• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2015

We investigated the effect of ultra-high molecular weight poly-γ-glutamic acid (UHMW γ-PGA) on hair loss in vitro and in vivo. 5-Alpha reductase is an enzyme that metabolizes the male hormone testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. By performing an in vitro experiment to analyze the inhibitory effects of UHMW γ-PGA on 5-alpha reductase activity, we determined that UHMW γ-PGA did in fact inhibit 5-alpha reductase activity, indicating the use of UHMW γ-PGA as a potential 5-alpha reductase inhibitor in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia. To evaluate the promotion of hair growth in vivo, we topically applied UHMW γ-PGA and minoxidil on the shaved dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL/6 mice for 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, the groups treated with UHMW γ-PGA showed hair growth on more than 50% of the shaved skin, whereas the control group showed less hair growth. To investigate the progression of hair follicles in the hair cycle, hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed. Histological observations revealed that the appearance of hair follicles was earlier in the UHMW γ-PGA-treated group than in the control group. The number of hair follicles on the relative area of shaved skin in the UHMW γ-PGA-treated group was higher than that observed on the shaved skin in the control group. These results indicate that UHMW γ-PGA can promote hair growth by effectively inducing the anagen phase in telogenic C57BL/6 mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.261-265
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• 2013

Scutellaria barbata D. Don (S. barbata), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used to treat cancers, inflammation, and urinary diseases. This study aimed to determine any protective effects of S. barbata crude extract (CE-SB) against rat liver tumorigenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DENA). Liver malfunction indices in serum were measured by biochemical examination. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to examine liver pathology. Contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in liver homogenates to evaluate oxidative stress. The levels of liver malfunction indices in the CE-SB groups, especially in the CE-SB high dose group, were lower than that of the model group (P<0.05). The results from histological examination indicated that the number of liver nodules in the CE-SB groups decreased compared with the model group (P<0.05). Content of MDA determined in liver was significantly decreased, and level of SOD elevated by CE-SB. CE-SB can inhibit experimental liver tumorigenesis and relieve hepatic injury in rats.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.257-265
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• 1996

토끼 바이러스성 출혈증의 원인체를 실험 토끼에 접종하여 증식을 유도하고 간장에서 hematoxylin & eosin 염 색 에서 조직학적 진단과 세포내 viral RNA의 소재를 결정하기 위해 post-unicryl 포매한 block의 절편을 사용하여 단 염색과 전자현미경적 in situ hybridization을 시도하였다. 토끼 출혈증 viral RNA의 보합 결합에 이용하는 probe는 4717에서 4800(84bases)까지 oligonucleotide를 5'말단에 biotin-CE phosphoramidite로 표지하여 사용하였다. 보합결합물의 증명은 신호 표지로서 antibiotin antibody-l0nm gold를 사용하였으며, hybridization이나 증명은 기존 protocol에서 약간의 변법을 사용하였다. 0.02% glutaraldehyde에서 고정하고 unicryl resin 포매한 표본, biotinylated oligonucleotide probe, antibiotin antibody-l0nm gold로 실험한 결과 증강된 신호를 얻을 수 있었다. 특히 전처리를 생략하므로써 실험 과정을 간단하게 하여 신속한 결과를 얻을 수가 있었다. 전자현미경 in situ hybridization을 통하여 토끼 출혈증 바이러스의 주요 표적은 간세포로 감염 세포의 세포질 내 미토콘드리아와 핵 사이에서 immune gold입자가 뚜렷하게 표지 됨으로서 viral RNA를 증명할 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.490-503
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• 2010

This study was carried out to know the effects of Gwanjul9-bang (hereinafter reffered to GJ9) on the inhibition of arthritis induced by collagen on DBA/1J mouse. For this purpose, GJ9 was orally administered to mouse with arthritis induced by collagen II. Cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, arthritis index, value of immunocyte in draining lymph node and paw joint, rheumatoid factor (IgG, IgM) in serum were measured in vivo. The cytotoxicity against hFCs was not measured in any concentration. The hepatotoxicity was low in GJ9 treated group compared with MTX group. The arthritis index was decreased significantly. In total cell counts of DLN and paw joint, the cells in DLN increased significantly while there was significantly decrease in paw joint. In lymph nodes, $CD19^+$, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD3^+CD69^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD4^+CD25^+$, $CD3^+CD49b^+$, $CD4^+CD44^+$, $CD3^+CD8^+$ cells increased significantly, $B220^+CD23^+$cells decreased significantly. In joints, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD4^+CD25^+$, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ cells decreased significantly. The levels of IgG and IgM was significantly decreased compared with control. Anti-collagen II in serum was significantly decreased compared with control. The degree of arthritis induced damage of joint of GJ9 group is slight compared with control group in histopathologic observation (Hematoxylin & Eosin, Masson's Trichrome). Comparison of the results for this study showed that GJ9 had immunomodulatory effects. So we expect that GJ9 should be used as a effective drugs for not only rheumatoid arthritis but also another auto-immune disease. Therefore we have to survey continuously in looking for the effective substance and mechanism in the future.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.443-457
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts of Scutellaria Radix on the alveolar bone formation in the extract socket of rat. Thirty-six Sprague-dawley rats were used in this study. Mean body weight of rat was $130{\pm}5g$. Experimental animal were administered 0.4% ,${\beta}-aminopropionitril$(Sigma, USA) with the solid commercial food for 5 days. All the maxillary 1st molar of the rats were extracted by using of the tissue forcep under the general anesthesia with Pentobarbital sodium(Tokyo Chemical Co, Japan) injection into intraperitoneal space. All the extracted rats were divided into two group, experimental group which were feeded the solid food mixed ethanolic extracts of Scutellaria Radix, and control group which were feeded same food without reagent. At 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 14th days after tooth extraction, rats in both groups were serially sacrificed respectively. All the specimen were treated as usual method and prepared Hematoxylin-eosin stain for the light microscopic observation. The results were as follows : 1. Bone formation of extracted socket starts from the area on remained periodontal ligament than other area. 2. In the case of administration of the extracted Scutellaria Radix showed rapid healing process of connective tissue than non-administrated group. 3. In the case of administration of the extracted Scutellaria Radixshowed rapid osteogenesis than non-administrated With above results, it was concluded that ethanolic extracts of Scutellaria Radix may play a favorable role on the healing process of exatraction socket after extraction in rats. It was suggested that further study to evaluate the different concentration and administration method of ethanolic extracts of the Scutellaria Radix into same experimental model.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of exercise of diverse intensities on the recovery of articular cartilage in osteoarthritic rats. METHODS: Over a period of four weeks, the authors applied treadmill exercise programs of diverse intensities to Sprague-Dawley rats, to which intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate(MIA, 3mg/$50{\mu}l$, diluted in saline) was applied to the right knee joint to induce osteoarthritis. The four-week exercise program was not carried out with the control group(CG, n=10). Exercise programs of applicable intensities were applied to the low-intensity exercise group(LEG, n=10), moderate-intensity exercise group(MEG, n=10), and high-intensity exercise group(HEG, n=10) over the four weeks. Observations were made of morphological changes in the rats' articular cartilage, using hematoxylin and eosin stains. RESULTS: there were significant differences(p<.05) in the comparison of articular damage scores between the four groups involved. Articular cartilage damage scores were found to be significantly lower in the LEG, MEG, and HEG than in the CG, indicating that exercise helped with the recovery of cartilage. Of these latter three groups, the MEG showed the highest level of recovery, while the HEG showed the lowest. CONCLUSION: These study results suggest that exercise is effective in treating OA. They also indicate that in prescribing exercise to treat osteoarthritic patients, exercise of moderate intensity is most suitable to patients' physical conditions, rather than low or high intensity, maximizes, and so should be used to maximize the effects of therapy.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.25-49
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was carried out to know the anti-osteroarthritic effects of Bangkibokryeong-tang(Fanjifuling-tang(BBT)) on the papain-induced osteoarthritis C57BL/10 mouse. Methods : Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of papain(6 ${\mu}l$) into knee joint of mouse. Osteoarthritic mice were divided into 4 groups(normal, control, joins(R), BBT). The injection did not fit the normal group. A week later, after the injection of papain, control group was taken normal saline 200 ${\mu}l$, positive control group was taken joins(R)(100 mg/kg), treated group was taken extract of Bangkibokryeong-tang(Fanjifuling-tang(BBT))(400 mg/kg). After then, we examined hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, inflammation cytokines, expression of inflammation factor mRNA, hemotology, histology through the micro CT-arthrography, and etc. Results : 1. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity have not expressed. 2. The levels of IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, MCP-1, Thromboxane B2, Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandin E2 in serum were significantly decreased. 3. In hematology, the levels of neutrophils and monocytes were significantly decreased. 4. The expression of inflammation factor mRNA like TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6, COX-2, iNOS-II were significantly inhibited. 5. In micro CT-arthrography, cartilage volume was less decreased. 6. The degree of osteoarthritis induced damage of joint of BBT group is low in histopathologic observation(hematoxylin&eosin(H&E), Safranin-O). Conclusions : According to this study, BBT has effect of anti-osteoarthritis. Further clinical research for the cartilage protective effect is necessary.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.17-34
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was carried out to know the effects of Gwanjul8-bang(here in after reffered to GJ8) on the inhibition of arthritis induced by collagen on DBA/1J mice. Methods : For this purpose, GJ8 was orally administered to mouse with arthritis induced by collagen II. Cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, arthritis index, value of immunocyte in draining lymph node(DLN) and paw joint, cytokine in serum were measured in vivo. Results : 1. The arthritis index was decreased significantly. 2. In total cell counts of DLN and paw joint, the cells in DLN increased significantly while there was a significant decrease in paw joint. 3. In lymph nodes, $CD19^+$, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells increased significantly, and $B220^+/CD23^+$ cells decreased significantly. 4. In joints, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells decreased significantly. 5. The levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-17, MCP-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in serum was significantly decreased compared with control. 6. Anti-collagen II in serum was significantly decreased compared with control. 7. The degree of arthritis induced damage of joint of GJ8 group is slight compared with control group in histopathologic observation(hematoxylin & eosin(H&E), Masson-Trichrome(MT) staining). Conclusions : Comparison of the results for this study showed that GJ8 had immunomodulatory effects. So we expect that GJ8 should be used as a effective drugs for not only rheumatoid arthritis but also another auto-immune disease. Therefore there seems to be many clinical research needed in the future.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.294-305
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• 2002

흰쥐에서 간부분 절제술 후 비장내 배자줄기세포를 이식하여 배자줄기세포가 간세포로 분화하여 장기간에 걸쳐서 비장내에서 간세포의 기능적인 구조를 유지하는지를 조사 하였으며 간세포로의 재생 효과에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 비장내 세포이식에서 배자줄기 세포를 이식하면 처음에는 동맥주위림프초 근처에 위치하여 그 수가 먼저 증가하면 육주 주위에 소엽상으로 모여서 세포의 크기가 커졌다. 세포내 소기관의 발달은 이식 후20일에 가장 현저한 발달을 보이며 이때 EGF의 반응도 가장 현저하였다. 이식 후 40일이 되면 세포질내 소기관의 발달이 간세포의 기능이 가능할 정도로 분화되었으며 TGF 반응이나 apoptosis 반응은 증가하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.550-562
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• 2008

배경: 조직공학분야에서 이종조직의 세포성분에 대한 면역반응을 없애기 위한 기본적인 과정으로 조직의 탈세포화에 대한 연구가 있어왔다. 본 연구는 기존에 탈세포화에 효과적이었다고 보고되었던 방법들을 변형 혹은 재현해 보고, 이를 통해 치적의 탈세포화를 얻을 수 있는 조건을 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 돼지의 대동맥 및 폐동맥판막, 대동맥 및 폐동맥벽, 심낭을 탈세포화 세정제(detergents)에 대한 농도 및 배양시간, 온도조건, 용질에 대한 삼투압 등을 달리하고, 여러 탈세포화용액 및 그 조합을 통해 단일단계 및 여러 단계의 방법으로 배양하여 탈세포화를 시행하였다. 이렇게 탈세포화 실험을 마친 조직은 hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) 염색을 통해 탈세포화의 정도와 세포 외 기질의 보존 정도를 평가하였고, 일부탈세포화된 조직에서는 이종항원면역제거 정도를 파악하는 alpha-Gal 염색과 DAPI 염색을 동시 시행하여 관찰하였다. 결과: Polyethylene glycol이나 peracetic acid를 이용한 방법에서는 탈세포화가 되지 않았다. 단일단계방법으로는 sodium deoxycholate (DOA), sodium dodesyl sulfate (SDS), Triton X-100, SDS와 Triton X-100을 섞은 용액에서, 다단계방법으로는 저장성 완충용액 ${\rightarrow}$ X-100 ${\rightarrow}$ SDS, DOA ${\rightarrow}$ 저장성 완충용액 ${\rightarrow}$ SDS, 저장성 완충용액 ${\rightarrow}$ SDS에서 탈세포화가 이루어 졌다. DOA는 다른 탈세포화 방법에 비해 세포 외 기질의 파괴가 심하였고, 특히 실험온도가 높아질 수록 세포 외 기질의 파괴가 더욱 현저함을 알 수 있었다. 사용되는 화학물질의 종류, 양, 처리시간 및 세포 외 기질의 파괴 정도를 고려하여 지속적으로 재현 가능한 탈세포화에 비교적 적합한 조합 및 조건은 단일단계방법으로 $4^{\circ}C$에서 SDS와 Triton X-100를 섞은 저장성용액에서 24시간 배양하는 방법과, 다단계방법으로 저장성 완충용액과 SDS를 연속적으로 사용하는 방법으로, $4^{\circ}C$에서 $6{\sim}8$시간 이상 저장성 완충용액에 처리한 후, 0.25% SDS가 섞인 저장성 완충용액에 16시간 배양 후 등장성 완충용액에 처리하는 방법이었다. 결론: $4^{\circ}C$에서 SDS 과 Triton X-100을 섞은 저장성 완충용액에서 24시간 배양하는 단일단계방법이나, 저장성완충용과 SDS를 연속적으로 사용하는 다단계 방법을 통해 세포 외 조직을 비교적 잘 보존하면서 적은 수의 탈세포화 용액을 사용하여 효과적인 탈세포화를 얻을 수 있었다.