• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.993-1014
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• 2020

Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. Antioxidant stress and inflammatory reactions are important causes of neurodegenerative diseases and are major causes of PD. Many animal experiments have been aimed at treating PD using the antioxidant effects of various traditional medicines and dietary supplements. This review reports the research investigating the antioxidant effects of herbs in in vivo PD models. Methods: The study consisted of a database search for articles related to PD and herbal treatments using the OASIS, NDSL, KTKP, Korean KISS, PubMed, Science Direct, CNKI, Wanfang, and J-STAGE databases. The search period was limited from the start of the search engine application to November 14, 2019. Studies were selected to confirm the antioxidant effects of herbal medicines in an in vivo PD model. Results: Eighty-two studies were summarized for plant species, extracts (or compounds), animal models, neurotoxins, and functional results. The most frequently used herbal materials were Bacopa monnieri, Camellia sinensis, Centella asiatica, and Withania somnifera. MPTP and 6-OHDA were the most commonly used neurotoxins for inducing PD. Most studies confirmed an increased expression and activation of antioxidant enzymes and a decrease in oxidative stress. Herbal materials showed their antioxidant effects regardless of the order of treatment and confirmed their possible use as treatments for the prevention and treatment of neurodegeneration. Conclusion: Many herbal medicines have antioxidant effects and are likely to be effective in delaying neurodegenerative damage by inhibiting or reducing oxidative stress by expression of antioxidant enzymes.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2021

Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that ginsenoside Rc inhibits UGT1A9, but there are no available data to indicate that ginsenoside Rc inhibits UGT1A9 in vivo. The effect of single and repeated intravenous injection of ginsenoside Rc was evaluated on the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid. After injection of ginsenoside Rc (5 mg/kg for one day or 3 mg/kg for five days), 2-mg mycophenolic acid was intravenously injected, and the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and mycophenolic acid-β-glucuronide were determined. Concentrations of mycophenolic acid and its metabolite from rat plasma were analyzed using a liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Single or repeated pretreatment with ginsenoside Rc had no significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (P > 0.05): The mean difference in maximum plasma concentration (C_max) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC_inf) were within 0.83- and 0.62-fold, respectively, compared with those in the absence of the ginsenoside Rc. These results indicate that ginsenoside Rc has a negligible effect on the disposition of mycophenolic acid in vivo despite in vitro findings indicating that ginsenoside Rc is a selective UGT1A9 inhibitor. As a result, ginsenoside Rc has little possibility of interacting with drugs that are metabolized by UGT1A9, including mycophenolic acid.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.120-132
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• 2021

Objectives: The prevalence of Parkinson's disease is on an upward trend along with an increase in the aging population but there is no available treatment that halts the progression of neurodegeneration. This study reports a numerical analysis on Donguibogam and suggests novel herbal drugs, which have never been researched before but found to be deemed effective in this study. Methods: Referring to 71 Korean medicine symptom terms that represent the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, 4170 prescriptions described in Donguibogam were classified into two groups based on whether their main effects were effective for Parkinson's disease or not. Comparing the two groups, the chi-square test was performed to select statistically significant herbs, while the t-test, Wilcoxon test, and descriptive statistics were performed to determine the appropriate dose. Results: One hundred and twenty-seven prescriptions effective for Parkinson's disease were identified. The chi-square test determined 17 herbs that are effective for symptomatic treatment. Among the medicinal herbs, the authors suggest Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma, Ephedrae Herba, Aconiti Tuber, Myrrha, Sinomeni Caulis et Rhizoma, and Aconiti Kusnezoffii Tuber as herbal candidates that have never been studied for Parkinson's disease. Through the statistical tests, it was judged that the mean value of the dose of the entire prescription was the appropriate dose for each herb. Conclusions: Seventeen herbs were selected for Parkinson's disease and the appropriate daily dose were calculated. Furthermore, this study presented a new process that applies a statistical method to traditional medical literature and preselecting herbs deemed effective for specific diseases.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2023

Objectives This study is designed to evaluate the safety of palmul-tang soft extract in healthy male volunteers. Methods Twelve healthy male volunteers were recruited. And this study was conducted in a single center. As a result of the laboratory test, the safety was evaluated by collecting vital signs of volunteers. Twelve subjects were assigned by serial number according to the registration order. For safety evaluation, blood samples were collected and vital signs were checked four times throughout the test period, including screening, pre-administration, post-administration (after 48 hours) and post-administration (after 7 days). The difference in variables was summarized as the mean±standard deviation. The normality was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test. If normality is satisfied, a paired t-test is applied. Otherwise, the Wilcoxon sign rank test, which is a nonparametric method, is applied. The significance was p<0.05. The incidence of all side effects is expressed as a percentage. Results In the case of red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values, the result of normality test of variables for the difference value before and after administration is significant level p<0.05. However, all laboratory test values before and after administration did not deviate from the normal range. Also the deviations in the normal range could not be seen as significance related to this clinical trial. And no side effects related to clinical trial drugs were observed. Conclusions The soft extract of palmul-tang was considered safe for healthy male volunteers.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.134-148
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• 1995

월경통(月經痛)은 부인과(婦人科) 질환중(疾患中) 가장 흔한 질환(疾患) 중의 하나로서 대부분의 여성(女性)들은 월경(月經)의 시작(始作)과 함께 그 정도(程度)가 경미(輕微)한 어느 정도(程度)의 복부불쾌감(腹部不快感)이나 피로감(疲勞感)등을 느끼지만 일상생활(日常生活)에 별다른 지장(支障)을 초래(招來)하지않을 뿐 아니라 월경직전(月經直前)에만 나타났다가 월경(月經)이 시작(始作)되면 정상(正常)으로 회복(回復)되므로 특별(特別)한 치료(治療)를 요(要)하지 않는다. 다만 그 정도가 심(甚)하여 강도(强度)가 높은 동통(疼痛)을 수반(隋伴)하거나, 혹(或)은 장기화(長期化)하여 심신(心身)에 장애(障碍)를 초래(招來)하게 되는 경우 이것을 월경통(月經痛)이라하니 치료(治療)를 하지 않으면 안된다. 월경통(月經痛)의 원인(原因)은 다양(多樣)하지만 병기(病機)는 모두 기혈(氣血), 허실한열(虛實寒熱), 경전(經前), 경후(經後)를 막론(莫論)하고 통(通)하지 않으므로 통(痛)하게 된 것이라고 할 수 있다. 그러므로 월경통(月經痛)의 치료원칙(治療原則)은 통(通)하게하여 불통(不痛)케하는 것이니, 활혈통락(活血通絡)하고 충임맥(衝任脈)과 기혈(氣血)의 조리(調理)를 위주(爲主)로 하여 온경지통(溫經止痛)하고 통창기혈(通暢氣血)한다. 월경통(月經痛)의 치료법(治療法)은 월경(月經)의 변화시기(變化時期)에 따라 치료법칙(治療法則)에 차이(差異)가 있으나 그 중에서 월경중(月經中)에 치료하는 것이 가장 치료효과(治療效果)가 우수하다고 한다. 이에 월경중(月經中)에 한약(韓藥)의 내복치료(內服治療)와 함께 병용(竝用)하여 사용할 수 있는 치료법(治療法)중 경락(經絡)에 약물(藥物)을 붙이므로서 약물(藥物)의 효능(效能)이 직접 경락혈위(經絡穴位)의 피부(皮膚)를 통하여 흡수(吸收)되어 종합적(綜合的)으로 효과(效果)를 발휘(發揮)하므로 치료효과(治療效果)가 신속(迅速)하며 통증(痛症)이나 부작용(副作用)도 없고 경제적(經濟的)인 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)을 월경통(月經痛)에 이용한 자료를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 월경통(月經痛)의 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)은 주(主)로 기체혈어(氣滯血瘀)와 한습응체(寒濕凝滯)한 실증(實症)의 월경통(月經痛)과 원발성월경통(原發性月經痛)인 경우(境遇)에 많이 응용(應用)되었다. 2. 월경통(月經痛)의 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)에 있어서 치료혈위(治療穴位)는 신궐혈(神闕穴), 즉 제부위(臍部位)의 복부임맥혈(腹部任脈穴)들을 주로 선혈(選穴)하고 있다. 3. 월경통(月經痛)의 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)의 치료약물(治療藥物)은 주(主)로 활혈거어(活血祛瘀)하고 온경통락지통(溫經通絡止痛)하는 약물(藥物)들로서 내치법(內治法)의 약물(藥物)과 동일(同一)하였다. 4. 월경통(月經痛)에 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)으로 치료(治療)한 시기(時期)는 월경(月經) 3일전(前)부터 월경중(月經中), 또는 월경후(月經後)까지의 기간(期間)으로 주(主)로 월경전후기(月經前後期)에 집중(集中)되어 있다. 5. 월경통(月經痛)의 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)의 치료효과(治療效果)는 우수(優秀)한 것으로 나타났으며, 주(主)로 기혈허약(氣血虛弱)이나 간신휴손(肝腎虧損)의 허증(虛症)보다는 기체혈어(氣滯血瘀)와 한습응체(寒濕凝滯)의 실증(實症)인 경우(境遇)에 더 치료효과(治療效果)가 우수(優秀)하였다. 6. 월경통(月經痛)의 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)은 외치법(外治法)의 하나로서 간편하고 경제적(經濟的)이며 통증(痛症)과 부작용(副作用)이 없는 등(等)의 장점(長點)이 있다. 7. 이상(以上)으로 월경통(月經痛)의 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)은 행경기(行經期)에 급치(急治)하고 표치(標治)하는 치법(治法)으로 활용(活用)할 수 있다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.605-610
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• 2003

인삼, 호장근, 상산 등에서 분리한 성분들이 HL60, HL-60, Jurkat, Molt-4에 대한 억제작용이 있는 것으로 조사되었고, 익모초의 Leonunrine, 대청엽의 Indirubin, 천문동의 Aspargus polysaccharideA.B.C.D, 백합의 Colchicnamile, 익모초의 Lenunrine, 산두근, 자초근 추출물이 여러유형의 백혈병 환자에 대한 백혈병 억제효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, mouse의 P388, L1210, L615, L120, S-180 등에 항 백혈병 효과가 있는 것으로는 완화, 로회, 원지, 오수유, 파두, 뇌공등, 석산, 백출, 단삼, 산약, 목단피, 청대, 감초, 당귀에서 분리한 성분들이 있으며 백굴채, 마전자, 가시오가피, 천초 추출물들이 동물실험에서 항암작용이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또 천연물에서 분리한 성분이 항백혈병 작용이 있는것으로는 ginsenoside Ro, ginseonoside Rh2, Emodin, Yuanhuacine, Aleemodin, phorbocdiester, Triptolide, Homolycorine, Atractylol, Colchicnamile, Paeonol, 당귀다당체, Aspargus polysaccharideABCD, Indirubin, Leonunrine, Acinosohic acid, Trichosanthin, G2 132, Schizandrin, allicin, Indirubin, cmdiumlactone chuanxiongol, 18A glycyrrhetic acid, Kansuiphorin A, 13 oxyingenol Kansuiphorin B 등이 조사되었고, 추출물이 항 백혈병 작용이 있는 것으로는 원지, 오수유, 백굴채, 대황, 산두근, 마전자, 가시오가피, 천초 등이 조사되었다.

• 인삼문화
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• 제2권
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• pp.17-26
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• 2020

인삼은 예로부터 연명(延命)의 약물로 분류된 상약(上藥)의 하나로 자리를 잡고 지닌 약성에 따라 만병통치약으로 사용되었으며, 특수계급만을 대상으로 하였던 인삼 수요가 다른 계층으로 확대되면서 그 수요가 급증하게 되었다. 이에 따라 무분별한 채취로 멸절(滅絶)되어 채취하기가 어렵게 되어 자연산 인삼으로는 공급의 한계에 이르게 되자, 인삼 공급 방법은 힘든 자연산 인삼의 채취보다는 가성비 높은 가삼 재배 쪽으로 이동하게 되었다. 인삼종주국인 우리나라의 가삼 재배 시기에 관해서는 연구가 이루어지고 있으나, 첫 재배지에 관한 연구는 아직 보고되지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 가삼 재배 관련 자료의 정리를 통하여 우리나라 최초의 가삼 재배지에 관한 정리와 고찰을 하였으며, 여기에 인용된 사료는 조선왕조실록, 임원십육지, 오주연문장전산고, 중경지, 증보문헌비고, 인삼사 등이다. 정리와 고찰의 결과, 조선 시대 최초의 가삼 재배지는 영남지역으로 특히, 풍기면(현재의 경북 영주시 풍기읍)으로 추측된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2010

Objectives & Methods : To compare the medicinal herbs between Ayurvedic medicine and traditional Korean medicine(TKM), we took reference of major publications related to Ayurvedic medicinal herbs such as Indian Herbal Remedies, Prime Ayurvedic Plant Drugs, with those of TKM. We selected most widely used 130 herbal species of Ayurvedic medicine and compared the similarities and differences with TKM. Comparative factors were the origin, habitation, synonyms, usage, medicinal parts, and precautions. Results : 1. The medicinal herbs Resinatum Lignum(沈香), Arecae Pericarpium(大腹皮), Arecae Semen(檳榔), Carthami Flos (紅花), Camphorum(樟腦), Crotonis Semen(巴豆), Curculiginis Rhizoma(仙茅) used in TKM did exactly correlate in their origins with those of Ayurvedic medicine. 2. Varieties of allied species were found in their origins. Benincasae Pericarpium(冬瓜皮), and Benincasae Semen(冬瓜子) derive from the same plant Benincasa hispida Cogn. for both Ayurvedic medicine and TKM. Interestingly, B. cerifera Savi. is also claimed for same uses in Ayurvedic medicine. This broadened use of allied species is found in various Ayurvedic herbal medicine such as Cannabis Semen(火麻仁) using Cannabis indica Lam., and Curcuma Longae Rhizoma(薑黃) using Curcuma domestica Valeton. This suggests the possibility of their usage also in TKM. 3. Myrrha(沒藥), and Curculiginis Rhizoma concorded their usage with TKM. While Arecae Pericarpium(大腹皮), Arecae Semen(檳榔), Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum(沈香), Pericarpium(冬瓜皮), Benincasae Semen(冬瓜子), Cannabis Semen(火麻仁), Carthami Flos(紅花), Camphorum(樟腦), Crotonis Semen(巴豆), Curcumae Radix(鬱金), Curcuma Longae Rhizoma(薑黃) and Zedoariae Rhizoma(莪朮) revealed varied efficacies according to their part used or usage forms. Conclusion : Both Ayurvedic medicine and TKM reflect the traditional medicine of its regions where is founded. Mutual understanding improves the capability of coping of diverse ailments of present days and also replacing some plants in the days of increasing threat to our environment. Abundant external applications of various plants found in Ayurvedic medicine were particularly useful for TKM to complement its strength in herbal intake.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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• pp.186-186
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• 1994

Many agonists have been known to activate the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids through the bindings with corresponding receptors on the various cells. Diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP3) generated by the action of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) are well known second messengers for the activation of protein kinase C and the mobilization of Ca2+ in many cells. Three types of PI-PLC isozyme (${\alpha}$,${\gamma}$, and $\delta$) and several subtrpes for each type have been identified from mammalian sources by purification of enzymes and cloning of their cDNAs. Each type PI-PLC isozyme is coupled to different receptors and mediators, for example, ${\beta}$-types are coupled to the seven-transmembrane-receptors via Gq family of G-proteins and ${\beta}$-types directly to the receptor tyrosine kinases. Specific modulators for the signaling pathway through each type of PI-PLC should be very useful as potential potential candidates for lend substances in developing novel drugs. To establish the sensitive and convenient screening systems for searching modulators on PI-PLC mediated signaling, two kinds of approaches have been tried. (1) Establishment of in vitro assay condition for each type of PI-PLC isozyme: Overexpression by using vaccinia virus and purification of each isozyme was carried out for the preparation of large amounts of enaymes. Optimum and sensitive assay condition for the measurements of PI-ELC activities were established. (2) Development of the cell lines in which each type of PI-PLC is permanently overexpressed: A fibroblast cell line (3T3${\gamma}$1-7) in which PI-PLC-${\gamma}$1 was overexpressed by using pZip-neo expression vector was developed and used for the measurement of PDGF-induced IP3 formation. The responses for IP3 formed in 3T3${\gamma}$1-7 cells by the treatment of PDGF is 8 times more sensitive than those in control cells. 3T3${\gamma}$l-7 cell is useful for the screening of the inhibitors on the PDGF-induced cellular responses from large number of samples in a small volume(50 ${\mu}$l) and short time(5-15 min). Using these systems, we screened hundreds of herb-extracts for the inhibition of PDGF-induced IP3 formation and selected several extracts that showed the inhibition as the candidates for isolation and characterization of active substances. The determination of the acting point of selected extracts or fractions in the PDGF signaling pathway has been analyzing.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.118-129
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• 1990

Socioeconomic status in this county progressed rapidly, this has brought about many changes in health care fields, namely, pattern of disease prevalence and morbidity, increase of the aged people, and also availability of health care in rural areas. According to the utilization study of medical care, it showed that the oriental medicine is used for the treatment of lasted chronic disease not the minor and common diseases which is quick in its effect. Particularly, in rural areas. prevalence of chronic disease is higher than that in urban areas. Although the health cafe need of the oriental medicine is high in rural areas, the distribution of manpower and facilities is lower than that in urban areas. Therefore the government has planned to implement the demonstration project for the oriental medicine at the designated 3 health centers in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to collect the utilization level of oriental medical care of the people in rural areas. To meet the purpose of this study, patient interview were applied. 790 patients visited to health center in project areas were selected and analyzed by experienced interviewers from 2 April to 21 April 1990. The major findings of this study were as follows ; 1) Of the 790 patients, 32.6 percent of the respondents had experience of using the oriental medicine. As for the utilization by age and sex. 54.8% of those was female and 70.7% was 40 years of age and more. 2) Reaction to the question of educational achievement showed that on schooling and primary school graduates accounted for 63.1%. 3) The most user of oriental medicine resides in country level, where the health center is located, and 80 percent of those users resides within 10Km. 4) More than 50% of the total was the chronic diseases which lingered for more than 3months. 5) 32.6 percent of the total cases used the oriental medicine. 61.2% among those was treated by oriental medical care hospital and 38.8% by oriental drug dispensaries etc. 6) The contont of oriental medical care varied ; 50.1% for prescription of herb drugs for treatment, 25.1% for health maintenance and 23.9% for acupuncture, moxibustion etc. 7) As for the motivation for using the oriental medicine. 56.6% of the respondents was for treatment of diseases and 27.9% wes for strengthening the physical weakness. 8) As for the effectiveness of the oriental medicine. 70.3% of the total cases satisfied with that treatment and 84.2% of the total cases will use the oriental medicine when is provided by health center.