• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2007

Purpose : This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the anti-proliferation, in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fraction from extract of Gyulyupsanbyonbang(GYSB) using MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Methods : GYSB was added to distilled water(1500ml) and was boiled then filtered. The residue was suspended in distilled water and extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. MCF-7 cells were cultured in RPMI1640 complex badge, NIH3T3 was cultered in 37$^{\circ}$C, 5% moisture incubator of carbon dioxide with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium(DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. Cell cytotoxicity test about cancer cell was measured used MTT assay. Results: When it synthesizes a result, hexane and butanol fraction had shown anti-proliferation effect and safety together, and those anti-proliferation effect operating selectively appeared. Ethyl acetate fraction had anti-proliferation effect however, it was not selective. The Chloroform and water soluble fraction did not almost appear anti-proliferation effect. Conclusion : I can conclude that GYSB have anti-proliferation effect and safety together on MCF-7 cells. It suggest that GYSB may be useful for brest cancer patients.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.919-924
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities and antioxidant activities of the Korean mistletoe extract and its solvent fractions (e.g. n-hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butanol). Ethyl ether fraction against Bacillus cereus showed stronger activities than benzoic acid (2.5 mg/mL). The MIC of korean mistletoe extract and slovent fractions were in the range of 6.25-25 mg/mL. The MIC (6.25 mg/mL) of ethyl acetate fraction onto Staphylocossus aureus was the lowest among them. Ethyl ether fraction which showed the strongest antioxidant activities by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) methods had the highest total phenolic contents. It is suggested that Korean mistletoe could be utilized as natural preservative material through the study of the active compounds from ethyl ether fraction.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 2021

Eisenia bicyclis is known to have secondary metabolites exhibiting various biological activities. In a preliminary study, the n-hexane fraction obtained from the ethanolic extract of E. bicyclis showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than the ethyl acetate and butyl alcohol fractions based on the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Using this fraction (E. bicyclis hexane fraction, EHF), we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with up to 50 ㎍/mL EHF significantly inhibited NO and prostaglandin E₂ production as well as their responsible enzyme proteins and mRNAs, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Similarly, EHF markedly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α as well as their mRNA levels. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was strongly suppressed by EHF treatment. EHF significantly reduced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt in LPS-stimulated cells. Moreover, EHF reduced ear edema in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced mice. These results indicate that EHF contains potent anti-inflammatory compounds, which may be used as a dietary supplement for the prevention of inflammatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.308-314
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity against pathogens of acne and the anti-inflammatory effect of 75% ethanol extract and its fractions from the leaves of Prunus sargentii. In the antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion assay, the extract showed the highest effect against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 5 mg/disc. However, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity in 1 mg/disc. On the other hand, the hexane and chloroform fraction showed strong nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cell. In the cell viability of Raw 264.7 by MTT assay, the extract and all fractions were exhibited normal viabilities as nontoxic result. Consequently, the extract from the leaves of P. sargentii and its ethyl acetate fraction could be applicable to functional materials for antibacterial activity related fields. Moreover, the hexane and chloroform fraction could be applicable to candidate materials as anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.374-379
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• 2000

This study was attempted to evaluate an agonistic activity to benzodiazepine receptor of several medicinal pants, which have been used as sedatives in oriental medicine. The activities of the methanol extracts of composite preparation of oriental drugs were compared with those of the simple drugs, furthermore, the active fraction was found out from the simple preparation. Inhibitory effects of composite preparations, Cyperus rotundus/Acorus gramineus, Thuja orientalis/Euphoria longan, Thuja orientalis/Albizzia julibrissin, on the binding of ${[^3H]}$Ro15-1788, a selective benszodiazepine receptor antagonist to benzodiazepine receptor of rat cortices, were observed to be lower than those of corresponding simple preparations. These unexpected results suggest that some components of the composite druge may rather act as an obstacle, not to show the sinergistic effect. The methanol extracts of Cyperus rotundus having the highest activity were fractionated using polar and nonpolar solvents to give ethylacetate and hexane fractions, respectively. The ethylacetate fraction containing relatively polar components exhibited much higher activity than the hexane fraction, which consiste of nonpolar agonist, binding to benzodiazepine receptor. However, in the presence of GABA, this fraction inhibited ${[^3H]}$flunitrazepan binding, and these positive GABA shift supported the strong possibility of agonistic activity to benzodiazepine receptro. As a result, it may be concluded that the substance or substances with neurochemical properties as a benzodiazepine receptor agonist may contribute to the sedative property of Cyperus rotundus.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.169-176
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate inhibitory effect of Gagamtongsung-San(GTS) on the cancer. Methods : This study estimated the cytotoxicity of GTS about L1210 and NIH3T3. We used GTS extract distilled with water, n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate and Butanol. The cytotoxicitys of GTS about cancer cells and normal cells were tested using a colorimetric tetrazoliun assay(MTT assay). Results : The results of this study were obtained as follow ; l. Cytotoxicity of water extract of GTS in L1210 cell lines was significantly increased, compared with NIH3T3. 2. n-Hexane fraction of GTS had similar cytotoxicity between L1210 and NIH3T3, and that have similar $IC_{50}$ of water extract of GTS at 276 ${\mu}g/ml$ 3. Ethyl acetate fraction of GTS had low degree cytotoxicity both L1210 and NIH3T3 cell lines. 4. Butanol fraction of GTS had cytotoxicity between L1210 and NIH3T3. Significantly, Cytotoxicity of GTS in L1210 cell lines was significant increased. 5. $H_2O$ fraction of GTS had no cytotoxicity both L1210 and NIH3T3.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 2012

This study was carried out to develop ferns as the natural antioxidant materials by graduating and extracting fronds of $Dryopteris$ $crassirhizoma$, $Dryopteris$ $nipponensis$, and $Polystichum$ $lepidocaulon$, which belong to Dryopteridaceae, using solvent, and analyzing the antioxidant effect of each fraction. The n-butanol fraction of $D.$ $crassirhizoma$ (550.0 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$), the ethyl acetate fraction of $D.$ $nipponensis$ (374.8 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$), and the n-butanol fraction of $P.$ $lepidocaulon$ (781.8 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$) showed relatively higher total contents of polyphenol. The chloroform fraction of $D.$ $crassirhizoma$ (72.9 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$), and the n-hexane fraction of $D.$ $nipponensis$ (72.9 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and $P.$ $lepidocaulon$ (154.5 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$) contained relatively higher total contents of flavonoids. DPPH radical scavenging activity was most excellent in the n-butanol fraction of $D.$ $crassirhizoma$ ($RC_{50}=0.02mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and $P.$ $lepidocaulon$ ($RC_{50}=0.04mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and the water fractions of $D.$ $nipponensis$ ($RC_{50}=0.01mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). ABTS radical scavenging activity was potent in the n-hexane and n-butanol fractions of $D.$ $crassirhizoma$ (each $RC_{50}=0.02mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), the ethyl acetate fraction of $D.$ $nipponensis$ ($RC_{50}=0.03mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and the n-butanol fraction of $P.$ $lepidocaulon$ ($RC_{50}=0.06mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). There was the large amount of total polyphenol content in the n-butanol fraction of $D.$ $crassirhizoma$ and $P.$ $lepidocaulon$, and their radical scavenging activities were potent. Therefore, it was thought that biologically active substances of each fraction layer are required to be analyzed and used.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.238-247
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• 2015

Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. Et Zucc) leaves were collected, air-dried and extracted with 70% aqueous acetone, then concentrated and sequentially fractionated using n-hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, and $H_2O$ to be freeze dried for antioxidant and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity tests. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay. The test concentrations were adjusted to 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.62, 7.81, 3.9, 1.95 and 0.97 ppm. The $H_2O$ and EtOAc fractions showed higher activities compared with the control, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, at all concentrations. The crude fraction also gave better activity at the concentrations lower than 62.5 ppm. However, the nonpolar n-hexane and $CH_2Cl_2$ fractions gave prominently lower activities compared with the control at all concentrations. The $IC_{50}$ values of the crude, EtOAc, and $H_2O$ fractions exhibited 11.78, 4.29 and $9.80{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively, compared with $12.08{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of the control. But the n-hexane and $CH_2Cl_2$ fractions indicated 300 and $91.85{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of $IC_{50}$, respectively. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibition activity was evaluated at the concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5, 6.3, 3.1, 1.6 and 0.8 ppm. The inhibition activities were increased according to as the increase of sample concentrations. However, the nonpolar n-hexane and $CH_2Cl_2$ fractions indicated very low inhibition activities compared with acarbose, a positive control. The EtOAc fraction showed very good capability as almost 100% compared with the control at the higher concentrations than 12.5 ppm and the crude fraction also indicated good potential as 95% and 100% at 25 and 50 ppm, respectively. The $H_2O$ fraction gave good inhibition value as 90% at 50 ppm although the value was lower than the control. These results showed that the polar fractions had better ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activities. The $IC_{50}$ values of the nonpolar fractions, n-hexane and $CH_2Cl_2$, showed very lower values as 468 and $103.6{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively, than the control. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase Inhibition Activity of the Extracts of Katsura Tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. Et Zucc) Leaves However, the polar fractions, crude, EtOAc and $H_2O$, showed 7.1, 3.7 and $13{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively, indicating that these fractions can be used as natural bioresources for treating diabetes mellitus. Also ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity had a positive correlation with antioxidant activity of the extracts.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.464-469
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• 1996

Pleurotus ostreatus was extracted with hexane, ethanol and water to test the antioxidative activity on soybean oil. The extraction yield was the highest in the water fraction. The total sugar was higher in ethanol and water fractions, While the total phenolic substances were relatively higher in the hexane fraction. The antioxidative effects of the extracts on the oxidation of soybean oil during storage at 60 and $100^{\circ}C$ were studies. The antioxidative effects of ethanol extracts of both fruit body and mycelia of pleurotus ostreatus were higher than those of water and hexane extracts. The antioxidative effects of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts (3,000ppm) were higher than the artificial antioxidant (200ppm), BHA and BHT, during storage at 60 and $100^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.383-389
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• 2010

The vapor concentration of hexane in a liquid spray jet in crossflow was qualitatively measured on the basis of the infrared (IR) extinction techniques. The objectives of the present study are to understand the whole evaporation process from droplet breakup to vapor and to confirm the usefulness of IR emission method in a lab-scale ramjet combustor. From the experimental results, we concluded that hexane vapor mole fraction increased with temperature rise and kept nearly constant during the variation of fuel to air momentum ratio.