• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different hexoses (glucose, mannose, galactose and fructose) on in vitro development of parthenogenetic embryos in the pigs. When the parthnogenetic embryos were cultured in medium with concentrations of 5mM glucose or 1mM galactose, the rates of embyos developed to morula and blastocyst stages were significantly higher than those in another culture conditions (P<0.05). However, high concentration of galactose inhibited development to morula and blastocyst stages. Addition of hexoses at early stage of porcine parthenogenetic embryos were effective for in vitro development. Especially, the embryos cultured in medium with glucose at early stage were effective for development to 2-cell $(72\%)$ and blastocyst $(19\%)$ stages compared with embryo cultured without glucose. From the present results, it is suggested that development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos can improve in medium with 5mM glucose. The concentration of 1mM galactose was also effective for development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. It also show that parthenogenetic embryos cultured with glucose at early stage can improve in vitro development.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different hexoses in medium with IGF-I and/or EGF on in vitro development of porcine embryos. In first experiment, when the embryos were cultured in medium with concentrations of 5 ng/ml IGF-I and 10 ng/ml EGF, the morula and blastocyst rates were higher than in another culture conditions (P<0.05). In second experiment, the effect of IGF-I in medium with different hexoses during the embryo culture was examined. The higher cleavage rates were obtained in medium with glucose and IGF-I (P<0.05). However, the higher proportion of embryos developed to morula and blastocyst stages in medium with IGF-I were obtained than in medium without IGF-I in medium with glucose, mannose and galactose. In third experiment, the effect of EGF on in vitro development of porcine embryos in medium with different hexoses were examined. In the culture medium was supplemented with glucose, the higher proportions (P<0.05) of embryos developed to molura and blastocyst stages were obtained in medium with that than without EGF. However, the proportions of embryos developed to blastocyst stage were not significantly different between with and without of EGF in medium with different hexoses. In firth experiment, the effects of presence of IGF-I and EGF in medium with different hexoses on in vitro development of porcine embryos were examined. When culture medium was supplemented with IGF-I and EGF, the higher proportions of oocytes cleaved and developed to 8-cell stage were obtained in medium with glucose than mannose, galactose and fructose (P<0.05). These results show that glucose and growth factors, supported the development in vitro of porcine embryos, especially with greater embryo cleavage and development in medium with glucose added to media with IGF-I and/or EGF.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.487-492
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• 2005

The baculovirus/insect cell expression system is of great value in the study of structure-function relationships in mammalian glucose-transport proteins by site-directed mutagenesis and for the large-scale production of these proteins for mechanistic and biochemical studies. Spodoptera frugiperda Clone 21 (Sf2l) cells grow well on TC-100 medium that contains $0.1\%$ D-glucose as the major carbon source, strongly suggesting the presence of endogenous glucose transporters. However, very little is known about the properties of the endogenous sugar transporter(s) in Sf2l cells, although a saturable transport system for hexose uptake has been previously revealed in the Sf cells. In order to further examine the substrate and inhibitor recognition properties of the Sf2l cell transporter, the ability of hexoses to inhibit 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2dGlc) transport was investigated by measuring inhibition constants $(K_i)$. The $K_i's$ for reversible inhibitors were determined from plots of uptake versus inhibitor concentration. Transport was effectively inhibited by D-mannose and D-glucose. Of the hexoses tested, L-glucose had the least effect on 2dGlc transport in the Sf2l cells, indicating that the transport is stereoselective. Unlike the human HepG2 type glucose transport system, D-mannose had a somewhat greater affinity for the Sf2l cell transporter than D-glucose, implying that the hydroxyl group at the C-2 position is not necessary for strong binding. However, epimerization at the C-4 position of D-glucose (D-galactose) resulted in a dramatic decrease in affinity of the hexose for the Sf2l cell transporter. Such a lowering of affinity might be the result of the involvement of the C-4 hydroxyl in hydrogen bonding. It is therefore suggested that Sf2l cells were found to contain an endogenous sugar transport activity that in several aspects resembles the human HepG2 type glucose transporter, although the insect and human transporters do differ in their affinity for cytochalasin B.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.27-28
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2001

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.395-399
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• 1994

P. stipitis CBS5776 was cultivated to examine the characteristics of ethanol fermentation for hexoses (mannose, g1ucose, and galactose) and pentoses(xylose and arabinose). Glucose was the best carbon source among the sugars used in terms of ethanol yield. Glucose was used to produce ethanol with an yield coefficient 0.376g ethanol/g glucose, whereas mannose was converted to produce ethanol with an yield coefficient 0.326g ethanol/g mannose. P. stipitis CBS5776 was also grown in a mixture of sugars to study the pattern of carbon utilization. The yeast utilized glucose and mannose firsts and then galastose and xylose as carbon sources. Arabinose was partially used for biomass when it was present as a sole carbon source, but it was not metabolized at all in a mixture of carbon sources. P. stipitis produced $12.2g/\ell$ ethanol with a yield coefficient 0.332 g ethano1/g sugar in a mixture of sugars.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 1989

Deer horn has been used in oriental medicine and folk remedy. It has had much effects on 'health and tonic efficacy' But this word, 'health and tonic efficacy', is very obscure in modern sense This report attempts to investigate their scientific and objective effects among many papers. The biochemical components of antler are composed of pentoses, hexoses, acid mucopolysaccharides, free and ester fatty acids, glycolipids, phospholipids, prostaglandins, sterols, protein and peptides, free amino acids, minerals, hormones etc. Deer horn extract especially increases body weight gain and feed efficiency, and it stimulates the ability of spermatogenesis of animal. However, a few papers have reported concerning the toxicity and side effects of antler.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2001

Monosaccaride hexose, may have different role in embryo development of different species. Glucose, fructose and galactose are glycolysible substrates but their effect on embryo development is not identical. Glucose has negative effect to early embryonic stage in several species whereas it is inevitable after compaction. For fructose, it can support blastocyst formation in hamster, mouse and bovine embryo. Effect of galactose is known as detrimental even at a low concentration while glucose has adverse effect only at high concentration in hamster. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of monosaccharides extracted by saturated portland cement solution on the cement setting in comparision with the inhibitory index (I) of each lignocellulosic-cement system. The wood species which have been widely reforested in Korea, Populus alba-grandulosa, Larix leptolepis, Abies holophylla, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Pinus densiflora and agricultural wastes of rice husk and rice stalk were used at this study. The wood meal, 0.50g on dry weight basis, through 0.83 mm(20 mesh) and retained on 0.35mm (40 mesh) screen was extracted by 25 ml saturated portland cement solution and the pH of saturated portland cement solution Was 12.7. To eliminate cation exsisting in the extracted solution, the cation exchange column was used (Fig. 4). Afterwards the extracted monosaccharides were reduced into alditols with sodium borohydride and analyzed by the gas-liquid chromatography for xylan, mannan, arabinan, galactan, gluean. The heat of cement hydration for lignocellulosic-cement system was measured in Dewar flask (Fig. 2). And then the inhibitory indices were calculated from maximum hydration temperature, time and maximum slops of hydration curve of ligno cellulosic-cement systems. The results obtained were as follows; (1) The inhibitory index of pines-Pinus rigida (I=29.33) and Pinus densiflora (I=35.76), were lower than that of poplar-Populus alba-glandulosa (I=41.48), and the index of Larix ieptoiepis (I=73.00) was the highest among eight lignocellulosic-cement systems, and accordingly both Pinus rigida and Pinus des(flora were seemed to be good wood species for wood-cement composite manufacture. (2) In case of Pinus rigida, the inhibitory index was 29.33 and the ratio of the hexoses to the pemoses was 6.04 and in case of Larix leptolepis, the index and the ratio were 73.00 and 35.19, respectively. Therefore the inhibitory index increased with increasing the ratios of the hexoses to the pentoses. (3) The richer amount of xylose and mannose in species caused decreasing the slops of the hydration curve of the lignocellulosic-cement system, prohahly due to the chemical adsorption of the acetyl groups in the hemicellulose on the surface of cement grains. (4) The amoun of xylose and mannose were significant to the inhibitory index of each lignocellulosic-cement system but any specific relation between the amount of glucose and inhibitory index was not found.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 1989

Monosaccharide content of four forest soils were analyzed. Two soils under coniferous forest trees and another two under duciduous forest trees of Mts. Zeombong and Odae in Kangweon-Do were sampled from the surface horizon down into the subhorizons. 1. The largest amount of monosaccharide is found in the surface organic horizon of each soil and with increasing depth the amount decreases as might be expected considering total organic matter content. 2. Hexoses (galactose, glucose, mannose) predominate over pentoses (arabinose, ribose, xylose) and deoxyhexoses (fucose, rhamnose), the latter being in the smallest amount. Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide in all samples regardless of vegetation of soil or depth. In general the content of each monosaccharide follows the order of glucose > manrtose > galactose > arabinose > xylose > rhamnose > fucose > ribose. 3. Very little amount of ribose is present even in organic horizons of coniferous forest soils. In samples taken from deciduous forest soils ribose is virtually absent. 4. The relative proportion of monosacchaiide to the total soil organic matter decreases with increasing depth, which may be resulted from the effect of prolonged humification. The total monosaccharide in the organic surface layer amounts to 27-50% of the total organic carbon or 15.7-29% of the total organic matter. Hexoses alone take the largest share of 20-38% of the carbon, or 12-22% of the organic matter.