• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.474-485
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• 2013

Pharmacological studies and clinical practices have indicated that Radix Astragali, a dried root of Astragalus membranaceus possesses a lot of biological activities, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, tonic, diuretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunological activities. These biological activities approved by the modern pharmacological studies are mainly due to the constituents of Astragalus membranaceus including polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, amino acids, and trace elements. In resent, the main constituents in the root part showing a lot of biological activities has been isolated also from the aboveground parts such as leaves and sprouts in our laboratory. However, the safety evaluation for the aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus should be checked before expanding their application as one of food. In the study, a 90-day rat oral gavage study has been conducted with the extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-above-ground parts at doses of 1000, 3000, and 5000mg/kg/day. The following endpoints were evaluated: clinical observations, body weight, gross and microscopic pathology, clinical chemistry, and hematology. Based on the analysis of these endpoints, it was estimated that NOEL (no observed effect level) for male rats and NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for female rats are 5000mg/kg/day of the water-extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.258-264
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• 2013

Herbal medicine has been traditionally used in Asian countries for a long time. Many pharmacological effects are identified in the herbs and these herbs are believed to be safe for human. However, the safety or adverse effect of some traditional herbal medicines has not been established. We have chosen Cyperi rhizoma based on the Korea Herbal Pharmacopoeia and which have been widely used for an anti-inflammatory effect in Korea. The object of the study was to evaluate safety of Cyperi rhizoma in rats. The aqueous extract of Cyperi rhizoma was prepared according to the standard hot water extraction method of the Korea Pharmacopoeia. In the sub-chronic study, the aqueous extract of Cyperi rhizoma was orally administered once daily as 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day to male and female F344 rats for 13 weeks. There were no treatment related abnormalities in mortality, clinical signs, food consumption, ophthalmologic examination, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, gross observation, organ weight and histopathologic examination. In conclusion, The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for Cyperi rhizoma aqueous extract was determined as more than 2000 mg/kg/day in the present experimental condition.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was to assessment the toxicity of Sipjeondaebo-tang(Shiquan dabu-decoction) by micronucleus test. Methods : Sipjeondaebo-tang(Shiquan dabu-decoction) water-extract in vivo micronucleus test was performed using 7 weeks ICR mice. At 24 hours after with Sipjeondaebo-tang extract at the doses of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day by peritoneal route mice were sacrificed and bone marrow cells were prepared for smear slides. Results : As a result of counting the micronucleus polychromate erythrocyte of 2000 polychromate erythrocyte, all treatment groups did not show statistically significant increase than negative control group. and there was no clinical sign and body weight connected with injection of Sipjeondaebo-tang(Shiquan dabu-decoction) extract. Conclusions: It was concluded that Sipjeondaebo-tang extract did not induce micronucleus in the bone marrow cells of ICR mice

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.271-296
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• 2010

Objective: Poisonous Medicinal herbs can be considered as a risk factor to public health unless they are prescribed by Doctor of traditional Korean medicine. The proper method to manage them should be prepared to prevent risk factors caused by misuse and abuse of the poisonous medicinal herbs and enhance public health. Methods: In this dissertation (paper), the definition, scope, management status, data about pharmacology and toxicity and media release regarding adverse reaction were understood after organizing documents, laws and regulations concerning poisonous medicinal herbs. Also, management methods are suggested by analyzing related examples and regulations in China, Japan and Hong Kong, where the use of herbal medicine is general. Results: Methods for items for poisonous medicinal herbs, safety information management, management based on standardization of traditional processing methodology and reorganization and revision of related laws and regulations are established. Conclusion: Proper laws and regulations are not yet established to manage poisonous medicinal herbs in Korea. In this regard, it is urgent to establish laws and regulations which can apply independently. The purpose of the laws and regulations should be to enhance management of poisonous medicinal herbs and prevent incidence of addiction and death, improving the public health.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.20-28
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• 2019

Objectives : Hwangryunhaedok-tang. a traditional Korean herbal medicine, has been widely used for the treatment. This study is purposed to analyze the research trend of Hwangryunhaedok-tang in Korea for developing further research plan. Methods : A search of Korean research database( OASIS, RISS, Korean traditional knowledge portal, NDSL) was conducted to find studies for Hwangryunhaedok-tang. We analyzed studies by publish date, speciality, study method, and field of study. Result : 1. 2.65 papers were published annually on average. 2. After analyzing for the speciality of the journal, most of the papers were published in Traditional Korean Medicine. 3. After analyzing for the study method, in vivo was 33.96%, in vitro was 32.08% and quantitative inspection was 13.21% 4. After analyzing for the subject of the studies, beneficial effect was 81.13%, quantitative and qualitative analysis was 13.21%, toxicity was 3.77% 5. Papers on beneficial effect were classified by the type of diseases. Hwangryunhaedok-tang was most used in skin disease. Conclusions : Hwangryunhaedok-tang is effective in various category of diseases. This study will be useful to future researchers and clinicians to conduct a study on Hwangryunhaedok-tang.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.187-203
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the antimetastatic and immunomodulating effects of Patriniae Radix. Methods : Acute and subacute cytotoxicity experiment of Patriniae Radix was performed. Antimetastatic experiment was administered in vitro and in vivo. To observe the immunomodulating effects of Patriniae Radix, FACS analysis and ELISA assay were performed. Results : There was no acute and subacute toxicity responses in mouse treated with Patriniae Radix. Antimetastatic experiment in vitro and in vivo showed that Patriniae Radix has antimetastatic effects. This research revealed that Patriniae Radix mediate cellular immunity response. As compared with control, the population of total T cell, helper T cell, cytotoxic T cell and macrophage were increased. The production of Th 1 type cytokines from splenocyte and cytokines which is associated with anti-tumor activity form macrophage were increased significantly. Conclusion Patriniae Radix Herbal-acupuncture appears to have considerable activity on the treatment of liver metastasis from colon26-L5 carcinoma cell line, and deserves further evaluation in this setting.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.41-55
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• 2007

Purpose: This study is to examine anti-obesity effect and cytotoxicity of the long-term oral administration of Sinomenium acutum (Bang-gi, SA) Methods: Using diet-induced obesity C57BL/6 mouse model, anti-obesity effect and DNA chip expression and cytotoxicity of the long-term oral administration of this herbal extract were investigated. Results: The herbal extract treated groups were arrested in weight increment only when they were lodged together. Such effects were abolished when they kept individually. SA fed mice behaved very rudely and violently. On the basis of histological studies of liver tissues and also in vitro cytotoxicity tests of the liver and kidney cell lines, no significant toxicity was found by 14 weeks of SA treatments. However, we found significant changes in gene expression profile in SA treated group by micro-array analysis. In case of SA group, up-regulated genes were 1,213 and down-regulated ones were 2,558. Some of lipid metabolism related genes also significantly changed in both treatment groups. Conclusion: SA had effects of increasing the basal metabolic rate by stimulating the sympathetic nervous systems.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.465-480
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• 2009

Objective : Lonicerae Flos has detoxifying properties and been used as antipyretic, antibacterial and antitumor. Fermentation of herbal medicine is known to increase the absorption, enhance effectiveness, decrease herbal toxicity and reduce side-effects. This study was performed to measure the effects of fermented Lonicerae Flos on influenza A/WSN (H1N1) virus replication. Material and Methods : Lonicerae Flos was fermented by Lactobacillus casei PM1. Fermented Lonicerae Flos was treated for 12 hours to MDCK (Mardin Darby canine kidney) cells, then cell-virulence was observed by MTT assay for 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours after treatment. Following cases were conducted for 0, 10, 100, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ concentrations of fermented Lonicerae Flos under the same time-frame; the fermented Lonicerae Flos was treated to MDCK cells before and after contamination by A-type influenza virus. The fermented Lonicerae Flos and the virus were mixed directly. The influence was observed by MTT assay and plaque assay. Results : These findings suggest that the fermented Lonicerae Flos inhibited the virulence of influenza A virus in MDCK cells and suppressed the plaque forming colonies induced by influenza A virus. Furthermore, pretreatment with fermented Lonicerae Flos was more effective than post-treatment. The titer of influenza virus was reduced for all before and after influenza A virus inoculation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2009

Aim : To evaluate the pharmaceutical safety of the herbal formula Myelophil, composed of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, via systemic subacute toxicological study using SD rats. Methods : Forty male and 40 female SD rats were fed with Myelophil (5000, 2500 or 1250 mg/10 mL/kg) or distilled water for four weeks. Adverse effects were examined intensively by comparing the differences between normal and drug-administered groups using clinical signs, necropsies, histopathologic findings, hematology, urinalysis, and blood biochemical analysis. Results : No altered clinical symptoms including body weight, diarrhea, anorexia, death, and abnormal necropsy of major organs were observed in male or female rats. No drug-induced abnormalities in histopathological finding, hematological values, urinalysis, and blood biochemical values were found at any doses of Myelophil. Conclusion : Myelophil should be very safe when used in a clinical application with a wide therapeutic index.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2002

Toad venom, 'Chan su' in Chinese and 'somso' in Korean, is a well-known traditional oriental medicine obtained from the skin venom gland of the toad. Formulations of toad venom have been widely applied in China, Japan, Korea and other oriental countries for a long time. It is often found in traditional Chinese formulations, such as Jiuxin (or Kyushin in Japan), Yixin, Huoxin, Shexiang baoxin wan, Lu shen wan and Laryngitis pills. According to a pharmaceutical chemistry study, toad venom contains multiple biological active substances, such as bufalin, resibufogenin and cinobufagin. Modern pharmacological studies indicated that toad venom has multiple pharmacological actions, including acting as a cardiotonic, antitumor local anesthetic effects, stimulates the respiratory center, vasopressor action, anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects. Like other medications, toad venom also has certain toxicity and adverse effects, for example, inducing delayed afterdepolarization and triggered arrhythmia. The major chemical constituents, basic pharmacological actions and adverse reactions of toad venom are discussed in this article.