• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.83-105
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• 2013

During recent decades, the number of mixed attribute products (henceforth mixed products), which have both utilitarian and hedonic benefits, has increased dramatically. Despite these products' growing popularity, academic research has paid little attention to them, and there remains a gap between theory and the real world. Hence, our study was undertaken to understand consumers' perceptions about and behaviors toward mixed products, as well as factors affecting the evaluation and choice of these products. We divided mixed attribute products into two categories: mixed utilitarian products (utilitarian products adding hedonic attributes) and mixed hedonic products (hedonic products adding utilitarian attributes). We then showed how adding different attributes affects consumers' perception, willingness to pay (WTP), and the choice of mixed attribute products compared to pure utilitarian or pure hedonic products. We conducted an experiment using a within-subject design. A total of 160 office workers and college students participated in the study. The pure utilitarian product used in the study was orange juice, and the mixed utilitarian product was carbonated orange juice. The pure hedonic product was chocolate, and the mixed hedonic product was polyphenol enriched chocolate. Results showed that consumers perceived a mixed utilitarian product to be less utilitarian, less pleasurable and more guilty than a pure utilitarian product. On the other hand, a mixed hedonic product was perceived to be more utilitarian, less pleasurable and less guilty than a pure hedonic product. Also, WTP for a mixed hedonic product was higher than WTP for a pure hedonic product, but WTP was lower for a mixed utilitarian product than for a pure utilitarian product. Furthermore, mixed hedonic products were likely to be evaluated more favorably when they were presented together with pure hedonic products, more so than when they were presented alone. Finally, when compared to low self-control participants, high self-control participants chose mixed hedonic products more frequently. The present study contributes to the existing literature on utilitarian and hedonic consumption by adding to the sparse literature on the consumption of products that have both utilitarian and hedonic purposes. Also, our research findings provide several useful implications for practitioners in related fields. First, the current study provides marketers with a useful guide for understanding consumers' perceptions of these types of products, and helps to predict how adding different attributes influences these products. Second, this study has examined the conditions that may moderate the evaluation and choice of hedonic base products and this finding will serve as a good reference for marketers of mixed hedonic products in marketing communication strategy, in-store marketing and targeting. Specifically, comparative advertising with a pure hedonic product will be beneficial for a mixed hedonic product. Also, displaying mixed hedonic products near pure hedonic products may enhance the effectiveness of in-store marketing of mixed hedonic products.

• 디자인융복합연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.333-345
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• 2016

최근 정보통신 기술 및 로봇 기술이 기존 제품에 접목된 지능형제품들이 개발되고 있다. 사용자에게 보다 수용 가능한 지능형제품을 개발하기 위해, 다양한 인터랙션 방식 또는 지능화 부분을 고려한 지능형제품디자인방법들이 소개되고 있다. 그러나 지능형제품은 모체제품이라고 불리는 기존 제품을 기반으로 하므로, 제품 속성 관점에서의 효과적인 지능형제품디자인방법에 대한 탐색이 필요하다. 이 연구의 목적은 제품 속성에 따른 지능형제품 유형이 소비자 수용도에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 유아용 실내화를 사례로 하여, 쾌락적 지능형제품과 실용적 지능형제품을 비교하는 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 제품선호도에 대해 피험자는 실용적 지능형 유아용 실내화를 쾌락적 지능형 유아용 실내화보다 긍정적으로 평가하고, 보다 높은 구매의사와 지불의사 금액을 나타냈다. 이는 유아용 실내화가 유아용 제품이라는 점에서 쾌락적 가치가 요구될 수도 있으나, 층간 소음이라는 사회적 문제와 관련된 제품이므로 실용적 가치가 보다 중요한 가치로 인식된 것으로 해석된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.635-645
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• 2011

This study explores the differences in product evaluation and approach behaviors as well as the effects of product evaluation on approach behaviors of utilitarian and hedonic products in on-line and off-line settings. A total of 332 subjects participated in the experiments to assess product evaluation and approach behaviors for utilitarian and hedonic clothing products in on-line and off-line settings. The results show that even though the same stimulus was presented, consumers' product evaluation of utilitarian clothing (i.e., t-shirts) was higher in the off-line setting than in the on-line setting while the approach behavior of hedonic clothing was better in the on-line setting than in the off-line setting. In addition, color was a crucial factor generating positive approach behaviors for utilitarian clothing while style and quality were core factors influencing the approach behaviors of hedonic products in an on-line setting. There was no consistency in the results of the important factors affecting approach behaviors of utilitarian and hedonic clothing in an off-line setting. The conclusion suggests implications for marketing based upon the results of this study.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand consumer values derived from products by the contemporary consumers, as the meaning of a product is extended from the functional utilities to the mediums of fulfilling consumer values. Consumer values have been researched from the marketers' perspectives and, thus, the scales to measure consumer values tend to be too abstract and not always reflective of the consumers' perspectives. Holbrook's typology of consumer values is utilized and the products are classified into four groups according to the product characteristic of the utilitarian versus hedonic, and the consumption spaces of the indoor and outdoor. The findings are as follows. First, the values of efficiency, excellence, ethics, and spirituality are more likely derived from utilitarian products, while the value of play is more likely derived from the hedonic products. Second, the values of efficiency, excellence, and ethics are more likely derived from the indoor products, and values of playfulness, esthetics, status, and respect are more likely derived from the outdoor products. Third, the most frequently mentioned values are the efficiency, playfulness, and status. Fourth, the list of products answered as being representative for four types of products are short to include obvious products such as TV, mobile phone, computer, car, refrigerator, and MP3 player. Both the utilitarian and hedonic values are derived from TV, computer, and mobile phone, while the utilitarian value from refrigerator and car, and the hedonic value from MP3 player, digital camera, and game consoles. The results imply that consumer values should be carefully understood and reflected in developing new products in order to successfully fulfill consumers' underlying needs and requirements.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.515-525
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• 2008

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate consumers' purchasing behavior of apparel products with solo shopping orientation. The data were collected in Busan and Ulsan from 279 adult women. The aforementioned were analyzed utilizing frequency, factor analysis, simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis and chi-square($X^2$) test using SPSS Win 12.0. The results showed as follows. The motive factors to alone purchasing behavior of apparel products of consumers were convenience, hedonic aim, consumption centered oneself, load to going together, nonexpected shopping and time utilization. Specially the higher consumers recognized importantly convenience and hedonic aim, the higher they had a solo shopping orientation. The more consumers experienced feelings such as hedonic aim, it was the same. Also the high consumers satisfied on purchase of apparel products, it was just the same.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.247-263
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the compulsive hoarding behavior of consumers on the intention to purchase hedonic and utilitarian types of products. Design/methodology/approach - The online and offline survey was conducted and a total of 210 domestic data were collected. Simple and multiple regression analysis and ANOVA were conducted to analyze the data. Findings - First, the consumers'compulsive hoarding behavior had a significantly positive influence on the purchase intention. According to the analysis results of the sub-factors, however, only 'Difficulty Discarding' had a significant influence on the purchase intention, while 'Clutter' and 'Acquisition' did not. Second, as the results of identifying the moderating effect by product type in the purchase intention in accordance with the consumers'compulsive hoarding behavior, their compulsive hoarding behavior had a significant influence on only the intention to purchase hedonic products but not on the intention to purchase utilitarian ones. Similarly, the results of analyzing the sub-factors showed that only'Difficulty Discarding' significantly influenced the intention to purchase hedonic types of products, but 'Clutter' and 'Acquisition' were not significantly influential to both the hedonic and utilitarian types of products. Research implications or Originality - First, this study is meaningful in that it expanded the research discussion on compulsive hoarding behavior by conducting empirical research on this behavior in the general public, which is unlike the previous studies that focused on only severe pathological compulsive hoarding behavior. Second, it identified that the consumers'compulsive hoarding behavior could cause purchase behaviors that were different depending on the type of product by searching the purchase intention with divided types of products (hedonic and utilitarian).

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2018

Purpose - When indulging in hedonic items is construed as wasteful and evokes anticipated regret or guilt, consumers are more likely to seek reasons to justify their indulgence. Justification requirement for spending on indulgences over necessities could lead to the places of their finding the ways that mitigate the anticipated regret and guilt. However the previous research focusing on consumers' own great effort leading to positive outcomes has not given much attention to other's outcomes induced from his or her little or no efforts, by which consumers could feel envy. The guilt associated with consumers' indulgence could vary according to envy type felt according to their evaluation about other's outcomes and their self construal level. Current research explored the envy type's effects on consumers' spending on hedonic products, and moderation effects of self construal level on the envy type's effects. Research design, data, and methodology - 2(envy type: benign versus malicious) × 2(self construal level: high versus low) between-subjects design was employed. Data for empirical analysis were from 173 undergraduate participants. ANOVA was used to verify hypotheses. Results - The tendency of choosing utilitarian product versus hedonic product was moderated by the envy type. The participants who felt benign envy were more likely to choose utilitarian product versus hedonic product than those who felt malicious envy were. And the tendency of benign envy-felt participants' choosing hedonic versus utilitarian product was more weakened to those with lower-level self construal than to those with higher-level self construal. However the tendency of malicious envy-felt participants' choosing hedonic versus utilitarian product was not moderated by the self construal level. Conclusions - This research could advance the theory related to indulgent hedonic consumption by exploring the effects of self construal level and envy type on hedonic indulgence. In view of the results from current study, marketers should make efforts of communicating and selling utilitarian products to persuade consumers with lower-level construal when they feel benign envy to others. And they should conduct marketing acts for hedonic products to persuade consumers when they feel malicious envy to others.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.83-100
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• 2022

마케팅분야에서는 제품 상징주의를 지닌 쾌락적 소비에 관한 주제와 관련된 개념적 연구는 상징적 소비주의와 쾌락적 경험연구에 공헌하였다. 예상치 못한 소득이나 일시적 이득에 대한 기대를 소비자가 어떻게 다루는가를 연구하는 것은 그들이 경험을 즐기는데 무엇이 영향을 미치는 가를 이해하는데 도움을 줄 것이다. 이 논문은 쾌락적 소비와 실용적 소비의 상반관계를 논의한다. 일시소득이 발생한 상황에서 언제 왜 소비자들이 쾌락적 혹은 실용적 제품을 선택하는 가를 알아보는 것이 목적이다. 우리는 5개의 가설을 제시하고 일련의 실험을 통해 복권금액이 증가할 때 응답자들은 실용제품보다 쾌락제품을 선호하고, 취득확률은 두 제품간 차이가 없고, 선호순위도 차별화되지 않았다. 일시소득이 증가할 때 두 제품간의 선호그래프는 반대로 나타났다. 할인율이 변할 때 소비자의 선호순서는 변활 것으로 예상된다. 응답자들은 쾌락제품을 가장 선호하고, 실용제품, 할인 현금 순으로 선택하였다. 따라서 소비자의 쾌락주의와 쾌락적 경험에 대한 환상을 자극하는 것은 효과적인 마케팅 전략과 전술이 될 것이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2015

Purpose - Various social issues have arisen since the beginning of the 21st century therefore, enterprises that disregarded social issues have become unsustainable, and social enterprises have appeared to address these issues. A social enterprise is a social mission-focused organization that uses a market-based strategy and has a vulnerable business structure. To be self-sustainable, a social enterprise should make consumers aware of the value that it provides and secure its profitability through consumer consumption. From this perspective, this study investigates the relationship between perceived value (utilitarian and hedonic) and loyalty, and examines how memory and attitudes play mediating roles between perceived value and loyalty. For these purposes, the author developed a structural model consisting of several variables. In this model, perceived value, which was utilitarian and hedonic, was proposed to affect the memory and attitudes toward social enterprise products, thus increasing loyalty. Therefore, memory and attitudes were proposed as core mediating variables between perceived value and loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - To analyze the proposed model, data were collected from 582 respondents and analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. To test unidimensionality and the nomological validity of the measures of each construct, we employed a scale refinement procedure. The results of the reliability test with Cronbach's α and confirmatory factor analysis warranted the unidimensionality of the measures for each construct. In addition, the nomological validity of the measures was warranted from the results of the correlation analysis. The result of the overall model analysis demonstrated a good fit (χ²=529.881, df=144, χ²/df=3.680, p-value=0.000, GFI=0.905, NFI=0.948, CFI=0.961, RMR=0.036, RMSEA=0.068). Results - The findings are summarized as follows. First, the hedonic and utilitarian value of social enterprise products had positive effects on memory and attitudes. Second, the hedonic value of social enterprise products more strongly affects memory and attitudes than utilitarian value. Third, memory and attitudes had positive effects on loyalty. Lastly, memory had a stronger effect on loyalty than attitudes. Conclusions - The purchase rate of social enterprises' products increases only if the products are included in the "information search" and "alternative evaluation" processes in consumers' purchase decision-making processes. Therefore, a social enterprise must actively promote the fact that it pursues a social value, and shares both the hedonic and utilitarian values of its products. Accordingly, because hedonic value has a more significant impact on a company and attitudes, a social enterprise should develop hedonic values for product consumption, thereby leading consumers who care about value consumption to purchase its products. Moreover, a social enterprise must maintain good memories and attitudes for consumers because memory does not change over time, although attitude does. The limitations of this study and suggestions for future research are as follows. This study viewed "consumer loyalty" as the success factor of social enterprises, thereby considers an "increase in sales" as the success factor. Therefore, in future studies, diverse factors, including social contribution and word-of-mouth intention, should be regarded. In addition, future studies need to thoroughly review and make assurances about the relationship between memory and attitude.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to analyze the value of attributes of agricultural products in school food service using hedonic price model and choice experiment. In the case of potatoes, bean sprouts, and tomatoes, environment-friendly agricultural products rather than conventional ones, and domestic price premiums exist rather than Chungnam. The higher the price, the higher the margin rate. Conventional agricultural products were more profitable than environment-friendly ones, and domestic products were more profitable than Chungnam. In consumer preferences, environment-friendly agricultural products are preferred over conventional agricultural products and local products (Chungnam, Cheonan, Asan) rather than domestic ones. This is the opposite result of the Hedonic price model estimation that Chungnam has a lower price premium than domestic in the case of origin. This study is meaningful by analyzing the attribute value of agricultural products used for school meals in Chungnam and comparing them with the willingness to pay consumers. With the results of this study, it is necessary that discussions on supplementing the value of local products used in Chungnam school food service.