• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 1994

In order to anticipate disease pattern and health problems of Koreans in the 1st part of 21st century (by the year 2020), transition of population characteristics, mortality and morbidity data during the last 30 years Koreans have experienced were reviewed. On the actual basis of epidemiologic transition process that has undergone during last 30 years since 1960 along with socioeconomic development and successful implementation of selective national health policies (family planning, medical insurance and etc.), following changes can be expected in the 21st century in Korea, under the assumption that the current rate of progress is maintained. The population of South Korea alone will be doubled the population of 1960 by the year 2013 : aged Population older than 65 years will be increased from 3.3% in 1960 to 11.4% in 2020 with increased average age of the population from 23.6 year in 1970 to 39.2 year in 2020; urban population from 28% in 1960 to 83% in 2005. GNP/capita has increased tremendously from U.S. $120 in 1970 to $6,749 in 1992, and the government estimated it would be 519,350 in 2010 and $29,460 in 2020. Growth and developmental indices of children, educational achievement and social status of women also showed a remarkable improvement and anticipated to make futher progress. Leading causes of mortality and morbidity have shown a striking change during the last 30 years, from infectious diseases to chronic degenerative diseases and man-made injuries. Occurrence of communicable diseases may become minimal although viral hepatitis, venereal diseases Including AIDS, and well adapted herpes virus infections will maintain their endemic level. Newly evolving infectious agents, however, should be carefully monitored because of rapidly changing environments and human behaviours. Tuberculosis may increase up to the epidemic level when AIDS prevails. Ischemic heart diseases may increase steadily with increasing occurrence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus whereas cerebrovascular diseases may be decreased slowly. Musculaskeletal diseases which contribute a lot to the disability of aged people may be a major health problems due to increased aged population. Mental diseases, particularly that caused by alcohol and drug abuse, and senile dementia may become a prominent health problem. On the other hand injuries caused by traffic and industrial accidents that have shown most striking increase till now may be decreased considerably by intensive intervention. The health policies in the 21st century will be oriented to the health promotion for good quality life rather than life-savings.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.28-31
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• 1998

개심술시 출혈에 따른 동종수혈은 응혈이상증, 간염, 후천성면역결핍증, 과민반응 등의 부작용을 초래할 수 있다. 동종수혈을 줄이는 한 방법으로 자가수혈기의 사용이 보편화 되어있다. 계명대학교 흉부외과학 교실에서는 1993년 7월부터 1996년 7월까지 개심술을 받은 40명의 환자를 대상으로 cell saver를 이용하여 자가수혈을 받은 실험군 20명과 대조군 20명으로 나누어 수혈량, 흉관을 통한 출혈량, 혈액학적 소견, 혈액응고상태 등을 비교하였다. 술후 출혈량은 양군 간의 유의한 차이가 없었고, 수혈량은 실험군에서 2.91$\pm$1.72 units로 대조군의 4.82$\pm$1.72 units에 비해 의미있게 감소하였다. cell saver를 이용하여 얻어진 처리혈의 구성성분은 hemoglobin 17.4gm%, hematocrit 56.4%, RBC 5,780,000/ul, WBC 9,900/ul, platelet 33,000/ul, sodium 147.4mEq/L, potassium 2.9mEq/L로 나타났다. 처리혈을 세균배양한 결과 20례중 1 례에서 staphylococcus epidermidis가 배양되었으나 감염에 따른 합병증은 없었다. 그리고 자가수혈기 사용에 따른 합병증예도 없었다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.58-89
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate comparatively the content of the Expanded National Immunization Program according to the provision method between 2005 and 2006 in Korea. We assessed the impact of the mutually exclusive vaccination policy using the result reports of the 2005 and 2006 Demonstration Project and the related references by the content analysis. The public health centers paid vaccination fees to the private clinic and hospital in the 2005 Demonstration Project in Daegu metropolitan city and Gunpo city. But, the public health centers directly supplied free vaccination services to the children in the 2006 Demonstration Project in Gangneung city, Yangsan city, and Yeongi-gun. The total budgets of 2005 and 2006 Demonstration Project were 6.57 billion won and 0.65 billion won, respectively. The computerized registration rates and timeliness rates of administration of each vaccination had improved all in the 5 Demonstration Project regions. However, the computerized registration rates of most vaccination in Gunpo city were higher than those in the 2006 Demonstration Project regions except hepatitis B. Especially, the computerized registration rate of BCG was 48.3%, but the BCG coverage rate by the follow-up telephone survey was 99.8% in Daegu metropolitan city. The community parents in all the regions were satisfied because of expanding financial and geographical access to immunization coverage. In conclusions, from the aspect of the main outcomes, the implementation of two different financial immunization aids appears to be widely accepted among these parents and to have had an impact on vaccination coverage. In the future, the government must try to enact that the national immunization policy including under-immunised or incompletely immunised groups would be achieved by the affordable method of the public-private dynamics.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.217-221
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• 1999

Background and Objectives: Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis or Kikuchi's disease has now become recognized in many parts of the world as a well-defined clinicopathologic entity. It typically affects cervical lymph nodes of young women, and subsides spontaneously within a few months without recurrences. The purpose of this study is to report the clinicopathologic finding, radiologic finding and many laboratory tests to elaborate the criteria that are useful in distinguishing this entity from inflammatory disease, granulomatous disease, lymphoma, malignant disease. Material and Methods: Authors evaluated 22 patients, who were diagnosed as subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis on excisional biopsy or fine needle aspiration cytology with retrospective chart review. Results: The patient population consisted of 21 women and 1 men. The mean age was 25 years old(range 17 to 42 years). All patient had palpable neck mass and associated fever, headache, weight loss, otalgia, diarrhea, night sweating. and associated disorder is dermatitis, hepatitis B, SLE, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, albinism et al. The multiple bilateral involvement of cervical lymph node was 20 cases(91%) and multiple unilateral 18 cases(82%), multiple bilateral 2 cases(9%). Solitary involvement was 2 cases(9%), mean size of involved lymph node was 2.0cm. In laboratory tests, leukopenia 17 cases(72%), elevated ESR 12 cases(54%), elevated GOT, GPT 3 cases(13%). In CT finding, lymph nodes enhanced in homogeneous fashion, and there was no evidence of central necrosis. Conclusion: Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis, Kikuchi's disease may be easily confused clinically, pathologically, radiologically with malignant lymphoma, inflammatory disease, granulomatous disease. We should consider open biopsy of lymph node in the patient which had unilateral multiple cervical lymph node and in laboratory tests, were leukopenia, elevated ESR, especially in young women. otherwise, result of fine needle aspiration biopsy is nonspecific, excisional biopsy is recommended in order to differentiate other disease.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.41-64
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• 1999

The major concern for this research is to discuss and to offer some solutions to bring the effectiveness of existing notifiable diseases reporting system over the physicians' attitudes of reporting, the actual condition of performance and the reasons of inertia in notifiable diseases reporting through examining the physicians of medical institutions in nationwide such as pediatrics, internal medicine and family medicine. The actual conditions of notifiable communicable diseases(NCD) reporting was surveyed by mail objectifying an internal medicine, pediatrics and family medicine in nationwide on the basis of stratified random sampling method divided into the classification of medical institutions and areas. As a result of survey. the rate of respondents showed 145 persons from physicians, 105 persons from hospitals. 120 persons from general hospitals, and 51 persons from tertiary hospitals. The total number of respondents were 421 and was rated 59.0 %. The analysis of collected survey went through a descriptive analysis primarily to grasp physicians' attitudes on the notifiable communicable diseases reporting, and then upon the dependent variables. Following are major findings obtained form the data analysis. 1. The results of a descriptive analysis on physicians' attitudes towards reporting NCD were as follows: First, the respondents who didn't know that yellow fever is reporting NCD were 11.0% of clinic, 10.5% of hospital. 5.0% of general hospital. 11.8% of tertiary hospital. and in case of hepatitis B, were 26.9% of clinic, 35.2% of hospital. 35.0% of general hospital. 23.5% of tertiary hospital. Second, The rate of physicians' knowledge on penalties of not reporting the NCD by their medical institution were 35.2% of clinic, 45.7% of hospital. 36.7% of general hospital. 62.7% of tertiary hospital. Third, among the no-reporting physicians in whole, the major reason of not reporting NCD were uncertainty of diagnosis(78.9%), no need to report(46.4%), no adequate actions from PHC(29.1%), no knowledge of the cases being notifiable ones in the order of their frequencies(30.4%), meddling from PHC(29.1%), concerning of patient's privacy(26.3%). 2. To analyze the characteristics related to the physicians' behaviors to report NCD, univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to the variables related to physician, 4 medical facility, PHC, and reporting system. The result were as follows: First, the result of the univariate analysis on physicians' attitude to report NCD and characteristics related to reporting in odds ratio was in the case of hospital. 3.4 times higher positive responses on physicians' attitude to report NCD came up as compared to the clinic. Second, the result of the univariate analysis on physicians' action of reporting NCD and characteristics related to reporting by the classification of medical institutions showed that the odds ratio of hospital was 2.3 times, the odds ratio of general hospital was 2.0 times, the odds ratio of tertiary was 6.8 times significantly higher than clinic. And the medical institution with significantly higher positive attitudes rate by multiple logistic regression analysis was hospital that rated 2.5 times significantly higher than clinic. Also in the PHC related characteristics of reporting, the rate of action in reporting NCD was significantly higher in medical institution that were endowed with the good condition of reporting. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the medical institution that has a good conditions of reporting showed a significantly higher positive rate on the action of reporting than the others.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2018

에이코사펜타엔산(EPA) 및 도코사헥사엔산(DHA)을 비롯한 오메가-3 불포화 지방산은 어류 및 어유에 많이 존재한다. 최근 연구에 따르면 오메가-3 지방산이 암, 심장 혈관 질환, 면역 체계, 간경변 및 신경계 장애에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 오메가-3는 고지혈증 개선과 간기능검사에 도움을 주는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 하지만 우리나라의 경우 사례가 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 오메가-3를 2주간 1 gm/day을 섭취하여 혈중 고지혈증과 간기능 개선에 효과가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 본 실험 결과, 간기능검사에서는 AST가 감소하였고, 알콜성간염이나 지방간과 관계있는 GGT에서 유의한 결과를 보였다. 오메가-3가 간기능 개선에 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 심혈관질환과 관계있는 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, 저밀도 콜레스테롤은 오메가-3 섭취후 감소를 보였고, 특히 고밀도 콜레스테롤이 유의하게 증가하였다. 고지혈 질환에서도 개선효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 남자군과 여자군별 오메가-3 섭취 전과 후를 비교한 결과, 남자군에서는 AST에서 유의한 결과를 보였고, 여자군에서는 GGT와 고밀도 콜레스테롤에서 유의한 결과를 보였다. 결과적으로 오메가-3 섭취가 간기능검사나 고지혈 질환의 예방 및 개선에 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2009

목적 ; 본 연구는 가스분석검사기의 일종인 Oral $Chroma^{(R)}$(CHM-1, Osaka, Japen)를 이용하여 건강검진센터에 내원하는 환자를 대상으로 전신질환 판정검사에서 이상소견을 가진 환자에서 구취를 일으키는 휘발성 황화합물을 측정 비교하여 전신질환이 구취에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 ; 수집된 자료는 통계분석 프로그램인 Statistical Package for the Social Science12.0(SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA)을 이용하여 구강검사(CPI index, 탐침 시 출혈 유무, 설태의 유무) 결과 및 각 검사별 전신질환의 유무에 따른 황화수소, 메틸 머캅탄, 황화 디메틸의 농도를 교차분석으로 분석하였다. 결과 ; 휘발성 황화합물과 관계있는 질환은 간질환과 담낭질환이라는 사실을 확인할 수 있었으며 그 외 골밀도와 혈압, 지질검사 등에서의 관련성도 관찰되어 추후 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.869-878
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• 1999

표재성 방광암의 치료는 경요도적 절제술 후 방광내 BCG 투여가 표준적인 치료로 알려져 있다. 방광내 BCG 투여 후 가장 흔한 부작용은 방광자극, 빈뇨감, 배뇨 곤란 등이며 항결핵제를 사용해야 할 정도의 전신적인 부작용은 5% 이하로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 표재성 방광암 환자에서 경요도적 절제술 후 방광내 BCG 주입치료 후 폐합병증이 발생한 2예를 경험하여 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2007

뽕나무버섯부치는 주름버섯목, 송이버섯과에 속하는 버섯으로 예로부터 만성간염, 담낭염 및 암의 치료에 널리 이용해온 맛이 좋은 식의약용 버섯이다. 뽕나무버섯부치의 자실체로부터 중성염용액, 열수 및 메탄올을 이용하여 조다당류를 추출하여 Sarcoma 180가 접종된 ICR mice에 주사하여 항암 및 면역증강 효과를 조사하였다. 세포독성 실험결과, 각각의 세포는 $10{\sim}2000\;{\mu}g/ml$ 추출물 농도에서 세포독성을 나타내지 않았다. 각각의 조다당류가 투여된 실험군은 대조군에 비해 수명이 각각 $28.8{\sim}46.5%$ 연장되었다. 중성염용액으로 추출한 조다당류는 B 임파구의 alkaline phosphatase 활성을 대조군에 비해 약 $1.8{\sim}2.1$배 내외의 증가율을 나타냈다. 중성염추출 조다당류를 투여한 생쥐의 총 복강 세포 수는 대조군에 비하여 최고 9배 정도 증가하였으며, 혈액 중 백혈구의 수도 대조군에 비하여 약 1.9배 증가하였다. 또한 면역에 관련된 장기인 간, 비장 및 흥선의 체중이 대조군에 비하여 증가된 것을 확인하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.655-663
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• 2002

Liver fibrosis is a prepathological state wherein damaged liver tissues in chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis, are not repaired to normal tissues, but converted to fibrous tissue. 5-(2-Pyrazinyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dithiol-3-thione (oltipraz), a cancer chemopreventive agent, is effective against a wide variety of chemical carcinogens. Recently, we reported that oltipraz inhibits liver fibrogenesis (Kang et al., 2002). In the present study, the effects of oltipraz in combination with dimethyl-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-dimethylene dioxybiphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate (DDb) on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrogenesis were assessed in rats. Oltipraz (30 mg/kg body weight, po, 3 times per week for 4 weeks) was found to inhibit the increases in plasma ALT, AST and bilirubin by DMN, whereas DDB (30 mg/kg body weight, po, 3 times per week for 4 weeks) attenuated the increases in the plasma ALT and bilirubin. The lowered plasma protein and albumin contents in DMN-treated rats were completely restored by oltipraz, but not by DDB. DDB decreases liver cell injury and inflammation through inhibition of nuclear factor-kB. DMN increased the accumulation of liver collagen, as indicated by the increase in the 4-hydroxyproline content in liver homogenates, which was reduced by treatment with oltipraz, but not by DDB. Given the differential effect between oltipraz and DDB, the potential enhancement of antifibrotic efficacy by the drugs was assessed in the animal model. Despite the minimal effect of DDB on DMN-induced fibrogenesis, DDB (5-25 mg/kg), administered together with oltipraz (25-5 mg/kg), showed an additive protective effect against hepatotoxicity and fibrosis induced by DMN, which was shown by the blood chemistry parameters and histopathological analysis. The adequate composition ratio of oltipraz to DDB was 5:1. These results provide information on the pharmaceutical composition, comprising of oltipraz and DDB as the active components, for the treatment and/or prevention of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.