbohydrate] for 2 wk and one group (HCAP) was orally administered CAP at 2 h before swimming. After being accustomed to swimming , the mice were subjected to forced swimming every 2d in the current water pol and the total swimming period until exhaustion was measured . The total swimming period was used as index of swimming capacity. Swimming time to exhaustion of treated mice was significantly longer than that of the high-fat-fed control group (100.2$\pm$10.6 vs. 58.0$\pm$8.5min, P<0.01) after 2wk of training. The concentration of serum-free fatty scids gradually increased up to 2 h in CAP -administered mice. The perirenal adipose tissue weight of CAP -administered mice (HCAP) before swimming was lower than that of the high-fat-fed mice adminstered placebo solution (HP) which had not ingested CAP during the 2 wk. These results suggest that the increase of swimming capacity of CAP-administered high-fat-fed mice was due to an increase of fat mobilization that was induced by CAP.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 유리선량계를 이용하여 전자선 치료빔의 선량평가 이용 가능성을 판단하고자 하였다. GD-302M 유리선량계에 선형가속기를 이용한 전자선과 $^{60}Co$ 방사선조사기로부터 감마선을 조사하였다. 유리선량계의 전자선에서의 선량 선형성, 재현성, 방향성, 선량률의존성, 에너지의존성의 총 5개 항목에 대해서 평가를 하였다. 측정은 물팬톰 $40{\times}40{\times}40cm^3$을 이용하여 유리선량계의 흡수선량을 측정하였다. 명목상 전자선에너지 6, 9, 12, 16, 20 MeV에서의 선량 1 Gy부터 15 Gy까지 유리선량계의 반응도를 평가해 본 결과 5개 전자선 에너지에서 같은 $R^2$=0.999의 선형계수를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 5개의 에너지에서 총 100개의 유리선량계를 판독한 결과, 재현성은 5개 전자선에너지 평균 ${\pm}1.2%$ (1SD) 이내에서 잘 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다. 유리선량계의 방향성은 유리선량계의 수직방향인 $90^{\circ}$를 기준으로 하였을때 $0^{\circ}$에서 $90^{\circ}$사이에서 빔방향에 따라 1.5% 이내의 차이를 나타내었다. 선량률의존성은 500 MU/min을 기준으로 200 MU/min에서 1,000 MU/min 사이에서 ${\pm}1.5%$의 차이를 나타내었다. 유리선량계의 에너지 의존성은 원통형 전리함으로 측정한 선량과 비교했을때 5개의 명목상 전자선에너지(6 MeV에서 20 MeV) 각각에 대해 $^{60}Co$ 감마선의 반응도로 일반화시킨 결과 1.1%에서 3.5% 사이에서 낮은값을 나타내었다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 측정환경에 따라 결과값을 적절히 환산인자로 활용한다면 유리선량계를 이용한 전자선치료빔 선량평가가 가능하리라 사료된다.