• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

A variety of revegetation methods are being utilized and developed. However, most of revegetation methods used on highway slopes in Korea are based on foreign-introduced plant varieties to stabilize road surfaces and to administer afforestation for surface covering at an earlier phase. Therefore. it results in various problems. such as failure to achieve harmony with the surrounding vegetation and 10 cause re-denudation of slopes as the foreign-in introduced plant varieties wane out from 2~3 years after hydro-seeding, etc. In addition, some of the revegetation plants seeded in the earlier phase grow excessively high, thus causes successional problems, such as to inhibit the invasion of the secondary vegetation from the surrounding areas, etc. Therefore, in this study, 160 slopes located in the nationwide express highways have been investigated and analyzed in order to produce basic data for restoration of ecological environment in slopes created on a long-term basis by investigating and analyzing locational characteristics of cut and filled slopes in express highways, status of revegetation methods, characteristics of soil and plant-ecological environment. 1. Investigation on cut and embanked slopes in express highways was carried out in the total of 160 locations, which include 108 cut slopes and 52 embanked slopes. As a whole, the most frequently used revegetation method was seed spray, which was found to be used in the total of 55 target slops investigated. 2. Planting method of Wistaria floribunda applied to some of the blasted rock zones was found to cause damages as Wistaria floribunda trailed up the surrounding vegetation and the secondary invaded trees. In order to prevent this, this method must be used only in the lowest parts of large-sized slopes. Also, it will be required to administer continuous management and maintenance in the areas already planted with this plants. 3. The areas of blasted rock and ripping rock slopes were applied with coir net (net + seeding) method. However, many of these areas failed in achieving ground covering. Most areas where revegetation was in progress, they were covered with Eragrostis curvula(Weeping lovegrass) only. In areas with soil, such as decomposition of granite, where afforestation is difficult. In this slopes, soil base must be improved by hrdroseeding with thin-layer vegetation base application methods in order to achieve success in afforestation with native plants. 4. Woody species, rather than herb species, are more helpful in stabilization of slope surfaces. Therefore, it is important to be able to grow and protect woody species on highway slopes. Growth of woody vegetation is most largely influenced by soil depth. Thus, when hydro-seeding woody plants, it is recommended to apply at the upper layer of the slopes, which is capable to sufficiently provide the fundamentals required in plant growth.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.1181-1187
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• 2003

Hibiscus hamabo, called "Hwang-geun", growing about 3m in height is a deciduous shrub or subtree of Malvaceae. Because the number of these species is very limited in the world, the Ministry of Environment has designated H. hamabo as a preserved plant. The Korea Forest Service also protects it strictly by law since H. hamabo is an out-of-the-way plant and possibly may be exterminated soon in Korea. Investigation for distribution and ecological characteristics of the habitat for H. hamabo was carried out on Soan Island. Two wild H. hamabo were found at the forest edge (equation omitted) along the sea coast located in the southern part of Soan Island and this was the first report in the Korean academic world. These two wild H. hamabos were growing in a naturally inhibited area. The diameters at the base were 12cm and 15cm. The Tree heights were 150cm and 210cm and the number of branches of each wild H. hamabo was 4 and 7. However, the present condition of these plants was not good. Environmental conditions of the naturally inhibited area of H. hamabo were very mild because it is located at the edge of the forest and is always sunny during the daytime since the slope of the inhibited area is facing South. The ground drained very well since the soil was made of gravels and sand. Because the percent of vegetation of the subtree layer where H. hamabo was growing was 40%, the cover degree and sociability of flex crenata trees and Eurya japonica were found to be high. In the naturally inhibited area of H. hamabo, a dominant value of Rubus parvifolius in the lower part of the herb layer was very high and many plants in Compositae, such as Artemisia princeps var. orientalis and Erigeron annuus, were also present. A dominant value of liana, such as Vitis thunbergii var. sinuata, Rosa multiflora, Clematis terniflora and Hedera rhombea, and Gramineae plants that rhizomes were well developed and aggressively propagated, such as Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Phragmites communis, Spodiopogon cotulifer and Oplismenus undulatifolius which were surveyed as high, too. These results imply that H. hamabo might be exterminated soon through a natural selection if the proper management of the naturally inhibited area of H. hamabo is not conducted continually.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2020

In order to evaluate the vertical distribution and distributional pattern of vascular plants in the Samga district of Sobaeksan National Park, vascular plants were surveyed along a hiking trail from the Samga Tour Support Center to the top of a mountain. The elevation range was divided into 11 sections with 100 m intervals from 400 m to 1439 m above sea level.A total of 375 taxa were listed, comprising 92 families, 235 genera, 332 species, 3 subspecies, 37 varieties, and 3 forms. The pattern of species richness along the elevational gradient showed a reverse hump-shaped trend. The species distribution pattern was positively correlated with the soil exchangeable cations Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, soil pH, available phosphate, and the warmth index. Furthermore, slope, soil moisture content, and soil exchangeable cations were significantly correlated with species distribution. DCA grouped herb species into two groups. Stands of each section were sequentially arranged from 400 m to 1500 m along an altitudinal gradient. Soil moisture content, soil pH, soil K²⁺ and Na²⁺, available phosphate, and slope were significantly correlated with stand distribution. This study provides important data that could be useful for conservation and the sustainable use of biodiversity in the study area. In order to understand the ecological and environmental characteristics and distribution of plant species, it will be necessary to continuously develop relative studies with continuous monitoring.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.278-286
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• 2019

Sesbania, an annual herb, is known for its high forage value and salt tolerance. It has merits as a forage crop that is adaptable to reclaimed land in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, we collected Sesbania genetic resources from the Republic of Korea and other countries, and conducted experiments to evaluate their potential as a forage crop in Korean climate and soil conditions. In the preliminary experiments, 15 genetic resources which were able to set seeds in Korean environment were selected out of a total of 46 collected genetic resources. Among 15 genetic resources, SL13 was the tallest and it was followed by that of SC04, SR01 and SE07. The accessions with the earliest flowering started flowering 101 days after sowing and set seed in early August. Fifteen accessions were evaluated for their salt tolerance at germination stage based on germination rate and growth of germinated seedlings at 0 mM, 150 mM and 300 mM NaCl concentrations. Five genetic resources like SC04, SL13, SS20, SS24 and SR01 were selected to be tolerant to NaCl treatment. Forage value was evaluated based on crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The forage value of leaves was significantly higher than that of stems, and the forage value of the stem was slightly better than that of rice straw. The forage value of leaves of all the genetic resources was higher than grade 1 by the American Forage and Grassland Council grade. Among five selected genetic resources, the relative feed value of SC04 was the highest and it was followed by that of SS20, SL13, SS24 and SR01.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.451-459
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• 2011

The current study was conducted to determine the effects of herbal supplement on growth performances and diarrhea in Hanwoo calves. Total 24 Hanwoo calves (3 treatments: 8 calves per treatment) were randomly assigned to either Control (no treatment), Treatment 1 (0.3% herb supplement), or Treatment 2 (0.5% herb supplement) diets for 150 days. Total body weight gain and total feed intake per head in Treatment 1 was 142.8 kg and 545.9 kg, respectively, and it was higher (p<0.05) compared to other groups. The blood total cholesterol range was 86.43~97.00 mg/dl, triglycerides 13.26~13.86 mg/dl, GOT 76.97~79.60 mg/dl, GPT 19.54~20.97 mg/dl, WBC 8.75~9.95 k/${\mu}{\ell}$, RBC 10.14~11.91 M/${\mu}{\ell}$, and hemoglobin 10.74~11.20 g/$d{\ell}$, respectively, with no significant (p>0.05) differences among treatments. The blood immunoglobulin G levels were 5.74~6.05 mg/ml which tended to decrease as experimental period extended. Total number of pathogens in feces showed peaks at 1~2 months after the initiation of experiment, and tended to decrease thereafter. Total number of Eimeria spp., E. coli and BVDV in feces showed no significant differences but control group showed higher counts than both treatment groups. During overall period, the incidence of pathogenic diarrhea in calves of 2 treatment groups was much lower than control group calves (C: 24, vs T1: 9, T2: 13 heads), however, it was not significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of herbs in Hanwoo calf diets might be beneficial to improve growth performances and prevent diarrhea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.247-266
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• 2017

Cordyceps is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb well-known in China, Korea and Japan since B.C. 2,000. The original entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps sinensis belonging to the genus Cordyceps could not be found inside Korean peninsula due to the absence of the host insect for the corresponding entomogenous fungus. The development of artificial production methods of Korean type Cordyceps using the silkworm Bombyx mori as in vivo culture medium for the the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces tenuipes is the first, and wonderful occasion in the research history of insect industry of this global world. The aim of this article is to review the historical research background, mass-production methods, and pharmacological effects of the silkworm-dongchunghacho (Paecilomyces tenuipes) which is a newly developed Korean medicinal insect-borne mushroom, and another non-insect-borne medicinal mushroom (Cordyceps militaris and Cordyceps pruinosa). Their biological actions include anti-tumor, immunostimulating, anti-fatigue, anti-stress, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombosis, hypolipidaemic and insecticidal effects. The bioactive principles are protein-bound polysaccharides (hexose, hexosamin), cordycepin, D-manitol, acidic polysaccharide etc. Protein-bound polysaccharides and n-butanol fractions were demonstrated to show a significant anti-tumor activities but did not show a cytotoxicities. D-mannitol exhibited a significant prolongation of the life span in tumor bearing mice. Ergosterol did not show an efficient anti-tumor activity, but showed a significant phagocytosis enhancing activity. Anti-tumor activity of silkworm-dongchunghacho might be attributed to immuno-stimulating activities rather than cytotoxic effects [164]. Also this review comprises the breeding of Dongchunghacho varieties, optimization of culture conditions, improvement of learning and memory by Dongchunghacho, application of them as foods and chemical constituents.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2013

We report somatic chromosome numbers 2n = 12 for three Carex sect. Siderostictae Franch. ex Ohwi (Cyperaceae) from Korean populations: Carex ciliatomarginata Nakai, C. okamotoi Ohwi, and C. siderosticta Hance. This study is the first chromosome number report for the species C. ciliatomarginata from Korean populations. As found in other Carex species, all the chromosomes examined in the section exhibit nonlocalized centromere (polycentric or holocentric) and large (more than ca. $1{\mu}m$ long) chromosomes. Considering the basal phylogenetic position of the section in tribe Cariceae Pax, small numbers of large chromosomes have been hypothesized as primitive characters in Cariceae, and our observation supports the hypothesis. Further investigations of chromosomes in Carex are needed for a better understanding of species richness in the genus.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.176-184
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• 2003

This experiment was planned to develop a functional supplements by food resources to prevent and lessen the bad effects caused by the environmental pollution such as bad food, air, water and heavy metals exposed to people these days. As for Its primary stage, the nutrient profile and sensory characteristics of the duck-extract were evaluated in this study. The duck-extract was formulated by the mixture of bone and internal organs of ducks and 6 medicinal herbs which were able to be used as foods and known to help the excretion and the repression of the poison inside the body for a long time. As we compared the six medicinal herbs mentioned above to the vegetable herbs, the nutrient profile of the medicinal herbs were superior to the vegetable herbs. The duck-extract was composed of protein 49.92%, carbohydrate 37.02%, dietary fiber 20.99%, lipid 7.60% and ash 5.46%. The ratio of Ca to P was 1 : 1.4, which was a suitable ratio for absorption, the contents of Na and K were low and those of micro-elements such as Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu high compared to other meat extracts. The essential amino acids accounted for 30.91% of total amino acids. The result of sensory evaluation was better in overall preferences than the ones which are already in the market. From these results, the nutrient profile of the duck-extract was estimated to be able to supply enough nutrients to the people whose nutritional balance was destroyed these days. This study also showed the effective way of using duck-extract and its application to the oriental medicine.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.9-19
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• 2013

This research was performed to make functional papers by using the waste of herbal medicine such as Astragalus membranaceus, Angelica acutiloba, and Artemisia capillaris as additives, and to evaluate their physical and optical properties of the manufactured paper. The physical and optical properties were decreased with the increase of the amount of herbal medicine. Of those manufactured papers, the functional paper with Artemisia capillaris showed the dramatic decrease in its physical properties. Adding the herbal medicine waste as additives developed the aesthetic pattern on the surface of the manufactured paper. The paper showing the black pattern on white surface was most favored. Different patterns could be made by changing the size of fibers and the amount of wastes. There was odor emitted from the paper due to the herbal medicine waste, which make the paper to have a potential for the diverse purpose. The herbal medicine waste can be applied to replace weighting agents in the manufacturing process of paper or used for the fuctional additives, resulting in the reduce of the quantity of a pulp consumed. The paper with 10-20% Angelica acutiloba waste were thought to have the most excellent quality on the process point of view.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.47-56
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• 2004

This study was carried out to analyze forest vegetation of the Jangtaesan, Haetaesan, Ahnpyoungsan and Gubongsan in Daejeon. Employing the releve method of Braun-Blanquet, 76 plots were sampled. The communities were classified into Quercus mongolica community, Quercus variabilis community, and Pinus densiflora community. Average coverage rate was 85% in tree layer, 44% in subtree layer, 37% in shrub layer, 25% in herb layer, respectively. The importance values were 58.76 in Pinus densiftora, 44.86 in Quercus monegolica, 44.06 in Quercus variabilis, 33.00 in Quercus serrata, 18.73 in Rhus trichocarpa, 18.07 in Prunus sargentii. DBH range of most Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis was between 5cm and 20cm. Therefore, Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis will be dominant species in the study area for several more decades. Quercus mongolica community was distributed mainly on the north and east slope in a high-altitude and relative good nutrition condition. Querucus variabilis community was distributed mainly on the south slope in a middle-altitude and medium nutrition condition. Pinus densiflora community was distributed mainly in a low-altitude and poor nutrition condition.