• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.557-571
• /
• 2022

Landslides are often triggered by weak interlayers initiated in tailings dam foundations, and hazards gradually occur. This is serious for landslides in high tailings dams due to their high potential energy. Tailing samples with a fine-grained interlayer at a set dip angle were prepared. Consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial shear tests were carried out by using a high-pressure triaxial apparatus. The results were compared with the results under a low confining pressure. Four reasons were summarized for high tailings dams more prone to instability than low dams. The shear strength of the samples with dipping interlayers decreases with increasing dip angle. An obvious straight drop in the stress path after the peak occurs in samples with dipping interlayers at an angle of 60°. The effect of the interlayer on the mechanical behaviour of tailings is very sensitive, especially for the sample with a dipping interlayer at an angle of 60°. Shear slipping along the interlayer should be given more attention in tailings dams. Compared with the results under low confining pressure, the stress decreases continuously for the samples with dipping interlayers at large angles under high confining pressure. The positive pore pressure, which reduces the effective stress, occurred in tailings samples under high confining pressure. The residual strength of tailings under high confining pressure is smaller than that under low confining pressure. These factors increase the dam break risk and the disaster impact for high tailings dams.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2023

Cementitious materials such as Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), fly ash, lime, and bitumen have been employed for soil improvement over the years. However, due to the environmental concerns associated with the use of OPC, substituting OPC with calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement offers good potential for ground improvement because it is more eco-friendly. Although earlier research has investigated the stabilizing effects of CSA cement-treated sand, no attempt has been made to examine soil behavior under high confining pressure. As a result, this study aimed to investigate the shear strength and mechanical behavior of CSA cement-treated sand using a consolidated drained (CD) triaxial test with high confining pressure. The microstructure of the examined sand samples was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. This study used sand with CSA cement contents of 3%, 5%, and 7% and confining pressures of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 MPa. It revealed that the confining pressures and CSA cement content significantly affected the stress-strain and volumetric change behavior of CSA cement-treated sand at high confining pressures.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.193-203
• /
• 2002

The results of an experimental study on Saemangeum dredged sands are presented. Undrained triaxial compression tests were performed with there different initial relative densities, namely 18, 34, and 50%, intend to evaluate undrained Behavior. All undrained triaxial compression tests were performed under static loading conditions. Undrained triaxial compression tests were exhibited complete static liquefaction, zero effective confining pressure and zero stress difference at lower confining pressures. As confining pressures were increased, the effective stress paths indicated increasing resistance to static liquefaction by showing increasing dilatant tendencies. The fines and larger particles create a particle structure with high compressibility at lower confining pressure. The effect of increasing relative density was to increase the resistance of the sand against static liquefaction by making the sand more dilatant.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.357-376
• /
• 2009

In the design of concrete columns, it is important to provide some nominal flexural ductility even for structures not subjected to earthquake attack. Currently, the nominal flexural ductility is provided by imposing empirical deemed-to-satisfy rules, which limit the minimum size and maximum spacing of the confining reinforcement. However, these existing empirical rules have the major shortcoming that the actual level of flexural ductility provided is not consistent, being generally lower at higher concrete strength or higher axial load level. Hence, for high-strength concrete columns subjected to high axial loads, these existing rules are unsafe. Herein, the combined effects of concrete strength, axial load level, confining pressure and longitudinal steel ratio on the flexural ductility are evaluated using nonlinear moment-curvature analysis. Based on the numerical results, a new design method that provides a consistent level of nominal flexural ductility by imposing an upper limit to the axial load level or a lower limit to the confining pressure is developed. Lastly, two formulas and one design chart for direct evaluation of the maximum axial load level and minimum confining pressure are produced.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2015

본 논문에서는 모래-실트 혼합토의 압력수준별 전단특성을 파악하기 위해 모래가 골격구조를이루는 세립분 함유율의 시료를 이용하여 저압 및 고압 삼축압축시험을 수행했다. 시험조건으로 세립분 함유율(0%, 9.8%, 14.7%, 19.6%), 공시체의 밀도(다짐에너지 $22kJ/m^3$, $504kJ/m^3$), 구속압(100kPa, 1MPa, 3MPa, 5MPa) 등을 변화시켜가며 각 조건에서 비소성 실트가 혼합토의 전단강도와 거동에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. 시험 결과, 모래의 골격구조에서 세립분 구조로 전환되는 전환 세립분 함유율은 구속압이 높을수록 감소하는 경향을 나타낸다. 구속압력이 높은 고압영역에서의 전단 특성은 구속압이 높을수록 조립자의 파쇄로 인하여 조밀한 모래에서도 느슨한 모래와 같은 경화, 수축거동을 나타내고 세립분 함유율이 증가함에 따라 전단강도 또한 증가하였다. 이러한, 비소성 실트가 혼합토의 전단특성에 미치는 영향은 실트도 모래와 같은 입상체이므로 소성점토 혼합토와는 상이한 거동을 나타냄을 알았다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the liquefaction behaviour of saturated silty sand under monotonic loading conditions. The undrained soil tests were conducted using a modified triaxial cell and specimens were prepared using the moisture tamping method. Undrained triaxial compression tests were performed at different confining pressures, void ratios and overconsolidation ratios and the samples were sheared to axial strains of about 20% to obtain monotonic loading conditions. It is shown that increasing confining pressures, void ratios and overconsoildation ratios increases the deviator stress, but it has no effect on increasing the dilatant tendencies. It is shown that complete static liquefaction was observed regardless of increases in the confining pressure, void ratio and overconsolidation ratio. Therefore, the confining pressure, void ratio and overconsoildation ratio does not provide significant effects on the liquefaction resistance of the silty sand. The presence of fines in the soil was shown to greatly increase the potential for static liquefaction and creates a particle structure with high compressibility for all cases.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.71-87
• /
• 2024

고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분 시, 처분공 주변의 근계암반은 높은 지중응력과 재포화된 벤토나이트 완충재의 팽윤압, 방사성 원소 붕괴열의 영향을 받아 국부적으로 투수계수가 변화될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 유력한 처분 대상 부지 암종 중의 하나인 결정질 경암으로서의 화강암을 대상으로, 실제 처분 환경에서 예상되는 다양한 구속압과 온도 조건을 적용하여 투수계수 변화 특성을 실험적인 방법을 통하여 고찰하고자 하였다. KURT 화강암 시험편 하나당 3개 이상의 정수압 조건에서 투수시험을 수행하여 구속압이 증가함에 따라 투수계수가 지수적으로 감소하는 관계를 도출하였다. 예상 최대 온도로 설정한 90℃ 이하 수준에서는 온도에 의한 투수계수 변화가 무시 가능할 정도로 작음을 확인하였다. 추가로 초기투수계수가 초기공극률의 거듭제곱에 비례하는 상관관계를 도출함으로써, 특정 공극률을 지닌 화강암이 일정 구속압 하에 있을 때 가지는 투수계수 값을 유추할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2024

본 연구에서는 지중 구속압과 말뚝-지반 경계면 전단 특성의 관계를 평가하기 위하여 기존의 실험결과와 강도감소계수가 적용된 해석 결과를 비교하였다. 유한요소해석에서 말뚝-지반 경계면의 전단거동 모사는 강도감소계수를 적용하였다. 해석 결과, 세립분 함유율이 증가할수록 구속압의 영향이 낮아지면서 최대 인발저항력은 감소하였다. 이 해석결과의 경향은 기존 실험 결과와 유사한 것으로서, 경계면 강도감소계수가 적용된 유한요소해석 모델은 적절하게 모사된 것으로 평가되었다. 경계면 강도감소계수의 변화를 분석한 결과, 구속압 50kPa의 경우에는 세립분 함유율이 증가할수록 경계면 강도감소계수의 증가가 확연하게 나타난 반면에, 구속압이 100kPa 및 150kPa의 경우에는 그 증가폭이 낮은 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 말뚝-지반 경계면의 전단 거동을 평가하기 위한 유한요소해석은 구속압과 세립분 함유율이 고려되어야 한다.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.224-236
• /
• 1992

It is very important to determine the thermo-mechanical characteristics of the rock mass surrounding the repository of radioctive waste and the LPG storage cavern. In this study, Hwasoon-Shist. Dado-Tuff adn Chunan-Tonalite were the selected rock types. Temperature dependence of the mechanical properteis such as uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, Young's modulus was investigated by measuring the behaviour of these properties due to the variation of temperature. Also, the characteristics of strength and deformation of these rocks were examined through high-temperature triaxial compression tests with varing temperatures and confining pressures. Important results obtained are as follows: In high temperature tests, the uniaxial compressive strength and Yong's modulus of Tonalite showed a sligth increase at a temperature up to 300$^{\circ}C$ and a sharp decrease beyond 300$^{\circ}C$, and the tensile strength showed a linear decrease with increasing heating-temperature. In high-temperature triaxial compression test, both the failure stress and Young's modulus of Tonalite increased with the increase of confining pressure at constant heating-temperature, and the failure stress decreased at 100$^{\circ}C$ but increased at 200$^{\circ}C$ under a constant confining pressure. In low temperature tests, the uniaxial compressive and tensile strengths and Young's modulus of these rocks increased as the cooling-temperature is reduced. Also, the uniaxial compressive and tensile strengths of wet rock specimens are less than those of dry rock specimens.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제52권7호
• /
• pp.1571-1578
• /
• 2020

As a critical material in very/high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, graphite material directly affects the safety of the reactor core structures. Owing to the complex structures of graphite material in reactors, the material typically undergoes complex stress states. It is, therefore, necessary to study its mechanical properties, failure modes, and strength criteria under complex stress states so as to provide guidance for the core structure design. In this study, compressive failure tests were performed for graphite material under the condition of different confining pressures, and the effects of confining pressure on the triaxial compressive strength and Young's modulus of graphite material were studied. More specifically, graphite material based on the fracture surfaces and fracture angles, the graphite specimens were found to exhibit four types of failure modes, i.e., tension failure, shear-tension failure, tension-shear failure and shear failure, with increasing confining pressure. In addition, the Mohr strength envelope of the graphite material was obtained, and different strength criteria were compared. It showed that the parabolic Mohr-Coulomb criterion is more suitable for the strength evaluation for the graphite material.